Tsika dzekushambidza kwemajuda
Mutsika yechiJuda, kugeza mawoko kunopfuura tsika yehutsanana. Zvinodiwa usati wawana chikafu panopihwa chingwa, kugeza mawoko ndiyo musimboti munyika yechitendero chechiJuda kupfuura tafura yekudyira.
Zvinoreva kushambidza kwemaoko echiJudha
MuchiHebheru, kugeza maoko kunonzi netilyat yadayim (nun-tea-lot yuh-die-eem). Munharaunda dzinotaura chiYiddish, tsika inozivikanwa se negel vasser (nay-gull vase-ur), zvinoreva kuti "nzara mvura". Kugeza mushure mekudya kunozivikanwa sa mayim achronim (my-eem ach-ro-neem), zvinoreva kuti "mushure memvura".
Pane nguva dzinoverengeka apo mutemo wechiJuda unoda kushambidza maoko, kusanganisira:
mushure mekurara kana kurara
mushure mekuenda kuimba yekugezera
abva kumakuva
usati wadya, kana chingwa chakabatanidzwa
mushure mekudya, kana "munyu weSodhoma" wakashandiswa
mabviro
Hwaro hwekugezwa mawoko muchiJuda pakutanga hwakanga huchienderana nebasa repatemberi nezvibayiro, uye zvinobva muTora munaEksodho 17-21.
Zvino Jehovha akataura naMozisi akati, “Uitewo mudziyo wokushambidzira wendarira, nechigadziko chawo chendarira, kuti ugeze nazvo; uiise pakati petende rokusangana nearitari, ndokuisa mvura mukati mayo. icho chaAroni navanakomana vake vachashambidza maoko avo netsoka dzavo ipapo. kana vapinda mutende rokusangana, vanofanira kuzvishambidza nemvura, iyo isingafi, kana voswedera paaritari vachiita basa, kupisira Jehovha chipiriso chinoitwa nomoto. Naizvozvo vachashambidza maoko avo netsoka, kuti varege kufa; unofanira kuva mutemo usingaperi kwavari, kwaari nokumbeu yake kusvikira kumarudzi avo ose.
Zvinoratidza kugadzirwa kwebheseni yekusukwa kwemaoko nemakumbo evapirisita ndiko kutaurwa kwekutanga kwemuitiro uyu. Mundima idzi, kutadza kushamba maoko kunoenderana nekukwanisa kufa, ndosaka vamwe vachitenda kuti vana vaAaron vakafa muna Revhitiko 10.
Mushure mekuparadzwa kweTembere, zvakadaro, pakange paine shanduko pakutarisana nekushamba maoko. Pasina zvinhu zvetsika nemabatiro ezvibayiro uye vasina zvibayiro, vapristi vaisakwanisa kushamba maoko avo.
Vanarabhi, vasingade kuti kukosha kwetsika yekugeza maoko kukanganwike pakavakwa (Tatu) Tembere, vakaendesa utsvene hwechibairo cheTembere kutafura yekumba yekudyira, iyo yakazova mizenz yemazuva ano kana aritari.
Neshanduko iyi, vanarabhi vakaita nhamba isingaverengeke yemapeji - chinyorwa chose - cheTalmud kune halachot (verenga) yekugeza maoko. Inonzi Yadayim (maoko), chinyorwa ichi chinotaura nezve tsika yekugeza maoko, mashandiro ayo, mvura ipi inonzi yakachena, zvichingodaro.
Netilyat yadayim (kushambidza maoko) inowanikwa ka345 nguva muTalmud, inosanganiswa muEruvin 21b, apo rabbi anoramba kudya achiri mutirongo asati awana mukana wekugeza maoko.
Vanarabhi vedu vaidzidzisa: R. Akiba akambovharirwa mutirongo [nevaRoma] uye R. Joshua, mugadziri wejecha, aiwanzoenda. Zuva rega rega, huwandu hwemvura hwakaunzwa kwaari. Pane imwe nhambo akagamuchirwa nomutariri wetorongo uyo akamuudza, kuti: “Mvura yako nhasi yakakura zvikuru; pamwe urikumbira kuti zvishorere jeri? " Akadurura imwe hafu ndokumutambidza imwe hafu. Paakasvika kuna R. Akiba, wekupedzisira akati kwaari: "Joshua, hauzive here kuti ini ndiri murume mutana uye hupenyu hwangu hunotsamira pane hwako?" Apo wekupedzisira paakamuudza zvese zvakange zvaitika [R. Akiba] akati kwaari: "Ndipewo mvura yekugeza maoko." "Hazvichakwanise kunwa," akamhan'ara mumwe wacho, "zvingave zvakakwana here kugeza maoko ako?" "Chii chandingaite", chakapindura chekutanga: "riini [kuregeredza] mazwi evaRabhi anofanirwa nerufu? Zvirinani kuti ini ndofa pane zvandinofanira kudarika ndichipesana nemaonero evamwe vangu ”akange asina chaakaravira kusvikira mumwe wacho amuigira mvura yekugeza maoko.
