St. John Chrysostom, Mutsvene wezuva remusi wa13 Gunyana
(c. 349 - Gunyana 14, 407)
Nyaya yaSt. John Chrysostom
Kusanzwisisika uye kupokana kwakakomberedza Johane, muparidzi mukuru (zita rake rinoreva kuti "nemuromo wegoridhe") weAntiokia, hunhu hwehupenyu hwemurume wese mukuru muguta guru. Akaunzwa kuConstantinople mushure memakore gumi nemaviri ebasa rehupirisita muSyria, John akazviwana ave munhu aizeza zano reumambo rekumugadza kuti ave bhishopi muguta gurusa muhumambo. Ascetic, asingafarire asi aine chiremerera uye achinetsekana nemudumbu maronda emazuva ake mugwenga semumonk, John akazova bhishopi pasi pegore rezvematongerwo enyika eumambo.
Kana muviri wake wainge usina kusimba, rurimi rwake rwaive nesimba. Zvemukati memharidzo dzake, tsananguro yeMagwaro, zvaisambove nedudziro. Dzimwe nguva iyo poindi yairova vepamusoro uye vane simba. Dzimwe mharidzo dzaitora kusvika maawa maviri.
Mararamiro ake padare ramambo haana kukosheswa nevazhinji vematare. Akapa tafura ine mwero kune episcopal vanobata kumeso vachitenderedza kumambo uye nekereke. John akazvidza mutemo wedare uyo wakamupa pamberi pevakuru vakuru vehurumende. Aisazove murume akachengetwa.
Kushingairira kwake kwakamutungamira mukuita sarudzo. Mabhishopi anga apinda muhofisi abviswa pachigaro. Mazhinji emharidzo dzake aidaidzira matanho ekongiri ekugovana hupfumi nevarombo. Vapfumi havana kufarira kunzwa kubva kunaJohani kuti pfuma yepachivande yaivepo nekuda kwekudonha kwaAdam kubva munyasha, chero varume vakaroora vaisada kunzwa kuti vakasungirirwa kutendeseka kwemuchato sezvakaita vakadzi vavo. Pakasvika kururamisiro nerudo, John haana kuziva zvakapetwa kaviri.
Akasungwa, ane simba, akataura pachena, kunyanya paakatanga kufara papurupiti, John aive chinangwa chaicho chekushoropodzwa nedambudziko remunhu. Akapomerwa mhosva yekuzvinyudza pachivande pawaini yakawandisa uye nezvakanaka chikafu. Kuvimbika kwake semutungamiriri wezvemweya kuchirikadzi yakapfuma, Olympias, kwakakonzera makuhwa mazhinji mukuedza kumuratidza munyengeri munyaya dzeupfumi nekuchena. Zviito zvake zvakatorwa pamusoro pemabhishopi asina kukodzera muAsia Minor zvakaonekwa nevamwe vafundisi sekuwedzeredza uye kusiri kwemanyorerwo masimba ake.
Theophilus, Archbishop weAlexandria, uye Empress Eudoxia vakatsunga kushora John. Theophilus akatya kukosha kuri kukura kwabhishopi weConstantinople uye akashandisa izvi kupomera John nezvekusimudzira dzidziso dzakatsauka. Theophilus nevamwe mabhishopi vakatsamwa vakatsigirwa naEudoxia. Mambokadzi akashatirirwa mharidzo dzake dzaipesanisa hunhu hweEvhangeri nekuwedzeredza kwehupenyu hwedare ramambo. Kunyangwe vaizvifarira kana kwete, mharidzo dzinotaura nezve Jezebheri akasviba nehuipi hwaHerodias zvakabatana nemambokadzi, uyo akazobudirira mukutapa John. Akafira muutapwa muna 407.
Kufungisisa
Kuparidza kwaJohn Chrysostom, neshoko nemuenzaniso, zvinoratidza basa remuporofita kunyaradza vanotambura nekutambudza avo vakasununguka. Nekuvimbika kwake uye neushingi, akabhadhara mutengo wehushumiri husina kugadzikana sabhishopi, kuzvidza uye hutapwa.