Na coronavirus e entsoe ka laboratoring? Rasaense oa araba

Ha coronavirus ea lipale e bakang COVID-19 e namela lefats'eng ka bophara, ha linyeoe li se li feta 284.000 lefats'eng ka bophara (Hlakubele 20), tlhahiso-leseling e hasana ka potlako.

Khopolo-taba e phehellang ke hore vaerase ena, e bitsoang SARS-CoV-2, e entsoe ke bo-ramahlale mme ea phonyoha laboratoring e Wuhan, China, moo seoa se qalileng teng.

Tshekatsheko e ntjha ya SARS-CoV-2 e ka qetella e kentse mohopolo wa morao hore o phomole. Sehlopha sa bafuputsi se ile sa bapisa genome ea padi ena ea coronavirus le li-coronavirus tse ling tse supileng tse tsejoang ho tšoaetsa batho: SARS, MERS le SARS-CoV-2, tse ka bakang mafu a tebileng; hammoho le HKU1, NL63, OC43, le 229E, tseo hangata li bakang matšoao a bobebe feela, bafuputsi ba ngotse la 17 Hlakubele koranteng ea Nature Medicine.

"Ditlhahlobo tsa rona di bontsha ka ho hlaka hore SARS-CoV-2 ha se laboratori e ahang kapa vaerase e sebediswang ka tsela e ikgethang," ba ngola sengwaneng sa koranta.

Kristian Andersen, moprofesa e mong oa thuto ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le microbiology ho Scripps Research, le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba hlahloba mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa liprotheine tse hlaselang tse hlahang ka holim'a vaerase. Coronavirus e sebelisa li-spikes ho tšoara mabota a kantle a sele ea eona ebe e kenya lisele tseo. Ba shebile ka kotloloho tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ikarabellang bakeng sa likarolo tse peli tsa bohlokoa tsa liprotheine tsena tsa tlhoro: grabber, e bitsoang domain-binding domain, e hokelang ho amohela lisele; le sebaka seo ho thoeng ke cleavage se lumellang vaerase ho bula le ho kena liseleng tseo.

Tlhatlhobo ena e bonts'itse hore karolo e "hoketsoeng" ea tlhoro e fetohile ho lebisa motho ea amohelang kantle ho lisele tsa motho tse bitsoang ACE2, e amehang ho laoleng khatello ea mali. E sebetsa hantle haholo ho tlamang lisele tsa motho hoo bafuputsi ba reng liprotheine tsa spike e bile litholoana tsa khetho ea tlhaho eseng boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Lebaka ke lena: SARS-CoV-2 e amana haufi le vaerase e bakang lefu le matla la ho hema (SARS), le ileng la bipetsa ho potoloha le lefatše lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng. Bo-rasaense ba ithutile hore na SARS-CoV e fapana joang le SARS-CoV-2 - ka liphetoho tse 'maloa ho litlhaku tse kholo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Leha ho le joalo ka lipapiso tsa likhomphutha, liphetoho ho SARS-CoV-2 ha li bonahale li sebetsa hantle haholo ho thusa vaerase ho ikamahanya le lisele tsa motho. Hoja bo-ramahlale ba ne ba kentse vaerase ena ka boomo, ba ka be ba sa khetha liphetoho tseo meetso ea likhomphutha e reng li ke ke tsa sebetsa. Empa hoa fumaneha hore tlhaho e bohlale ho feta boramahlale, mme koronavona ea lipale e fumane mokhoa oa ho fetola se neng se le betere - ebile se fapane ka ho felletseng - ho tsoa ho eng kapa eng eo bo-rasaense ba ka beng ba e entse, thuto e fumane.

Nail e 'ngoe khopolong ea "ho baleha laboratori e mpe"? Sebopeho sa limolek'hule sa vaerase ena se fapane le li-coronaviruses tse tsebahalang mme se tšoana hantle le livaerase tse fumanoang ke bo-'mankhane le lipangoline tse neng li ithutiloe hanyane mme li sa tsejoe ho baka kotsi ea batho.

"Haeba motho e mong a ne a leka ho rala coronavirus e ncha e le pathogen, ba ka be ba e hahile ho tloha mokokotlong oa vaerase e tsebahalang e baka mafu," ho latela polelo ea Scripps.

Baerase e tsoa hokae? Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se ile sa rala maemo a mabeli a ka bang teng bakeng sa tšimoloho ea SARS-CoV-2 bathong. Ketsahalo e 'ngoe e latela lipale tsa tšimoloho ea li-coronavirus tse ling tsa morao-rao tse bakileng tšenyo ho baahi ba batho. Boemong boo, re tšoaelitsoe vaerase ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho liphoofolo - li-civets molemong oa SARS le likamele molemong oa Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Tabeng ea SARS-CoV-2, bafuputsi ba fana ka maikutlo a hore phoofolo eo e ne e le mankhane, e fetisetsang vaerase phoofolo e 'ngoe e mahareng (mohlomong pangolin, bo-rasaense ba bang ba boletse) e tsamaisang vaerase ho batho.

Boemong boo ho ka etsahalang hore, litšobotsi tsa lefutso tse etsang hore coronavirus e ncha e sebetse hantle ho tšoaetseng lisele tsa motho (matla a eona a pathogenic) li ka be li bile teng pele li fetela ho batho.

Boemong bo bong, litšobotsi tsena tsa likokoana-hloko li ka be li bile teng feela ka mor'a hore vaerase e fetele ho phoofolo ho ea ho batho. Li-coronavirus tse ling tse tsoang lipangoline li na le "sebopeho sa lihakisi" (sebaka seo se tlamang sa receptor) se ts'oanang le sa SARS-CoV-2. Ka tsela ena, pangolin e fetisitse vaerase ea eona ka kotloloho kapa ka ho sa tobang ho motho ea e amohelang. Kahoo, hang ha e se e le kahare ho motho, vaerase e ka be e bile teng e na le tšobotsi e 'ngoe e sa bonahaleng: sebaka sa marang-rang se e lumellang hore e kenelle habonolo liseleng tsa motho. Hang ha bokhoni bona bo ntlafalitsoe, bafuputsi ba re coronavirus e tla ba matla le ho feta ho hasana lipakeng tsa batho.

Lintlha tsena tsohle tsa mahlale li ka thusa bo-ramahlale ho noha bokamoso ba seoa sena. Haeba vaerase e kene liseleng tsa motho ka sebopeho sa pathogenic, sena se eketsa menyetla ea ho phatloha hoa nako e tlang. Kokoana-hloko ena e ne e ntse e ka phalla ka har'a liphoofolo 'me e ne e ka tlolela ho batho, e ikemiselitse ho baka seoa. Empa menyetla ea ho phatloha ho joalo nakong e tlang e tlase haeba vaerase e lokela ho qala ho kena bathong ebe e fetoha likarolo tsa likokoana-hloko, bafuputsi ba boletse.