Kushambidza maoko mushure mekudya
Pamusoro pekushambidza maoko pamberi pekudya nechingwa, vazhinji vechitendero chechiJudha vanoshambidzawo mushure mekudya, inonzi achronim mayim, kana mushure memvura. Kwakatangira izvi kunobva munyu uye nhoroondo yeSodhoma neGomora.
Sekureva kwaMidrash, mukadzi waRoti akashanduka kuita mbiru mushure mekutadza nemunyu. Zvinoenderana nenyaya, vatumwa vakakokwa kumba naRoti, uyo aida kuita mitzvah yekuva nevaenzi. Akakumbira mukadzi wake kuti avape munyu iye ndokupindura achiti, "Kunyange tsika yakashata iyi (yekubata vaenzi zvakanaka nekuvapa munyu) chii chaunoda kuita muno muSodhoma?" Nekuda kwechivi ichi, zvakanyorwa muTalmud,
R. Juda, mwanakomana waR. Hiyya, akati: Sei [vaRabhi] vakati raive basa rakashoma kushambidza maoko avo mushure mekudya? Nekuda kweimwe munyu weSodhoma unoita kuti maziso asaone. (Bhabhironi Talmud, Hullin 105b).
Iyi munyu weSodhoma yaishandiswawo mukushandiswa kwezvinonhuwira zveTembere, saka vapristi vaifanira kugeza mushure mekuribata nekutya kuenda bofu.
Kunyangwe vazhinji vasingacherechedze chiitiko ichi nhasi nekuti vazhinji maJuda pasi rese havabike kana munyu neIsrael, tisingataure Sodhoma, kune avo vanoti itea halacha (mutemo) uye kuti maJuda ese ngaaite mutsika yemayim achronim.
Maitiro ekushambidza maoko ako nemazvo (Mayim Achronim)
Mayim achronim ine yayo "maitiro ekuzviita", iyo isinganyanyo kubatanidzwa pane zvakajairika kugeza maoko. Kune vakawanda vanogeza maoko, kunyangwe usati wadya chingwa, iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera nhanho dziri pazasi.
Ita shuwa kuti une maoko akachena. Zvinoratidzika kunge zvinopokana, asi yeuka kuti netilyat yadayim (kushambidza maoko) haisi yekuchenesa, asi nezvetsika.
Zadza kapu nemvura yakaringana yeiri maoko. Kana iwe uri kuruboshwe-ruoko, tanga neruoko rweruboshwe. Kana iwe uine ruoko rworudyi, tanga neruoko rwerudyi.
Dururira mvura kaviri paruoko rwako rune simba uyezve kaviri kune rumwe rutivi. Vamwe vanodurura katatu, kusanganisira Chabad Lubavitchers. Ita shuwa kuti mvura inovhara ruoko rwese kumusoro kune ruoko nejeti yega yega uye nekuparadzanisa minwe kuti mvura ibate ruoko rwese.
Mushure mekugeza, tora tauro uye paunenge uchiomesa maoko ako uchidzokorora bracha (chikomborero): Baruch atah Adonai, Elohenu Melech Ha'Olam, asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav, vetzivanu al netilat yadayim. Ropafadzo iyi inoreva kuti, muChirungu, wakakomborerwa iwe, Ishe, Mwari wedu, mambo wepasi rose, akatinatsa nemirairo Yake uye akatiraira maererano nekusukwa kwemaoko.
Kune vazhinji vanoti chikomborero vasati vatooma maoko. Mushure mekugeza maoko, maropafadzo asati ataurwa pachingwa, edza kusataura. Kunyangwe iyi iri tsika uye isiri halacha (mutemo), zvakajairika munharaunda yevaJudha vechitendero.