NAMATAI KUTI SANT 'AGOSTINO kukumbira nyasha

Nezve kunyaradzwa kune hupenyu kwawakaunzwa iwe, o anoyera Mutsvene Augustine, kuna iye mutsvene
Monica amai vako neChechi yese, kana uchinge wakasimudzwa nemuenzaniso
yeRoman Vittorino uye kubva pamataurirwo azvino paruzhinji, ikozvino abvisirwa Bhishopi mukuru we
Milan, Saint Ambrose, uye veSaint Simplician naAlipio, pakupedzisira vakasarudza kutendeuka,
titsvagire isu tese nyasha dzekugara tichitora mienzaniso nemazano
yevakanaka, kuitira kuti vauye kudenga nemufaro wakawanda nehupenyu hwedu hweramangwana se
yekusuwa isu takakonzera nekuwanda kutadza kwehupenyu hwedu hwekare
Gloria

Isu takatevera Augustine achidzungaira, tinofanira kumutevera achizvidemba. Deh! kuti iyo
muenzaniso wake unotimanikidza kutsvaga ruregerero uye kubvisa zvese zvavanofarira
kudonha kwedu.
Gloria

Agostino d'Ippona (dudziro yeItaly yechiLatin Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis) werudzi rweBerber, asi yetsika yechiHellenistic-yeRoma, akaberekerwa muTagaste (parizvino Souk-Ahras muAlgeria, iri makiromita zana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweHippo) Mbudzi 100 kubva kumhuri yepakati-yemhuri yevaridzi vadiki. Baba Patrizio vaive muhedheni, apo mai Monica (ona 13 Nyamavhuvhu), uyo aive Augustine aive wedangwe, aive pachinzvimbo wemuKristu aive iye akamupa dzidziso yechitendero asi asina kumubhabhatidza, setsika yaive panguva iyoyo, achida kumirira zera rakura.

Augustine aive nehudiki hwakanaka, asi zvivi zvechokwadi zvakatanga mushure. Mushure mekudzidza kwake kwekutanga muTagaste uyezve kuMadaura iri padyo, akaenda kuCarthage muna 371, achibatsirwa nashe akapfuma wemuno anonzi Romaniano. Aive nemakore gumi nematanhatu uye akararama makore ake ehudiki nenzira yekunakidzwa uye, achienda kuchikoro chemunyori, akatanga kugara nemusikana weCarthage, uyo akamupawo, muna 16, mwanakomana, Adeodato. Yaive mumakore iwawo apo kudaidzwa kwake kwekutanga semudzidzi kwakakura, nekuda kwekuverengwa kwebhuku naCicero, "Ortensio", iro rakange rakamurova, nekuti munyori wechiLatin akataura kuti huzivi chete hwaibatsira kuda kubva zvakaipa uye kushandisa simba.
Nehurombo, panguva iyoyo, kuverengerwa kweMagwaro Matsvene hakuna zvaakataura kupfungwa dzake uye chinamato chakataurwa naamai vake chaitaridza kwaari "sedzidziso dzevacheche", saka akatsvaga chokwadi muManichaeism. (Manichaeism yaive chitendero chekumabvazuva chakavambwa muzana ramakore rechitatu AD naMani, icho chakabatanidza zvinhu zvechiKristu uye chitendero cheZoroaster; nheyo yayo yakakosha yaive hunyambiri, ndiko kuti, kuramba kurwisa kwemitemo miviri yakaenzana, imwe yakanaka uye imwe yakaipa, iro rinotonga nyika uye nemweya wemunhu).
Mushure mekupedza zvidzidzo zvake, akadzoka muna 374 kuenda kuTagaste, uko, nerubatsiro rwemubatsiri wake wechiRomania, akavhura chikoro chegirama uye chirevo. Akagamuchirwawo mumba make nemhuri yese, nekuti amai vake Monica, vasingagovane nesarudzo dzechitendero chavo, vaive vafarira kusiyana naAugustine; akatozomugamuchirazve kumba kwake, ave nechiroto chekufungidzira nezvekudzoka kwake kuchitendero chechiKristu.
Mushure memakore maviri muna 376, akafunga kusiya guta diki reTagaste ndokudzokera kuCarthage uye, zvakare nerubatsiro rweshamwari yake yeRomaniano, yaakange atendeukira kuManichaeism, akavhurawo chikoro pano, kwaakadzidzisa kwemakore manomwe, zvinosuwisa. nevadzidzi vasina kurangwa zvakanaka.
Augustine, zvisinei, pakati pevaManichean havana kuzowana mhinduro yechokwadi kuchishuwo chake chechokwadi uye mushure memusangano nabhishopi wavo, Fausto, uyo wakaitika muna 382 muCarthage, uyo aifanira kubvisa kusava nechokwadi kwese, akabuda asina kugutsikana uye nekudaro akaenda ibva kuManichaeism. Achishuvira zviitiko zvitsva uye akaneta nehunhu hwevadzidzi veCarthaginian, Augustine, achipokana neminamato yaamai vake vaaida, vaida kumuchengeta muAfrica, akafunga kuenda kuRoma, guta guru rehumambo, nemhuri yake yese.
Muna 384 akakwanisa kuwana, nerutsigiro rwegavhuna weRome, Quinto Aurelio Simmaco, sachigaro asina vanhu wekutaura muMilan, kwaakatamira, akasvika muna 385, zvisingatarisirwi, naamai vake Monica, uyo, achiziva nezve basa remukati remwanakomana wake. , aive padivi pake nemunamato nemisodzi pasina kumumanikidza chero chinhu, asi sengirozi inodzivirira.

