Buddhism: indima yeDalai Lama enkolweni yamaBuddha
Ubungcwele bakhe i-Dalai Lama kaningi kukhulunywa ngabo emithonjeni yezindaba yase Ntshonalanga ngokuthi "iNkosi-uNkulunkulu". AbaseNtshonalanga batshelwa ukuthi amaDalai Lamas ahlukahlukene abesebusa amaTibet amakhulu eminyaka bekungukuzalwa kabusha, hhayi owomunye nomunye, kodwa futhi nangonkulunkulu waseTibetan onesihawu, uChenrezig.
Abantu baseNtshonalanga abanolwazi oluthile lobuBuddha bathola lezi zinkolelo zamaTibet zixaka. Okokuqala, ubuBuddha kwenye indawo e-Asia "abusikho emcabangweni" ngomqondo wokuthi akuxhomekile ekukholweni konkulunkulu. Okwesibili, ubuBuddha bufundisa ukuthi akukho lutho olunamandla okuziqhenya. Ngakho-ke “ungazalwa kanjani kabusha”?
UbuBuddha nokuphindukuzalwa
Ukuphindukuzalwa kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukuzalwa kabusha komphefumlo noma ingxenye ngokwako komunye umzimba". Kepha ubuBuddha bususelwa emfundisweni yomuntu osungula umzimba, obizwa nangokuthi i-anatta, ophika ubukhona bomphefumlo noma ongapheli, umuntu uqobo. Bheka "Kuyini i-Self? ”Ngemininingwane eningilizayo.
Uma kungekho mphefumulo womuntu uqobo noma ozimele, umuntu angaphinde azalwe kanjani? Futhi impendulo iwukuthi akekho ongaphindukuzalwa ngoba igama elijwayelekile liqondwa ngabaseNtshonalanga. UbuBuddha bufundisa ukuthi kukhona ukuzalwa kabusha, kepha akuyena umuntu ohlukile ozelwe kabusha. Bheka "iKarma nokuzalwa kabusha" ukuze uthole izingxoxo ezingaphezulu.
Amandla namandla
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lapho ubuBuddha banda besiya e-Asia, izinkolelo zangaphambi kwamaBuddha konkulunkulu bendawo zazivame ukuthola indlela ezikhungweni zasendaweni ezingamaBuddha. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngeTibet. Inani elikhulu labalingiswa bezinganekwane benkolo yangaphambi kwamaBuddha uBon uhlala eThibetan Buddhist iconography.
Ingabe amaTibetans ayishiya imfundiso ka-Anatman? Akunjalo impela. AmaTibetan abheka yonke into njengendalo engqondo. Le yimfundiso esekelwe kwifilosofi ebizwa ngeYogacara futhi itholakala ezikoleni eziningi zeMahayana Buddhism, hhayi kuBudetan Buddhism kuphela.
AbaseTibet bakholelwa ukuthi uma abantu nezinye izinto ziyizidalwa zengqondo, futhi onkulunkulu namademoni nakho kuyindalo yomqondo, khona-ke onkulunkulu namademoni abekho ngokwangempela noma ngaphansi kwangempela kunenhlanzi, izinyoni nabantu. UMike Wilson uyachaza: “Namuhla amaBuddha amaTibetan athandaza konkulunkulu futhi asebenzise iziqhumane, njengeBon, futhi akholelwa ukuthi umhlaba ongabonakali ugcwele zonke izinhlobo zamandla namandla ukuba angatatazelelwa, noma ngabe kuyinto eyenzeka ngengqondo ngaphandle umuntu oqonde ngaphakathi ”.
Amandla angaphansi kwaphezulu
Lokhu kusiletha embuzweni osebenzayo wokuthi angakanani amandla amaDalai Lamas empeleni ayenamandla ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwaseChina ngo-1950. Yize emcabangweni, iDalai Lama yayinegunya laphezulu, ekuqhubeni kwayo kwakumelwe enze izimbangi zamahlelo nezingxabano nabacebile nabacebile nomthelela njenganoma yisiphi esinye isepolitiki. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amanye amaDalai Lamas abulawa izitha zamahlelo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okuyi-Dalai Lamas emibili kuphela ngaphambi kwaleyo ekhona manje esebenza njengezinhloko zombuso kwakungu-5 Dalai Lama no-13th Dalai Lama.
