Ikhaya lisho ukuthi "abakhethiweyo" kumaJuda
Ngokwenkolelo yobuJuda, amaJuda yiwona abakhethiweyo ngoba bakhethwa ukwenza umqondo wonkulunkulu oyedwa waziwe emhlabeni. Konke kwaqala ngo-Abhrahama, obudlelwano bakhe noNkulunkulu buchazwe ngokwesiko ngezindlela ezimbili: noma ngabe uNkulunkulu wakhetha u-Abrahama ukusabalalisa umqondo wokuthanda uNkulunkulu oyedwa, noma u-Abrahama wakhetha uNkulunkulu phakathi kwabo bonke onkulunkulu ababedunyiswa osukwini lwakhe. Kodwa-ke, umqondo "wokukhetha" wawusho ukuthi u-Abrahama nenzalo yakhe babenomthwalo wemfanelo wokwabelana nabanye ngezwi likaNkulunkulu.
Ubuhlobo bukaNkulunkulu no-Abrahama nama-Israyeli
Kungani uNkulunkulu no-Abrahama benobudlelwano obukhethekile eTorah? Umbhalo awusho. Ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngoba ama-Israyeli (kamuva owaziwa njengamaJuda) ayeyisizwe esinamandla. Ngempela, incwadi kaDuteronomi 7: 7 ithi: "Akungenxa yokuthi muningi ukuthi uNkulunkulu unikhethile, impela nina nincane kunabantu."
Noma isizwe esinebutho elikhulu laphakade kungenzeka kube yisinqumo esizwakalayo kunazo zonke sokusakaza izwi likaNkulunkulu, impumelelo yabantu abanamandla kangako ngabe ibangelwa amandla ayo, hhayi amandla kaNkulunkulu. Ekugcineni, ithonya lalokhu Lo mbono awubonakali kuphela ekusindeni kwabantu abangamaJuda kuze kube manje, kodwa futhi nasemibonweni yemfundiso yobuKristu nobuSulumane, bobabili bethonywe inkolelo yamaJuda kuNkulunkulu oyedwa.
UMose kanye neNtaba iSinayi
Enye ingxenye yokukhetha ihlobene nokwamukelwa kweTorah nguMose nama-Israyeli eNtabeni iSinayi. Ngalesi sizathu, amaJuda aphindaphinda isibusiso esibizwa ngeBirkat HaTorah ngaphambi kwerabi noma omunye umuntu ofunda iTorah ngesikhathi senkonzo. Umugqa ovela kulesibusiso ukhuluma ngomqondo wokukhetha futhi uthi: "Udunyisiwe, Adonai uNkulunkulu wethu, uMbusi womhlaba, ngokusikhetha kuzo zonke izizwe nokusinika iTorah kaNkulunkulu." Kunengxenye yesibili yesibusiso ekhulunywa ngemuva kokufunda i-Torah, kepha ayisho ekukhetheni.
Ukuhunyushwa okungalungile kokukhetha
Umqondo wokukhetha uvame ukungaqondwa kahle ngabangewona amaJuda njengesimemezelo sokuphakama noma ngisho nokucwasa. Kepha inkolelo yokuthi amaJuda angabakhethiweyo empeleni ayihlangene nohlanga noma ubuzwe. Impela, ukukhetha akuhlobene kangako nalo mjaho kangangokuba amaJuda akholelwa ukuthi uMesiya uzokwehla kuRuthe, owesifazane ongumMowabi oguqukele ebuJudeni futhi udaba lwayo lubhalwe "Ebhayibhelini likaRuthe" wasebhayibhelini.
AmaJuda akakholelwa ukuthi ukuba yilungu labantu abakhethiweyo kubanikeza amathalente akhethekile noma kubenza babe ngcono kunomunye umuntu. Engqungqutheleni yokukhetha, iNcwadi ka-Amose ize ifike ithi: “Nguwe kuphela okhethe kuyo yonke imindeni yomhlaba. Kungakho ngikumema ukuthi uchaze bonke ububi bakho ”(Amose 3: 2). Ngale ndlela, amaJuda abizelwa ukuba abe "ukukhanya kwezizwe" (u-Isaya 42: 6) ngokwenza okuhle emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa i-gemilut hasidim (izenzo zomusa wothando) kanye ne-tikkun olam (ukulungisa umhlaba) .Kodwa amaJuda amaningi anamuhla bazizwa bengakhululekile ngegama elithi "abantu abakhethiwe". Mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, uMaimonides (isazi sefilosofi esingumJuda esidala) akazange aklelise kuZimpawu Zakhe Eziyisisekelo Ezi-13 Zokholo LwamaJuda.
Imibono ekukhetheni ukunyakaza okuhlukile kwamaJuda
Ukunyakaza okuphezulu okukhulu kobuJuda: UbuJuda obuguquliwe, ubuJuda be-Conservative kanye nobuJuda obu-Orthodox buchaza umqondo wabantu abakhethiwe ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
UbuJuda obuguqukile babona umqondo wabantu abakhethiweyo njengengathekiso ngezinqumo esizenzayo ezimpilweni zethu. Onke amaJuda angamaJuda ngokuzikhethela ngoba umuntu ngamunye kumele enze isinqumo, ngasikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zawo, ukuthi ufuna noma aphile amaJuda noma cha. Njengoba nje uNkulunkulu akhetha ukunika iTorah kuma-Israyeli, amaJuda anamuhla kumele anqume ukuthi afuna ukuba nobudlelwano noNkulunkulu.
I-Conservative Judaism ibona umqondo wokukhetha njengefa eliyingqayizivele lapho amaJuda ekwazi ukungena ebudlelwaneni noNkulunkulu futhi enze ushintsho emhlabeni ngokusiza ukudala umphakathi onobubele.
UbuJuda bobu-Orthodox bubheka umqondo wabantu abakhethiweyo njengobizo olungokomoya olubopha amaJuda kuNkulunkulu ngeTorah ne-mizvot, lapho amaJuda ayeyalwe ukuba yingxenye yezimpilo zawo.