Yogacara: sekolo sa kelello e hlokolosi

Yogacara ("tloaelo ea yoga") ke lekala la filosofi la Mahayana Buddhism le ileng la hlaha India lekholong la bone la lilemo AD. Ts'usumetso ea lona e ntse e bonahala le kajeno likolong tse ngata tsa Buddhism, ho kenyeletsoa Tibetan, Zen le Shingon.

Yogacara e tsejoa hape e le Vijanavada, kapa Vijnana School hobane Yogacara e amehile haholo ka mofuta oa Vijnana le mofuta oa boiphihlelo. Vijnana ke o mong oa mefuta e meraro ea kelello e tšohloang mangolong a khale a Buddhist a joalo ka Sutta-Pitaka. Vijnana hangata e fetoleloa ka Senyesemane e le "tlhokomeliso", "tsebo" kapa "tsebo". Ke oa bohlano ho ba Skandha ba bahlano.

Tšimoloho ea Yogacara
Le ha likarolo tse ling tsa tšimoloho ea tsona li lahlehile, rahistori oa Borithane Damien Keown o bolela hore Yogacara ea pele haholo e kanna ea hokahanngoa le lekala la Gandhara la lequloana la khale la Mabuddha le bitsoang Sarvastivada. Bathehi e ne e le baitlami ba bitsoang Asanga, Vasubandhu le Maitreyanatha, bao kaofela ha bona ho nahanoang hore ba ne ba na le kamano le Sarvastivada pele ba sokolohela Mahayana.

Bathehi bana ba ile ba bona Yogacara e le khalemelo ea filosofi ea Madhyamika e ntlafalitsoeng ke Nagarjuna, mohlomong lekholong la bobeli la lilemo AD Ba ne ba lumela hore Madhyamika o atametse haufi le bohlanya ka ho totobatsa ho hloka thuso ha liketsahalo, leha Nagarjuna a sa lumellane.

Balateli ba Madhyamika ba qositse MaYogacarin ka ho rata lintho tse ngata kapa tumelo ea hore mofuta o mong oa 'nete ke ona o ipapisang le liketsahalo tsena, leha ho nyatsuoa hona ho bonahala ho sa hlalose thuto ea' nete ea Yogacara.

Ka nakoana, likolo tsa filosofi tsa Yogacara le Madhyamika e ne e le lireng. Lekholong la borobeli la lilemo, mofuta o fetotsoeng oa Yogacara o kopana le mofuta o fetotsoeng oa Madhyamika, mme filosofi ena e kopaneng e theha boholo ba motheo oa Mahayana kajeno.

Lithuto tsa mantlha tsa Yogacara
Yogacara ha se filosofi e bonolo ho e utloisisa. Litsebi tsa eona li qapile mefuta e tsoetseng pele e hlalosang hore na tlhokomeliso le boiphihlelo li kopana joang. Mefuta ena e fana ka lintlha ka botlalo kamoo libopuoa li utloang lefatše.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, Yogacara o shebane haholo le mofuta oa vijnana le mofuta oa boiphihlelo. Moelelong ona, re ka nahana hore vijnana ke karabelo e ipapisitseng le e 'ngoe ea matla a tšeletseng (leihlo, tsebe, nko, leleme,' mele, kelello) le e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse tšeletseng tse tsamaellanang (ntho e bonahalang, molumo, tatso ea monko, ntho tse bonahalang, leha ho le joalo) joalo ka ntho. Mohlala, kutlo ea pono kapa vijnana - ho bona - e na le leihlo e le motheo oa eona le ts'ebetso e bonahalang e le ntho ea eona. Kelello ea kelello e na le kelello (manas) e le motheo oa eona le mohopolo kapa mohopolo e le sepheo sa eona. Vijnana ke tlhokomeliso e tsamaeang le lefapha le ts'ebetso.

Ho mefuta ena e tšeletseng ea vijnana, Yogacara o kentse tse ling hape tse peli. Vijnana ea bosupa ke tlhokomeliso e thetsitsoeng kapa klista-manas. Mofuta ona oa tlhokomeliso o mabapi le monahano oa boithati o hlahisang menahano ea boithati le boikhohomoso. Tumelo ea motho ea arohaneng le ea ruri e hlaha ho vijnana ena ea bosupa.

Tsebo ea borobeli, alaya-vijnana, ka linako tse ling e bitsoa "tsebo ea lebenkele". Vijnana ena e na le maikutlo ohle a liphihlelo tse fetileng, tse fetohang peo ea karma.

Ho bonolo feela, Yogacara o ruta hore vijnana ke ntho ea 'nete, empa lintho tsa tlhokomeliso ha li na nnete. Seo re nahanang hore ke lintho tse kantle ke popo ea tsebo. Ka lebaka lena, Yogacara ka linako tse ling e bitsoa "sekolo sa kelello" feela.

E sebetsa joang? Boiphihlelo bohle bo sa bonesoang bo hlahisoa ke mefuta e fapaneng ea vijnana, e hlahisang boiphihlelo ba motho ka mong, ea ka ho sa feleng le merero ea thetso ea nnete. Ha ho fanoa ka leseli, mekhoa ena e habeli ea tlhokomeliso e ea fetoloa mme tlhokomeliso e hlahisoang e khona ho lemoha 'nete ka ho hlaka le ka kotloloho.

Yogacara ka ts'ebetso
"Yoga" ntlheng ena ke yoga ea ho thuisa e neng e le bohlokoa moetlong ona. Yogacara o boetse a totobatsa tloaelo ea Liketso tse Tšeletseng.

Baithuti ba Yogacara ba fetile mekhahlelo e mene ea kholo. Ho ea pele, moithuti o ithutile lithuto tsa Yogacara ho li tseba hantle. Ho ea bobeli, moithuti o fetela ka nqane ho likhopolo mme o kenella mekhahlelong e leshome ea kholo ea bodhisattva, e bitsoang bhumi. Karolong ea boraro, moithuti o qeta ho feta mekhahlelo e leshome mme o qala ho itokolla litšileng. Ka bone, litšila li tlositsoe mme moithuti o lemoha leseli.