Kunezikole eziyisithupha eziphambili zeBuddan Buddhism: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug, Jonang kanye neBonpo. IDalai Lama iyindela emisiwe evela kwenye yalezi, isikole sakwaGelug. Yize eyi-lama esesikhundleni esiphakeme kakhulu esikoleni saseGelug, akayena umholi ngokusemthethweni. Le ndondo ingeyesikhulu esinqunyiwe okuthiwa nguGanden Tripa. Yize ungumholi ongokomoya wabantu baseTibetan, akanalo igunya lokucacisa izimfundiso noma imikhuba ngaphandle kwesikole sakwaGellug.
Wonke umuntu ungunkulunkulu, akekho umuntu unkulunkulu
Uma iDalai Lama kuwukuphindukuzalwa kabusha noma ukuboniswa kabusha noma ukubonakaliswa kukankulunkulu, lokho bekungeke yini kumenze abe ngaphezu komuntu emehlweni amaTibet? Kuya ngokuthi igama elithi "unkulunkulu" liqondakala futhi lisetshenziswe kanjani.
Ubuddha baseTibetan busebenzisa kakhulu i-tantra yoga, ehlanganisa amasiko nezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo kakhulu, i-tantra yoga kuBuddha imayelana nokuchaza ubunkulunkulu. Ngokuzindla, ukucula neminye imikhuba, i-tantric ibeka okwangaphakathi kube yaphezulu futhi ibe nguNkulunkulu, noma okungenani iveze ukuthi imelelani ubunkulunkulu.
Isibonelo, ukwenza i-tantra nonkulunkulu wobubele kungavusa ububele ku-tantricka. Kulokhu, kungahle kunembe ngokwengeziwe ukucabanga ngonkulunkulu abahlukahlukene njengento efana ne-archetypes yaseJungian kunokuba izidalwa zangempela.
Futhi, eMahayana Buddhism zonke izidalwa ziyizibonakaliso noma izici zazo zonke ezinye izidalwa nazo zonke izidalwa ngokuyisisekelo imvelo kaBuddha. Beka enye indlela, sonke singabanye - onkulunkulu, ama-buddhas, izidalwa.
UDalai Lama waba kanjani umphathi weTibet
Kwakungu-5th Dalai Lama, uLobsang Gyatso (1617-1682), owaqala ukubusa wonke amaTibet. I "Great Fifth" yakhe umfelandawonye wezempi nomholi waseMongolia uGushri Khan. Lapho abanye abaholi ababili baseMongol nombusi waseKang, umbuso wasendulo waseCentral Asia, behlasela iTibet, uGushri Khan wabahlula futhi wazibiza inkosi yaseTibet. Ngakho-ke uGushri Khan wamukela uDalai Lama wesihlanu njengomholi ongokomoya futhi ongowesikhashana kaTibet.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, emva kwe-Great Fifth, ukulandelana kukaDalai Lama kwakuyimpawu enkulu ngaphandle kwamandla wangempela kuze kube yilapho uDalai Lama eqala ukuthatha amandla ngo-13.
NgoNovemba 2007, uDalai Lama we-14 waphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka angaphinde azalwe, noma angakhetha uDalai Lama olandelayo ngenkathi esaphila. Lokhu bekungeke kungazwakali ngokuphelele, ngoba ngesikhathi sobugudlamaBuddha kubhekwa njengokukhohlisayo futhi ngoba ukuzalwa kabusha akuyona into eyodwa. Ngiyakuqonda ukuthi kuye kwaba nezinye izimo lapho i-lam high ephezulu yazalwa khona ngaphambi kokufa kwangaphambilini.
Ubungcwele bakhe bukhathazekile ukuthi amaShayina azokhetha futhi afake iDalai Lama ye-15, njengoba enza nePanchen Lama. I-Panchen Lama ingumholi wesibili ophakeme kakhulu ngokomoya eTibet.
NgoMeyi 14, 1995, iDalai Lama yakhomba umfana oneminyaka eyisithupha ogama lakhe uGedhun Choekyi Nyima njengokuphindukuzalwa kabusha kwePanchen Lama. NgoMeyi 17 umfana kanye nabazali bakhe baboshelwe eChina. Kusukela lapho abakaze babonwe noma balalelwe. Uhulumeni waseChina wakhetha omunye umfana, uGyaltsen Norbu, njengesikhulu se-1995 uPanchen Lama futhi wamthumela esihlalweni sobukhosi ngoNovemba XNUMX.
Akukho sinqumo esenziwe njengamanje, kepha uma sinikezwe isimo eTibet, kungenzeka ukuthi ukusungulwa kweDalai Lama kuzophela lapho uDalai Lama we-14 eshona.