Kusvikira pakutanga kweLent 387, naAdeodato naAlipio, akatora chinzvimbo chake pakati pe "vanokwanisa" kuti vabhabhatidzwe naAmbrose pazuva reIsita. Agostino akagara muMilan kusvika matsutso, achienderera nemabasa ake: "De immortalitate animae naDe musica". Zvino, paakanga ave kuda kuenda kuOstia, Monica akapa mweya wake kuna Mwari.Augustine, akabva agara kwemwedzi yakawanda muRoma achitarisana nekuramba kweManichaeism uye kudzamisa ruzivo rwake rwemamongi netsika dzeChechi.

Muna 388 akadzokera kuTagaste, kwaakatengesa zvinhu zvake zvishoma, achigovera varombo mari uye, ave pamudyandigere nedzimwe shamwari nevadzidzi, akatanga nharaunda diki, maive nenhumbi muzvivakwa. Asi mushure mechinguva kuwanda kwevamwe vagari vemo, kukumbira mazano nerubatsiro, kwakakanganisa kuyeuka kwakakodzera, zvaive zvakakosha kuwana imwe nzvimbo uye Augustine akamutsvaga kuHippo. Akazviwana netsaona mukereke yemuno, uko Bishop Valerio vaikurudzira kune vakatendeka kuti vagadze mupristi aigona kumubatsira, kunyanya mukuparidza; vachiziva kuvapo kwake, vakatendeka vakatanga kushevedzera vachiti: "Augustine mupristi!". Panguva iyoyo kukosha kukuru kwakapihwa kuchido chevanhu, vakafunga kuda kwaMwari uye kunyangwe hazvo akaedza kuramba, nekuti iyi yakanga isiri nzira yaidiwa, Augustine akamanikidzwa kubvuma. Guta reHippo rakawana zvakawanda, basa rake rakabereka kwazvo; Chekutanga akakumbira bhishopi kuti aendese imba yake yemamongi kuHippo, kuti aenderere mberi nesarudzo yehupenyu, iyo yakazove seminari sosi yevapristi nemabhishopi eAfrica.

