St. Thomas Aquinas, chiremba wevatumwa
Thomas Aquinas, wezana ramakore regumi nematatu wechiDominican, aive nyanzvi yezvechitendero, muzivi uye mununuri wekereke yekare. Aisave akanaka kana kudikitira, aive achirwara needema nemeso akapenga akaburitsa huso hwakaremara. Iye anoremerwa pamusoro peanorema, achinyara munharaunda, kutaura zvishoma, akave achinzi "nzombe mbeveve" nevaaidzidza navo kuyunivhesiti. Nekudaro, Thomas Aquinas anozivikanwa nhasi sezwi rakanyanya kukosha mune yehunyanzvi dzidziso uye kududzirwa kweBhaibheri kweMiddle Ages.
Kurumidza
Inozivikanwa ne: Dominican friar uye ane mukurumbira munyori uye wechechi wezvechitendero weMiddle Ages
Akazvarwa: 1225, muRoccasecca, Italy
Vakafa: Kurume 7, 1274, Fossanova Abbey, Fossanova, Italy
Vabereki: Verenga Lundulf yeAvino uye Teodora, Countess yeTeano
Dzidzo: Yunivhesiti yeNaples uye University of Paris
Akabudiswa mabasa: Summa Theologica (Pfupiso yeTheology); Summa Contra Vemamwe Marudzi (Pfupiso kurwisa Vemamwe Marudzi); Scriptum super Libros Sententiarium (taura pamusoro pemitsara); De anima (pane mweya); De Ente et Essentia (pakuva uye musimboti); De Verisisa (pachokwadi).
Nhaurwa inoshamisa: achiti Jesu Kristu aingova mudzidzisi akanaka, Thomas Aquinas akazivisa kuti: "Kristu ainyepa, anopenga kana Ishe."
Hupenyu hwepakutanga
Tommaso d'Aquino akaberekwa muna 1225 kuCount Lundulf yeAktino nemukadzi wake Teodora, mumuzinda wemhuri muRoccasecca, padyo neNaples, muHumambo hweSisily. Tomasi ndiye aive gotwe pahama sere. Mai vake vaive vakaverengera Teano. Kunyangwe vabereki vese vari vaviri vaisiyana nemukurumbira, mhuri yaionekwa seyakaremerwa zvakanyanya.
Paaive murume mudiki, achidzidza paUniversity yeNaples, Aquino akabatana muchivande neDominican Order yemapuranga. Akakwezvwa nekusimbisa kwavo dzidzo yekudzidza, hurombo, kuchena uye kuteerera kwehupenyu hwebasa remweya. Mhuri yake yakashora zvikuru sarudzo iyi, panzvimbo pezvo yaida kuti Thomas ave Benedictine uye ave nenzvimbo ine simba uye yakapfuma muchechi.
Nekutora matanho akanyanya, mhuri yaAvino yakamubata semusungwa kweanopfuura gore. Panguva iyoyo, ivo vakaomesa zano kuti vamuedze kubva panzira yake, vachimupa pfambi uye kunyange chinzvimbo chekuva bhishopi mukuru weNaples. Aquino akaramba kunyengedzwa uye akazotumirwa kuYunivhesiti yeParis - panguva iyoyo ndiyo nzvimbo huru yezvidzidzo zveEuropean - kudzidza dzidziso. Ikoko akawana dzidzo yepamusoro yezvidzidzo zvouMwari yakakwanisika pasi pekutungamirirwa naAlbert the Great. Achikurumidza kunzwisisa kugona uye kugona kwehunyanzvi hwaAvino, mupangamiri wake akazivisa kuti: "Ngatidanei murume wechidiki uyu nzombe isina mbeveve, asi mumwe wake mukudzidzisa achazombo rira pasi rose!"
Kutenda uye kufunga
Aquino akaziva kuti uzivi hwakanga huri hwayo munda waaida chaizvo kudzidza, asi akaedza kuwiriranisa nechiKristu. Mukufunga kwekudzamara, dambudziko rekuyananisa hukama pakati pekutenda nechikonzero rakatanga pamberi uye pakati. Achikwanisa kusiyanisa pakati pevaviri, Thomas Aquinas akaona dzidziso dzekutenda nedzidziso dzehungwaru dzekuti dzisapokane, asi sosi dzezivo idzo mbiri dzakabva kuna Mwari.
Sezvo Thomas Aquinas akachinja nzira nenjere dzaAristotle nenhungamiro yake mune dzidziso yake, akapikiswa semugadziri wematenzi mazhinji eParisisi mudzidziso. Varume ava vakatove nekusafarira zveDominicans neFranciscans. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vakapokana nekupinda kwake mumapurofesa. Asi apo papa pachavo akapindira, Aquino akakurumidza kubvumidzwa. Akapedza hupenyu hwake hwese achidzidzisa dzidziso muParis, Ostia, Viterbo, Anagni, Perugia, Bologna, Roma naNaples.
