UbuBuddha: kungani amaBuddha ekugwema ukunamathela?
Umgomo wokunganamatheli ubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekusebenzeni ubuBuddha, kepha njengemibono eminingi yalefilosofi yenkolo, ungadida futhi udumaze labo abasanda kufika.
Ukusabela okunjalo kuvamile phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga, lapho beqala ukuhlola ubuBuddha. Uma ngabe le filosofi imayelana nenjabulo, babuza, pho kungani kuthatha isikhathi eside ukusho ukuthi impilo igcwele ukuhlupheka (dukkha), ukuthi ukunganamatheli kungumgomo nokuthi ukuqashelwa kokungabi nalutho (shunyata) kuyinjongo Isinyathelo sokukhanyiselwa?
UbuBuddha ngempela ifilosofi yenjabulo. Enye yezizathu zokudideka phakathi kwabafikayo iqiniso lokuthi imiqondo yamaBuddha inemvelaphi yayo olimini lwesiSanskrit, amagama awo angavunyelwa ukuhunyushelwa esiNgisini kalula. Okunye iqiniso lokuthi uhlaka lomuntu uqobo lokubhekisisa lwaseNtshona luhluke kakhulu kolwamasiko aseMpumalanga.
Amaphuzu okufanele ukhunjulwe: umgomo wokunganamatheli kuBuddha
Amaqiniso amane amahle ayisisekelo sobuBuddha. Bakhululwa yiBuddha njengendlela eya e-nirvana, isimo sentokozo engapheli.
Yize amaqiniso aseNoble eqinisekisa ukuthi impilo iyahlupheka nokuthi ukunamathela kungenye yezimbangela zalokhu kuhlupheka, la magama akuzona izinguqulo ezithembekile zamagama aseSanskrit asekuqaleni.
Igama elithi dukkha lingahunyushwa kangcono ngokuthi "ukungoneliseki" kunokuhlupheka.
Akukho ukuhumusha okuqondile kwegama upadana, okubizwa ngokuthi okunamathiselwe. Umqondo ugcizelela ukuthi isifiso sokunamathela ezintweni siyinkinga, hhayi ukuthi kufanele udele konke okuthandwayo.
Ukunikeza inkohliso nokungazi okuphakela isidingo sokunamathiselwa kungasiza ekuqedeni ukuhlupheka. Lokhu kufezwa yiNoble Eightfold Path.
Ukuqonda umqondo wokunginamathiseli, udinga ukuqonda indawo okuyo ngesakhiwo esejwayelekile sefilosofi nokuzijwayeza kukaBuddha. Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zobuBuddha zaziwa ngokuthi "amaqiniso amane amahle".
Okuyisisekelo kobuBuddha
Iqiniso lokuqala elihle: impilo iyahlupheka
I-Buddha ifundise ukuthi impilo njengoba sazi namuhla igcwele ukuhlupheka, ukuhumusha kwesiNgisi okusondele kakhulu egameni elithi dukkha. Leli gama linezincazelo eziningi, kufaka phakathi "ukungagculiseki", okungahle kube ukuhumusha okungcono kunalokho kokuthi "ukuhlupheka". Ukusho ukuthi impilo ihlupheka ngomqondo wamaBuddha kusho ukusho ukuthi noma ngabe siyaphi, silandelwa umuzwa ongacacile wokuthi izinto azinelisi ngokuphelele, azilungile ngokuphelele. Ukuqashelwa kwalokhu kunganeliseki yilokho amaBuddha akubiza ngokuthi iqiniso lokuqala elihle.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukwazi isizathu salokhu kuhlupheka noma ukunganeliseki futhi lokhu kuvela emithonjeni emithathu. Okokuqala, asijabule ngoba asiqondi ngempela uhlobo lweqiniso lwezinto. Lokhu kudideka (i-avidya) kuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokungazi futhi umgomo wayo ubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi asikwazi ukubumbana kwezinto zonke. Ukwenza isibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi kukhona "mina" noma "mina" okhona ngokuzimela futhi ohlukile kuzo zonke ezinye izehlakalo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungukungaqondi okuyinhloko okuvezwe ubuBuddha futhi unesibopho sezizathu ezimbili ezilandelayo zokuhlupheka.