Chirongwa chaAugustinian chakaisa hwaro hwekumutsiridzwa kwetsika dzevafundisi. Akanyorawo Mutemo, uyo wakazogamuchirwa neCommunity of Canons Regular kana maAugustinians muzana rechipfumbamwe.
Bishop Valerio, vachitya kuti Augustine aizotamisirwa kune imwe nzvimbo, akagonesa vanhu pamwe nemutongi weNumidia, Megalius weCalama, kumugadza bhishopi weHippo. Muna 397, Valerio akafa, akamutsiva semuridzi. Aifanira kusiya imba yemamongi oita basa rake rakakomba semufudzi wemweya, iyo yaakaita nemazvo, zvekuti mukurumbira wake sabhishopi akajekeserwa wakapararira kumachechi ese eAfrica.

Panguva imwecheteyo akanyora mabasa ake: St. Augustine aive mumwe wevakanyanya kugona vanhu vakamboziva. Iye haasi anoyemurwa chete nenhamba yemabasa ake, anosanganisira autobiographical, uzivi, kukumbira ruregerero, dzidziso, kutsoropodza, hunhu, zvinyorwa zvekufungidzira, kuunganidzwa kwetsamba, mharidzo uye kushanda munhetembo (zvakanyorwa mune zvisiri-zvechiyero metric, asi zvichisimbisa, gonesa kuyeuka nevanhu vasina kudzidza), asiwo zvemhando dzakasiyana dzinovhara ruzivo rwese rwevanhu. Iyo fomu yaakaronga basa rake ichiri kushandisa kukwezva kune simba kwazvo pane muverengi nhasi.
Basa rake rine mukurumbira ndeye Confessiones (The Confessions). Mhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwechitendero dzinoreva kwaari, kusanganisira iyo Order yaSt Augustine (OSA), anonzi maAugustinians: akapararira pasirese, pamwe neVakadzvinyirirwa Augustinians (OAD) uye neAugustinian Recollects (OAR), vanoumba muChechi yeKaturike iyo huru nhaka yemweya yemusande weHippo, uyo Mutongi wehupenyu unofemerwawo nedzimwe dzakawanda ungano, kuwedzera kuCanon Regular yaSt Augustine.
"Kureurura kana Kureurura" (dzinosvika mazana mana) inyaya yemoyo wake. Pfungwa yepfungwa dzaAugustinian dziripo mu "Kupupura" iri mune pfungwa yekuti munhu haagone kuzvitenderedza ari ega: chete nekuvhenekera kwaMwari, uyo waanofanira kuteerera mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, munhu anokwanisa kuwana kutarisisa mukati. hupenyu hwake. Izwi rekuti "kureurura" rinonzwisiswa mupfungwa yemubhaibheri (confiteri), kwete sekubvuma mhosva kana nyaya, asi semunamato wemweya unoyemura kuita kwaMwari mukati. Pamabasa ese aMusande, hapana kana chimwe chakaverengerwa nekuyemurika. Iko hakuna bhuku mune rese zvinyorwa iro rakafanana naro rekupinda mukati mekunze kwekunyanyisa kwakaomarara kwemweya, kwekunzwa kwekutaurirana, kana kwekudzika kwemafungiro efilosofi.

Muna 429 akarwara zvakaipisisa, uku Hippo akange akombwa kwemwedzi mitatu nemaVandals akarairwa naGenseric († 477), mushure mekunge vaunza rufu nekuparadza kwese kwese; bhishopi mutsvene aive nepfungwa yekuguma kwenyika kwave pedyo; akashaya musi wa28 Nyamavhuvhu 430 aine makore makumi manomwe nemanomwe ekuberekwa. Mutumbi wake wakabiwa kubva kuVandals panguva yemoto uye kuparadzwa kweHippo, ndokuzoendeswa kuCagliari nabhishopi Fulgenzio di Ruspe, dzinosvika 76-508 cc, pamwe chete nezvisaririra zvemamwe mabhishopi eAfrica.
Kuma725 mutumbi wake wakaendeswa zvakare kuPavia, muChechi yaS.Pietro muCiel d'Oro, kusiri kure nenzvimbo dzekutendeuka kwake, nemutendi Lombard mambo Liutprando († 744), uyo akaudzikinura. nemaSaracens eSardinia.