St. Thomas Aquinas anotarisira sakaramendi
St. Thomas Aquinas anotarisira sakaramendi; Mufananidzo kubva pakupenda naLouis Roux, 1877. De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana / Getty Mifananidzo
Chiremba wengirozi
Hunhu hwehungwaru hwaThomas Aquinas hwaive hwakachena zvekuti akagashira zita rekuti "Chiremba wengirozi". Kuwedzera paruzivo rwake rukuru rweMagwaro, akabatanidza mabasa makuru ese evaFata veKumabvazuva neChechi yeKereke, kunyanya Sant'Agostino, Pietro Lombardo naBoezio.
Muhupenyu hwake, Thomas Aquinas akanyora anopfuura makumi matanhatu emabasa kubva pakuratidzwa kweBhaibheri kusvika kuapologetics, uzivi uye theology. Paaive kuRoma, akapedzisa yekutanga yehunyanzvi hwake huviri, Summa Contra Vemamwe Marudzi, chipfupiso chekupepeta dzidziso iyi yakagadzirirwa kugonesa vasiri vatendi nezvekunzwisisa kwekutenda kwechiKristu.
Aquino aisangova chete munhu wezvidzidzo zvehungwaru, asi akanyorawo nziyo, akazvipira pamunamato uye akawana nguva yekupa zano vafundisi vake vekunamata. Inotaridzwa inyanzvi yake yekugona, Summa Theologica, haingori bhuku risingagumi pane dzidziso dzechiKristu, asiwo rinoshanda, huchenjeri-hupfumi chinongedzo chevafundisi nevatungamiriri veMweya.
Akasarudzika asara emubhaibheri anotsigira anosanganisira bhuku raJobho, chirevo chisina kuzadzikiswa paMapisarema, Isaya, tsamba dzaPaulo neEvangeri dzaJohane naMateo Akabudisawo chirevo pamabhuku mana eEvhesi akabatanidzwa zvakanyorwa kubva kunaMadzibaba eChechi yechiGreek neechiLatin ine musoro weGoridhe Chain.
Muna 1272, Aquino akabatsira kuwana chikoro cheDominican yezvidzidzo zvouMwari muNaples. Paaive kuNaples, musi waDecember 6, 1273, akave nechiratidzo cheshura mushure meruzhinji panguva yemutambo weSan Nicola. Kunyangwe aive akamboona zviratidzo zvakawanda kare, izvi zvaive zvakasiyana. Akagutsa Thomas kuti zvese zvaakanyora zvaive zvisina basa nekuda kwezvaakange aziviswa naMwari.Akakokwa kuti aenderere mberi nekunyora, Aquinas akamupindura: "Hapana chimwe chandingaite. Zvakavanzika izvi zvakazarurirwa kwandiri kuti zvese zvandakanyora izvozvi zvinoita kunge zvisina kukosha. " Aquino akaisa runyorwa rwake pasi uye haana kunyora chero izwi zvakare.
Kunyangwe raive iro rakakosha kwazvo uye richikurudzira basa, Summa Theologica akaramba asina magumo apo Aquino akazofa mushure memwedzi mitatu chete. Pakutanga kwa1274, Thomas akakokwa kuzotora chikamu muChipiri Council yeLyon kubatsira kubatsira kuvhariridza ganga rinokura pakati peChechi dzekuMabvazuva nedzemadokero. Asi hazvina kuzombouya kuFrance. Munguva yerwendo rwake netsoka, Thomas Aquinas akarwara uye akafa mukamuri yemamongi yeCistercian ye Abbey yeFossanova munaKurume 7, 1274.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Makore makumi mashanu mushure mekufa kwake, musi wa 18 Chikunguru 1323, Thomas Aquinas akaverengerwa naPapa John XXII uye neChechi yeRoma Katurike. Pane yegumi nemana yekare Council of Trent, yake Summa Theologica akakudzwa aine nzvimbo yakatanhamara padyo nebhaibheri. Muna 1567, Papa Pius V akagadza Thomas Aquinas "Chiremba weChechi". Uye muzana ramakore reXNUMX, Papa Leo XIII vakakurudzira kuti mabasa aAvino adzidziswe mumaseminari ese echiKaturike uye nehunyanzvi hwechitendero hwenyika.
Nhasi uno Thomas Aquinas achiri kufundwa nevadzidzi vebhaibheri uye vadzidzi vebhaibheri vezvinamato zvese, kusanganisira veevangelical. Aive mutendi akazvipira, asingatendende mukuzvipira kwake kuna Jesu Kristu, mukufunda kweRugwaro uye mumunamato. Mabasa ake haana nguva uye zvakafanira akakodzera kuverenga.