Buddhism: okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezindela zamaBuddha
Indela eyi-Buddhist enguBuddha egqoke amawolintshi iye yaba yinto ebabazekayo eNtshonalanga. Imibiko yakamuva yezindela zamaBuddha ezinobudlova eBurma ziveza ukuthi azihlali ziguqekile. Futhi akuwona wonke umuntu ogqoka izingubo zamawolintshi. Abanye babo abayitoho imifino yezinyoni ezihlala ezindlini zezindela.
Indela yamaBuddha yi-bhiksu (Sanskrit) noma bhikkhu (pali), ngikholwa ukuthi igama elithi esetshenziswa kaningi. Kubizwa ngokuthi (cishe) bi-KOO. U-Bhikkhu usho into efana "nesinxibi".
Yize uBuddha ongokomlando wayenabafundi bezwe, ubuBuddha bokuqala babunkulu kakhulu. Kusukela izisekelo zobuBuddha, i-sangha engu-monastic iyisitsha esikhulu esasigcina ubuqotho be-dharma futhi sidlulisela ezizukulwaneni ezintsha. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izindela zingothisha, izifundiswa nabefundisi.
Ngokungafani nezindela eziningi ezingamaKristu, i-bhikkhu egcwele noma i-bhikkhuni (nun) kuBuddha nayo ilingana nompristi. Bona i- "Buddhist dhidi yobuKhrestu monasticism" ngokuqhathanisa okwengeziwe phakathi kwezindela zamaKristu nezikaBuddha.
Isiko lesiko lohlu
I-oda langempela le-bhikkhus ne-bhikkhunis lasungulwa yi-Buddha yomlando. Ngokwesiko lamaBuddha, ekuqaleni wawungekho umcimbi wokugcotshwa ngokusemthethweni. Kepha njengoba inani labafundi lalikhula, uBuddha wamukela izinqubo ezinamandla, ikakhulukazi lapho abantu babegcotshwa abafundi asebekhulile ekubeni u-Buddha engekho.
Enye yemigatshana ebaluleke kakhulu eyabikwa uBuddha ukuthi ibhiskhthi eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele kwakudingeka ukuthi libekhona ekugcotshweni kwe-bhikkhus ne-bhikkhus ne-bhikkhunis egcotshwe ngokuphelele ekugcotshweni kwe-bhikkhunis. Uma kwenziwa, lokhu kuzodala umugqa ongaphazamiseki wama-oda abuyela emuva ku-Buddha.
Lokhu kushiwo kudale usiko lohlu lohlu oluhlonishwayo - noma cha - kuze kube namuhla. Akuyona yonke imiyalo yabefundisi kuBuddha abathi bahlala esiko lohlanga, kodwa abanye bayayenza.
Iningi le-Theravada Buddhism kukholakala ukuthi ligcine imvelaphi engaphazanyiswa ye-bhikkhus kepha hhayi i-bhikhathun, ngakho-ke iningi labantu baseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia banqatshelwa ukugcotshwa ngokuphelele ngoba akusekho ukugcotshwa okugcwele kwe-bhikwhunis ukubamba iqhaza ekugcotshweni. . Kunenkinga efanayo kuBuddha waseTibetan ngoba kuvela ukuthi imigqa ye-Bhikkhuni ayikaze idluliselwe eTibet.
Vinaya
Imiyalo yemiyalo yezezimali okuthiwa i-Buddha igcinwa eVinaya noma eVinaya-pitaka, enye "yamabhasikidi" amathathu e-Tipitaka. Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, noma kunjalo, kunezinguqulo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zeVinaya.
AmaBuddha amaTravada alandela i-Pali Vinaya. Ezinye izikole zeMahayana zilandela ezinye izinguqulo eziye zagcinwa kwamanye amahlelo okuqala obuBuddha. Futhi ezinye izikole, ngasizathu simbe, azisalandeli noma iyiphi i-Vinaya ephelele.
Isibonelo, iVinaya (zonke izinguqulo, ngikholwa) idinga ukuba izindela nezinyanya ukuba zingashadi ngokuphelele. Kepha ngekhulu le-19, umbusi waseJapan wabuyisa ukungashadi embusweni wakhe futhi wayala izindela ukuba zishade. Namuhla, indela yaseJapan ngokuvamile kulindeleke ukuba ishade futhi ibe nobaba bezindela abancane.
Amazinga amabili oku-oda
Ngemuva kokushona kukaBuddha, i-sangha yaseMonatu yamukela imikhosi emibili yokuhlukanisa. Owokuqala uhlobo lokuhleleka kwabaqalayo okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuma ekhaya" noma "ukuhamba". Imvamisa, ingane kumele okungenani ibe neminyaka eyi-8 ukuze ibe yi-novice,
Lapho ama-novice efika eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 ubudala, angacela i-oda eliphelele. Imvamisa, izidingo zokhokho ezichazwe ngaphezulu zisebenza kuphela kuma-oda ephelele, hhayi kumiyalo yokuqala. Ama-oda amaningi we-Buddhism alondoloze uhlobo oluthile lohlelo loku-oda olunezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Akukho neyodwa yama-oda okuyisibopho sokuphila konke. Uma umuntu efisa ukubuya azonikela ngokuphila, angakwenza lokho. Ukwenza isibonelo, owesi-6 uDalai Lama wakhetha ukunikezela ukugcotshwa kwakhe futhi waphila njengomuntu ongcolisayo, nokho wayesenguDalai Lama.
Emazweni ase Theravadin aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kunesiko lakudala lentsha elithatha ukugcotshwa kwabaqalayo futhi liphile njengezindela isikhathi esifushane, kwesinye isikhathi kube ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, bese libuyela ukuyophila.
Impilo ye-Monastic nomsebenzi
Imiyalo yokuqala ye-monastic icele ukudla kwabo futhi bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bezindla nokutadisha. I-Theravada Buddhism iyaqhubeka nalesi siko. I-Bhikkhus incike kwizipho zokuphila. Emazweni amaningi aseTheravada, izindela ze-novice ezingenathemba lokugcotshwa ngokuphelele kufanele zibe ngababusi bezindela.
Ngenkathi uBuddha efika eChina, izindela zazithola zisenkambeni engavumi ukuncenga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izindlu zezindela zaseMahayana sezizimele ngokwanele futhi imisebenzi yasendlini - ukupheka, ukuhlanza, ukufaka izingadi - ziye zaba yingxenye yokuqeqeshwa okwenziwa ngezimali hhayi nje ama-novices.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, akuyona into ezwa ukuthi i-bhikwhus ne-bhikkhunis emisiwe bahlala ngaphandle kwesigodlo sezindela futhi bagcine umsebenzi. EJapan nakwamanye ama-oda waseTibetan, angahlala ngisho nomlingani nezingane.
Mayelana nezingubo
Izambatho zeMon Buddhist zitholakala ngemibala eminingi, kusuka ku-orange ovuthayo, nsundu obomvu nobphuzi, kuya komnyama. Baphinde beza ngezitayela eziningi. Inombolo ye-orange yezinsimbi zekonki yesithonjana ngokuvamile ibonwa kuphela eSoutheast Asia.