Ubusisiwe uJohn Duns Scotus, oNgcwele wosuku lomhla ziyi-8 kuLwezi
Ongcwele wosuku lwango-8 Novemba
(cishe ngo-1266 - Novemba 8, 1308)
Indaba ka-John Duns Scotus obusisiwe
Indoda ethobekile, uJohn Duns Scotus ube ngomunye wamaFranciscans anethonya elikhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Wazalelwa eDuns esifundeni saseBerwick, eScotland, uJohn wayevela emndenini ocebile wokulima. Eminyakeni eyalandela, wakhonjwa njengoJohn Duns Scotus ukukhombisa izwe lakubo; IScotia igama lesiLatin laseScotland.
UJohn wathola umkhuba we-Friars Minor eDumfries, lapho umalume wakhe u-Elias Duns ayephakeme khona. Ngemuva kwesikole sakhe sokuqala, uJohn wafunda e-Oxford naseParis futhi wagcotshwa njengompristi ngo-1291. Izifundo ezengeziwe zalandelwa eParis kwaze kwaba ngu-1297, lapho ebuyela esifundweni e-Oxford naseCambridge. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, wabuyela eParis ukuyofundisa nokuqedela izidingo zobudokotela.
Ngesikhathi lapho abantu abaningi bamukela yonke imiqondo yokucabanga ngaphandle kweziqu, uJohn wagcizelela ukunotha kwesiko lika-Augustinian-Franciscan, wakwazisa ukuhlakanipha kukaThomas Aquinas, u-Aristotle kanye nezazi zefilosofi ezingamaSulumane - futhi wakwazi ukuba ngumcabangi ozimele. Leyo mfanelo yaboniswa ngo-1303, lapho iNkosi uPhilip the Fair izama ukufaka iYunivesithi yaseParis ohlangothini lwayo engxabanweni noPapa Boniface VIII. UJohn Duns Scotus akavumanga futhi wanikezwa izinsuku ezintathu zokuba ahambe eFrance.
Ngesikhathi sikaScotus, ezinye izazi zefilosofi zaziphikisa ngokuthi abantu banqunywa ngokuqinile ngamandla angaphandle kwabo. Inkululeko yokuzikhethela iyinkohliso, baphikisa. Indoda ehlale isebenza, uScotus uthe uma eqala ukushaya umuntu ophika inkululeko yokuzikhethela, lowo muntu uzomtshela ngokushesha ukuthi akayeke. Kepha uma uScotus engenayo inkululeko yokuzikhethela, angayeka kanjani? UJohn wayenekhono lokuthola imifanekiso abafundi bakhe ababengayikhumbula!
Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhashana e-Oxford, uScotus wabuyela eParis, lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe zobudokotela ngo-1305. Waqhubeka nokufundisa lapho futhi ngo-1307 wavikela ngobuciko i-Immaculate Conception of Mary kangangokuba inyuvesi yasamukela ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sakhe. Ngawo lowo nyaka ungqongqoshe omkhulu wamnikeza isikole saseFranciscan eCologne lapho uJohn ashonela khona ngo-1308. Ungcwatshwe esontweni laseFranciscan eduze kwesonto elikhulu elidumile laseCologne.
Ngokuya ngomsebenzi kaJohn Duns Scotus, uPapa Pius IX wachaza ngokusobala uMqondo Ongcwele Wokukhulelwa kukaMariya ngo-1854. UJohn Duns Scotus, "uDokotela Onobuqili", wahlonishwa ngo-1993.
Ukuzindla
Ubaba uCharles Balic, u-OFM, isiphathimandla esiholayo ku-Scotus wekhulu lama-XNUMX, wabhala: “Yonke imfundiso yenkolo yaseScotus ibuswa umcabango wothando. Isici salolu thando inkululeko yaso ephelele. Lapho uthando luphelela ngokwengeziwe futhi lushuba ngokwengeziwe, inkululeko iba ngehlonipheke kakhulu futhi ihlanganiswe kokubili kuNkulunkulu nakumuntu