Iqiniso lesibili elihle: Nazi izizathu zokuhlupheka kwethu
Ukusabela kwethu kulokhu kungaqondi mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwethu nomhlaba kuholela ekunamathiseleni / ukunamathiselwa noma ukuzonda / ukuzonda Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi igama lesiSanskrit lomqondo wokuqala, upadana, alinakho ukuhunyushwa okuqondile kwesiNgisi; okushiwo yiwo uqobo "kungabambeka", noma kuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "okunamathiselwe". Ngokufanayo, igama lesiSanskrit elisho "ukuphikiswa / inzondo", i-devesha, futhi alinakho ukuhumusha okungokoqobo kwesiNgisi. Ngokubambisana, lezi zinkinga ezintathu - ukungazi, ukunamathisela / ukunamathisela kanye ne-antipathy - kwaziwa ngokuthi amaPhoyinti Amathathu futhi ukuqashelwa kwawo yiQiniso leBili leSibili.
Iqiniso lesithathu elihle: kungenzeka ukuqeda ukuhlupheka
UBuddha ubuye wafundisa nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ungahlupheki. Lokhu kusenhliziyweni yethemba elihle likaBuddha: ukuqashelwa ukuthi i-dukkha ingamiswa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulahla inkohliso nokungazi okuphakela okunamathiselwe / okunamathiselwe kanye nokuphambana / inzondo eyenza impilo ingagculisi. Ukuqedwa kwalokhu kuhlupheka kunegama elaziwa cishe yiwo wonke umuntu: i-nirvana.
Iqiniso lesine elihle: nansi indlela yokuqeda ukuhlupheka
Ekugcineni, uBuddha wafundisa uchungechunge lwemithetho nezindlela ezisebenzayo ukusuka esimweni sokungazi / ukunamathela / ukungathandi (dukkha) ukuya esimweni saphakade senjabulo / ukwaneliseka (nirvana). Phakathi kwalezi zindlela kukhona i-Eight Fold Path edumile, uchungechunge lwezincomo zokuphila ezisebenzayo eziklanyelwe ukuhambisa abasebenza emigwaqweni emikhulu yaseNirvana.
Umgomo wokunganamathiseli
Ukunganamathiseli empeleni kuyikhambi enkingeni yokunamathiselwa / enamathiselwe echazwe kwiqiniso lesibili Noble. Uma okunamathiselwe noma okunamathiselwe kuyisimo sempilo enganelisi, kusobala ukuthi ukunganamathiseli kuyisimo esifanele ukweneliseka kwempilo, isimo se-nirvana.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, nokho, ukuthi uMkhandlu WamaBuddhist awuzukuhlwitha abantu empilweni yakho noma kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, kodwa kunalokho ngokumane ubone ukunamathela okungenakuqalwa ekuqaleni. Lokhu ngumehluko obalulekile phakathi kwefilosofi yamaBuddha nabanye. Ngenkathi ezinye izinkolo zifuna ukuthola isimo somusa ngokusebenza ngokuzikhandla nangokuzimisela ngenkuthalo, ubuBuddha bufundisa ukuthi sijabule kakhulu nokuthi kumayelana nokuyeka nokuyeka imikhuba yethu emibi. kanye nemibono yethu ukuze sikwazi ukuzwa umongo weBuddahood. kithi sonke.
Lapho senqaba ukukhohlisa kokuthi sine- "ego" ekhona ngokwahlukana nangokuzimela yabanye abantu ne-phenomena, sivele sikubone kungadingekile ukuzisula ngoba besihlala sixhumana nazo zonke izinto. umzuzu.
Uthisha weZen uJohn Daido Loori uthi ukunganamatheli kufanele kuqondwe njengobumbano nazo zonke izinto:
"Ngokombono wamaBuddha, ukunamathela ngokungahambelani kuhluke kakhulu ngokwahlukana. Ukuze ube nokunamathiselwe udinga izinto ezimbili: into enamathiselwe kuyo kanye nalokho okunamathelayo. - Ukuhlasela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunobunye, kukhona ubunye ngoba akukho okubophayo. Uma uhlangene nomhlaba wonke, akukho lutho ngaphandle kwakho ukuze umbono wokunamathiselwa ube okungenangqondo. Ngubani ozogxila kulokho? "
Ukuphila ngokunganamathiseli kusho ukuthi siyaqaphela ukuthi akukaze kube khona lutho ukugxila noma ukunamathela endaweni yokuqala. Futhi kulabo abakwazi ukukubona ngokweqiniso, isimo senjabulo ngempela.