San Junipero Serra, Musande wezuva waChikunguru 1st
(24 Mbudzi 1713 - 28 Aug 1784)
Nhoroondo yeSan Junipero Serra
Muna 1776, iyo American Revolution payakatanga kumabvazuva, imwe nzvimbo yeramangwana United States yakanga ichibuda muCalifornia. Gore iro goridhe-rakapfeka Franciscan yakavamba Mission San Juan Capistrano, ikozvino inozivikanwa nemamwena ayo anodzoka gore rega rega. San Juan yaive yechinomwe pamisheni pfumbamwe yakagadzwa pasi pekutungamira kweSpain iyi isingakundike.
Akazvarwa pachitsuwa cheSpain cheMallorca, Serra akapinda muFranciscan Order achitora zita remudiki shamwari yaSt. Francis, Hama Juniper. Kusvikira makore makumi matatu nemashanu, aipedza yakawanda yenguva yake mukirasi, kutanga semudzidzi wezvechitendero uyezve sepurofesa. Akavewo akakurumbira nekuparidza kwake. Pakarepo akasiya zvese ndokutevera chishuwo chakange chatanga makore apfuura apo paakanzwa nezvebasa reumishinari reSan Francesco Solano muSouth America. Chido chaJunipero chaive chekushandura vanhu vemuno kuenda kuNyika Itsva.
Achisvika nengarava muVera Cruz, Mexico, iye nemumwe wake vakafamba mamaira mazana maviri kuenda kuMexico City. Pakati penzira gumbo rekuruboshwe raJunipero rakatapukirwa nechirwere chechipembenene uye raizoramba riri muchinjikwa - dzimwe nguva kutyisidzira hupenyu - kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Kwemakore gumi nemasere aishanda pakati peMexico uye Baja peninsula. Akave purezidhendi wemamishinari ipapo.
Pinda mune zvematongerwo enyika: kutyisidzirwa kwekupinda kweRussia kumaodzanyemba kubva kuAlaska. Charles III weSpain akarayira rwendo rwekurova Russia kunharaunda. Zvino vakundi vaviri vekupedzisira - mumwe wemauto, mumwe mumweya - vakatanga kutsvaga kwavo. José de Galvez akakurudzira Junipero kuti aende naye kuMonterey yanhasi, California. Basa rekutanga rakamisikidzwa mushure merwendo rwemamaira mazana mapfumbamwe kuenda kuchamhembe yaive San Diego muna 900. Mugore iroro kushomeka kwechikafu kwakapotsa kwamisa rwendo urwu. Achivimbisa kuva pamwe nevanhu vemo, Junipero uye mumwe muvirimi vakatanga novena mukugadzirira Zuva raSt.Joseph, Kurume 1769, zuva rekubva. Musi iwoyo ngarava yekununura yakasvika.
Mamwe mamishoni akatevera: Monterey / Carmel (1770); San Antonio naSan Gabriel (1771); San Luís Obispo (1772); San Francisco naSan Juan Capistrano (1776); Santa Clara (1777); San Buenaventura (1782). Mamwe gumi nemaviri akaumbwa mushure mekufa kwaSerra.
Junipero akaita rwendo rurefu kuenda kuMexico City kunogadzirisa kusawirirana kukuru nemukuru wemauto. Akasvika padanho rerufu. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive izvo chaizvo zvaitsvakwa naJunipero: iyo inozivikanwa "Mitemo" yaidzivirira maIndia nemamishini. Iwo waive hwaro hwemutemo wekutanga wakakosha muCalifornia, "Bhiri rekodzero" revaNative America.
Sezvo maNative America akararama hupenyu husiri-hwevanhu kubva mumaonero eSpanish, mafiraya vakave avo vanovachengeta zviri pamutemo. MaIndia ekuAmerica akachengetwa kumamishinari mushure mekubhabhatidzwa nekutya huwori mune dzavaimbogara, danho rakatungamira mukuchema kwe "kusaruramisira" kubva kune vamwe vemazuva ano.
Hupenyu hweumishinari hwaJunipero yaive hondo refu yekurwisa kutonhora uye nzara, nevatungamiriri vemauto vasingafadzi uye kunyangwe nenjodzi yekufa kune vagari vasiri vechiKristu. Mune zvese izvi kushingaira kwake kusingadzimiki kwakasimudzirwa nemunamato manheru ega ega, kazhinji kubva pakati pehusiku kusvika kwaedza. Akabhabhatidza vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu uye akasimbisa zviuru zvishanu. Kufamba kwake kwaizofamba kutenderera nyika. Izvo zvakaunza maNative American kwete chete chipo chekutenda, asiwo hunhu hwakanaka hwehupenyu. Rudo rwavo rwakakunda, sezvakaratidzwa pamusoro pese nekurwadziwa kwavo kwekufa kwake. Akavigwa muMission San Carlo Borromeo, Carmelo, uye akapihwa mbiri muna 6.000. Pope Francis vakamugadza pachigaro muWashington, DC musi waGunyana 5.000, 1988.
Kufungisisa
Izwi rinonyatsotsanangura Junipero kushingaira. Iwo waive mweya wakabva mumunamato wake wakadzama uye kuda kusatya. "Nguva dzose kumberi, kusadzoka" yaive motto yake. Basa rake rakabhadharwa kwemakore makumi mashanu mushure mekufa kwake, sezvo mamwe mamisheni akavambwa mune mamwe mararamire echiKristu enharaunda nemaIndia. Kana makaro ese ekuMexico neAmerica paakakonzera kusaziva kwemamishinari, vanhu vekwaChumash vakadzokera kune zvavaimbove: Mwari vakanyora zvakare nemitsara yakakombama.