IVatican ivula ngoovimba bakaPopu Pius XII beMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi

Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yoxinzelelo kubabhali-mbali nakumaqela amaJuda, i-Vatican ngoMvulo yaqala ukuvumela abaphengululi ukuba bafumane ugcino lukaPopu Pius XII, umphathi-mpikiswano weMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.

Amagosa eCawa yamaRoma Katolika ahlala anyanzelisa ukuba uPius enze konke okusemandleni ukusindisa ubomi bamaJuda. Kodwa wathula esidlangalaleni njengoko amaJuda angama-6 ezigidi abulawa kwiNkohlakalo.

Bangaphezulu kwe-150 abafundi abafake izicelo zokufunda amaxwebhu aphathelelene nobupopayi, obaqhubeka ukusuka ngo-1939 ukuya ku-1958. Ngokwesiqhelo, iVictoria ilinda iminyaka engama-70 emva kokuphela kobungqina bokuba uvulele izigcini zayo.

Ethetha noonondaba nge-20 kaFebruwari, oyintloko kumzi wogcino zincwadi eVictoria, uKhadinali José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, uthe bonke abaphandi, nokuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga, ukholo kunye neengcinga zamkelekile.

“Icawa ayoyiki zembali,” utshilo, evakalisa amazwi kaPopu Francis ngethuba ebhengeza iinjongo zakhe zokuvula uvimba wePius XII kunyaka ophelileyo.

Amagosa eCawa yamaRoma Katolika asoloko enyanzelisa ukuba uPopu Pius XII, oboniswe apha kumfanekiso ongabhalwanga, wenza konke okusemandleni ukusindisa ubomi bamaJuda. Kodwa wathula esidlangalaleni njengoko amaJuda angama-6 ezigidi abulawa kwiNkohlakalo.

Amaqela amaJuda akwamkela ukuvulwa koovimba. "Ngokumema ababhali-mbali kunye nabaphengululi ukuba bafikelele esidlangalaleni koovimba bolwazi kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi eVatican, uPope Francis ubonakalisa ukuzibophelela ekufundeni nasekusasazeni inyani, kunye nokubaluleka kokukhunjulwa ngenkohlakalo," utshilo. UMongameli we-World Jewish Congress uRonald S. Lauder kwingxelo.

UJohan Ickx, ongumgcini wethala leVatican, uthi abafundi banokufikelela ngokulula kwiifayile.

"Ngoku sidlulise ama-1 ezigidi zamaxwebhu afakwe kwikhompyuter kwaye adityaniswa ne-inventri yayo, ukunceda abaphandi bahambe ngokukhawuleza," utshilo.

Abo baphandi kudala belindile. Ihlaya laseJamani lika-1963, uSekela likaRolf Hochhuth, waphakamisa imibuzo malunga nendima yemfazwe kaPius kwaye wamtyhola ngokuthula okunzima kwi-Holocaust. Imizamo yeVatican yokumbetha yathintelwa ziinkumbulo eziseRoma zokuziphatha kwakhe ngakumaJuda esixeko ngexesha lokuthinjwa ngamaNazi.

Uqweqwe oluseludongeni ngaphandle kwikholeji yasemkhosini eRoma lukhumbuza ukuqokelelwa kwamaYuda ayi-1.259. Sifunda oku: “Ngo-Oktobha 16, 1943, zonke iintsapho zamaRoma ezaziqwengwe ngamakhaya ngamaNazi zaziswa apha zaza zasiwa kwiinkampu zokubulawa kwabantu. Ngaphezulu kwabantu abayi-1.000 16, bali-XNUMX kuphela abasindileyo ”

Ilitye eliseRoma likhumbuza ukuhlanganiswa nokugxothelwa kweentsapho zamaJuda kwiinkampu zamaNazi ngo-Okthobha 16, 1943. "Kubantu abangaphezu kwe-1000 16, bali-XNUMX kuphela abasindayo," latsho elo litye.
USylvia Poggioli / NPR
Indawo le ikumgama nje weemitha ezingama-800 ukusuka eSt.Peter's Square - "phantsi kweefestile zikapopu", njengoko kuchaziwe nguErnst von Weizsacker, owayengunozakuzaku waseJamani eVatican, ebhekisa kuHitler.

UDavid Kertzer weYunivesithi yaseBrown ubhale kakhulu koopopu nakumaYuda. Uphumelele ibhaso likaPulitzer ngo-2015 ngencwadi yakhe ethi The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe, on the predecessor of Pius XII, and has reserved a desk in the Vatican archives for the next four months.

UKertzer uthi kuninzi okwaziwayo malunga nento eyenziwe nguPius XII. Kuninzi kakhulu okwaziwayo malunga nokuxabana kwangaphakathi kwiminyaka yemfazwe eVietnam.

"Siyazi ukuba [uPius XII] akakathathi manyathelo eluntwini," utshilo. “Akakhange akhalazele uHitler. Kodwa ngubani eVatican owayenokumbongoza ukuba enjenjalo? Ngubani onokumcebisa ukuba alumke? Olu luhlobo lwento endicinga ukuba siza kuyifumana okanye sinethemba lokuyifumana ”.

Njengababhali-mbali becawa, uMassimo Faggioli, ofundisa ezakwalizwi kwiYunivesithi yaseVillanova, unomdla ngendima kaPius emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, ngexesha loMlo obandayo. Ngokukodwa, uyabuza, ngaba amagosa eVatican angenelele kunyulo lwase-Italiya ngo-1948, xa kwabakho ithuba lokwenyani leqela lamaKomanisi?

Umbhalo wesandla sikaPopu Pius XII ubonakala kuyilo lwentetho yakhe yango-1944, eboniswe ngexesha lotyelelo olukhokelwayo losasazo lwethala leencwadi eVictoria uPope Pius XII nge-27 kaFebruwari.

Uthi: “Ndingathanda ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonxibelelwano olwalukho phakathi kwe-Vatican State Secretariat ne-CIA,” utshilo. "Ngokuqinisekileyo uPope Pius wayeqinisekile ukuba kufuneka akhusele umbono othile wenkcubeko yobu-Yurophu eYurophu kubukomanisi".

UKertzer uqinisekile ukuba iCawa yamaKatolika yoyikiswa yiNkohlakalo. Ngapha koko, amawakawaka amaYuda afumana ikhusi kwizindlu zoonongendi zamaKatolika e-Itali. Kodwa into anethemba lokuyiqonda ngcono kugcino lukaPius yindima edlalwe yicawe kwiidemon zamaYuda.

"Abona baphambili bezinto ezazingcolisa amagama amaJuda kumashumi eminyaka yayingengombuso, yayiyicawa leyo," utshilo. "Wayehleba amaJuda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 ukuya kuthi ga ekuqaleni kweNkohlakalo, ukuba yayingekho kuyo, kubandakanya neempapasho ezinxulumene neVatican."

Oku, utshilo uKertzer, yile nto iVatican ekufuneka ijongane nayo.