Zvikonzero zvina nei ndichifunga kuti Jesu aivapo zvechokwadi
Vashoma vevadzidzi nhasi uye boka rakakura kwazvo revaongorori veInternet vanopokana kuti Jesu haana kumbobvira avapo. Vanotsigira chinzvimbo ichi, vanozivikanwa sengano, vanoti Jesu anongova wengano akagadzwa nevanyori veTestamente Itsva (kana vatevedzeri vake vatevedzeri). Mune ino post ndinopa izvo zvikonzero zvina (kubva kune asina kusimba kusvika kune akasimba) zvinondipwisa kuti Jesu weNazareta aive munhu chaiye asingavimbe neakaunzi evhangeri yehupenyu hwake.
Iyo ndiyo chinzvimbo chinotungamira mune dzidzo nyika.
Ini ndinobvuma kuti ichi ndicho chisina kusimba pazvikonzero zvangu zvina, asi ndinozvinyora kuratidza kuti hapana gakava rakakomba pakati pevazhinji vevadzidzi muminda ine chekuita nemubvunzo wekuvapo kwaJesu. John Dominic Crossan, uyo akatanga bato anokakavara Seminari yaJesu, anoramba kuti Jesu akamuka kubva kuvakafa asi ane chivimbo chekuti Jesu aive munhu wenhoroondo. Anonyora kuti: "Kuti [Jesu] akarovererwa ndezvechokwadi chero chinhu chingamboitika" (Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography, peji 145). Bart Ehrman munhu asingatendi kuti Mwari ariko akataura pachena mukuramba kwake ngano. Ehrman anodzidzisa paUniversity yeNorth Carolina uye anoonekwa zvakanyanya sehunyanzvi pazvinyorwa zveTestamente Itsva. Anonyora kuti: "Pfungwa yekuti Jesu akange aripo inotsigirwa nenyanzvi dzese dzepanyika" (Jesu aivapo here, peji 4).
Kuvapo kwaJesu kunosimbiswa nezvinyorwa zvekuwedzera-zvemuBhaibheri.
Munyori wenhoroondo wechiJuda wemuzana ramakore rekutanga Josephus akataura nezvaJesu kaviri.Chidimbu chipfupi chiri mubhuku 20 yezvakaitika kare zvemaJuda uye zvinotsanangura kutakwa nematombo kwevatyori vemutemo muna AD 62. Mumwe wematsotsi anotsanangurwa se "munun'una waJesu, uyo anonzi Kristu, zita rake ndiJakobho ”. Chinoita kuti ndima iyi ive yechokwadi ndechekuti haina mazwi echiChristu akadai sa "Ishe", inokwana muchikamu chechikamu chino chekare, uye ndima yacho inowanikwa mukopi yega yega yechinyorwa cheAntiquities.
Maererano nenyanzvi yeTestamente Itsva Robert Van Voorst mubhuku rake Jesus Outside of the New Testament, "Vadzidzi vazhinji vanoti mazwi ekuti 'munin'ina waJesu, ainzi Kristu' ndeechokwadi, sezvakangoita ndima yese inowanikwa "(p. 83).
Ndima refu kwazvo mubhuku 18 inonzi Testimonium Flavianum. Nyanzvi dzakakamurwa pandima iyi nekuti, kunyangwe ichitaura nezvaJesu, iine zvirevo zvainge zvakatowedzerwa nevanyori vechiKristu. Izvi zvinosanganisira mitsara ingadai isina kuzomboshandiswa nemuJuda akaita saJosephus, senge kutaura nezvaJesu: "Aive iye Kristu" kana "akazviratidza mupenyu zvakare pazuva rechitatu".
Vaya ngano vanopokana kuti ndima yese ndeyekunyepera nekuti iri kunze kwemamiriro uye inokanganisa rondedzero yapfuura yaJosephus. Asi maonero aya anofuratira chokwadi chekuti vanyori munyika yekare vaisashandisa zvinyorwa zvemuzasi uye kazhinji vaidzungaira pamusoro penyaya dzisina hukama muzvinyorwa zvavo. Sekureva kwemudzidzi weTestamente Itsva, James DG Dunn, ndima yacho zvaive pachena kuti yaigona kudzokororwa nemaKristu, asi kune mamwe mazwi asingazomboshandiswi nevaKristu nezvaJesu izvi zvinosanganisira kudaidza Jesu kuti "murume akangwara" kana kuzvidana saiye "Dzinza," uhwo humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti pakutanga Josephus akanyora chimwe chinhu seinotevera:
Panguva iyoyo Jesu akaonekwa, murume akachenjera. Nekuti akaita zviito zvinoshamisa, mudzidzisi wevanhu vakagamuchira chokwadi nekunakidzwa. Uye yakawana inotevera kubva kune vese maJuda uye vazhinji vechiGiriki. Uye apo Pirato, nekuda kwekupomera kwakaitwa nevatungamiriri pakati pedu, akamupa mhosva kumuchinjikwa, avo vaimbomuda havana kumira kuzviita. Uye kusvikira nhasi rudzi rwevaKristu (vakatumidzwa zita rake) haruna kufa. (Jesu Akarangarira, peji 141).
Zvakare, munyori wenhoroondo wechiRoma Tacitus anonyora mubhuku rake reAnnals kuti, mushure memoto mukuru weRoma, mambo Nero vakaisa mhosva paboka rakazvidzwa revanhu vainzi maKristu. Tacitus anozivisa iri boka seinotevera: "Christus, muvambi wezita iri, akaurayiwa naPondiyo Pirato, gavhuna weJudhiya panguva yaitonga Tiberius." Bart D. Ehrman anonyora, "Gwaro raTacitus rinosimbisa zvatinoziva kubva kune zvimwe zvinyorwa, kuti Jesu akaurayiwa nekuraira kwagavhuna weRoma weJudhiya, Pondiyo Pirato, imwe nguva panguva yekutonga kwaTiberius" (The New Testament: Historical Introduction to zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvechiKristu, 212).
Vanababa veChechi vekutanga havatsananguri dzidziso yekunyepedzera.
Avo vanoramba kuvapo kwaJesu vanowanzo nharo kuti maKristu ekutanga vaitenda kuti Jesu aingova muponesi wepasi rose aitaura kuvatendi kuburikidza nezviono. Gare gare maKristu akabva awedzera zvinyorwa zveapokirifa zveupenyu hwaJesu (sekuuraiwa kwake pasi paPondiyo Pirato) kumubvisa muPalestine yezana ramakore. Kana fungidziro yechokwadi iri yechokwadi, saka pane imwe nguva munhoroondo yechiKristu pangadai paita kuputsika kana kumukira chaiko pakati pevatendeuki vatsva vaitenda muna Jesu chaiye nemafungiro enzvimbo ye "orthodox" zvaivapo.
Chinhu chinoda kuziva pamusoro pedzidziso iyi ndechekuti madzibaba emuchechi ekutanga saIrenaeus vaida kupedza dzidziso dzakatsauka. Ivo vakanyora zvinyorwa zvakakura vachishoropodza vanyengeri uye zvakadaro mune zvese zvinyorwa zvavo dzidziso dzakatsauka dzekuti Jesu haana kumbovapo hadzina kubvira dzataurwa. Muchokwadi, hapana munhu munhoroondo yese yechiKristu (kunyangwe nevatsoropodzi vekare vechihedheni vakaita saCelsus kana Lucian) akatsigira zvakanyanyisa Jesu wengano kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Dzimwe dzidziso dzakatsauka, seGnosticism kana Donatism, dzaive dzakafanana nebundu rakaomarara pakapeti. Unogona kuvabvisa panzvimbo imwechete kungoita kuti vazoonekwazve mazana emakore gare gare, asi nhema "dzidziso dzenhema" hapana kwainowanikwa muChechi yekutanga. Saka, chii chinowanzoitika: kuti Chechi yekutanga yaivhima nekuparadza nhengo dzese dzechiKristu chengano kuitira kudzivirira kupararira kwehunyengeri uye zviri nyore havana kumbobvira vanyora nezvazvo, kana kuti maKristu ekutanga vaive vasiri ngano uye saka vasiri c kwaive kusiri chinhu chekuti Madzibaba eChechi varatidzire? (Dzimwe ngano dzinopokana kuti dzidziso dzehunyengeri dzaisanganisira Jesu wengano, asi ini handiwane ichi chinogutsa. Ona iyi blog positi yekuramba kwakanaka kweiyi pfungwa.)
St. Paul aiziva vadzidzi vaJesu.
Vazhinji ngano vanobvuma kuti St. Paul aive munhu chaiye, nekuti tine tsamba dzake. Muna VaGaratiya 1: 18-19, Pauro anotsanangura kusangana kwake muJerusarema naPetro naJakobho, "hama yaIshe". Chokwadi dai Jesu aive munhu wekunyepedzera, imwe yehama dzake angadai akaziva nezvazvo (ona kuti muchiGiriki izwi rekuti hama rinogona kureva hama). Vaya vengano vanopa tsananguro dzinoverengeka dzeichi chikamu icho Robert Price anotora chikamu chezvaanoti "Gakava rakasimba kwazvo kupokana nedzidziso yaKristu-Yenhema". (The Christ Myth Theory uye Matambudziko Ako, peji 333).
Earl Doherty, ingano, inotaura kuti zita raJames rinogona kunge raireva boka revaJudha raitove mamoniki richizvidaidza kuti "hama dzaIshe" umo James anogona kunge aive mutungamiriri (Jesu: Hakuna Mwari kana Munhu, p. 61) . Asi isu hatina humbowo hunosimbisa kuti boka rakadai raivapo muJerusarema panguva iyoyo. Zvakare, Pauro anotsoropodza vaKorinde nekutaura kwavo kutendeka kune mumwe munhu, kunyangwe Kristu, uye nekudaro kwakakonzera kupesana mukati meChechi (1 Vakorinte 1: 11-13). Hazviite kuti Paul arumbidze James nekuve nhengo yeboka rakakamura (Paul Eddy naGregory Boyd, The Jesus Legend, peji 206).
Mutengo unoti zita iri rinogona kunge riri revo yekutevedzera kwaJakobho mumweya waKristu. Anokumbira munhu anonyanyisa muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe wechiChinese uyo akazvidaidza kuti "munin'ina waJesu" seuchapupu hwedzidziso yake yekuti "hama" zvinogona kureva muteveri mumweya (p. Asi muenzaniso kure kure kubva muchirevo chepakutanga Palestine chinoita kuti kufunga kwaPrice kuve kwakaoma kugamuchira pane kungoverenga zvinyorwa.
Mukupedzisa, ini ndinofunga kune zvakawanda zvakanaka zvikonzero kufunga kuti Jesu ariko uye ndiye muvambi wesekete rechitendero mune XNUMXst century Palestine. Izvi zvinosanganisira humbowo hwatinahwo kubva kune mamwe mabhuku ebhaibheri, ivo Madzibaba eChechi, uye ufakazi hwaPauro hwakananga Ini ndinonzwisisa zvakanyanya zvimwe zvinogona kunyorwa pane uyu musoro, asi ini ndinofunga iyi yakanaka yekutanga nzvimbo kune avo vanofarira iyo (kazhinji internet yakavakirwa) nharo pane yenhoroondo yaJesu.