Yini i-Hanukkah kumaJuda?
IHanukkah (kwesinye isikhathi iChanukah ehunyushwe ngayo) iyiholide lamaJuda eligubha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili nobusuku obuyisishiyagalombili. Iqala ngomhla ka-25 enyangeni yesiHeberu yeKislev, ehambelana nokuphela kukaNovemba-wokuphela kukaDisemba wekhalenda lomhlaba.
NgesiHeberu, igama elithi "hanukkah" lisho "ukuzinikela". Leli gama lisikhumbuza ukuthi lo mgubho wokukhumbula ukunikezelwa okusha kwethempeli elingcwele eJerusalema ngemuva kokunqoba kwamaJuda amaGrikhi aseSyria ngo-165 BC.
Indaba kaHanukkah
Ngo-168 BCE, ithempeli lamaJuda lahlulwa amasotsha amaSyria namaGreek futhi lanikezelwa ekukhulekeleni unkulunkulu uZeus. Lokhu kwaphatha kabi amaJuda, kodwa abaningi besaba ukusabela ngoba besaba ukuphindiselwa. Ngakho-ke ngo-167 BC umbusi wamaGrikhi wase-Syria u-Antiochus wenza ukugcinwa kobuJuda kujeziswa ngokufa. Wayala nawo wonke amaJuda ukuthi akhonze onkulunkulu bamaGrikhi.
Ukuphikiswa kwamaJuda kwaqala edolobhaneni laseModiin eduze kwaseJerusalema. Amasosha amaGrikhi aqoqana ngempoqo amadolobhana angamaJuda futhi awatshela ukuthi akhothamele isithombe, bese eyidla inyama yengulube, yomibili imikhuba eyayenqatshelwe kumaJuda. Isikhulu samaGrikhi saya kuMatathias, umpristi ophakeme, ukuthi avume izicelo zabo, kodwa uMatathias wenqaba. Lapho kufika omunye umhlali ekhaya wathi uzosebenzisana noMatatia, umPristi Ophakeme wathukuthela wathukuthela. Wadonsa inkemba yakhe wabulala umhlali, wabe esevula isikhulu samaGrikhi, naye wambulala. Izingane zakhe ezinhlanu kanye nezinye izakhamizi babe sebehlasela amasosha asele, bawabulala wonke.
UMatathias nomndeni wakhe bacasha ezintabeni, lapho amanye amaJuda ehlangene ayefisa ukulwa namaGrikhi. Ekugcineni, bakwazile ukubuyisa umhlaba wabo kumaGrikhi. Lezi zihlubuki zaziwa ngokuthi amaMaccabee noma amaHasmone.
Lapho amaMaccabee esebuyiselwe amandla, abuyela ethempelini laseJerusalema. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayesengcolisiwe ngokomoya ngokusetshenziswa kokukhulekelwa konkulunkulu bezinye izizwe nangemikhuba enjengokwenza umhlatshelo wezingulube. Amabutho amaJuda ayezimisele ukuhlanza ithempeli ngokushisa u-oyili wasendulo ethempelini le-menorah yezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Kepha bakhungatheka, bathola ukuthi kwakusalelwe usuku olulodwa lwamafutha ethempelini. Baqala ukukhangela imenyu, futhi, ngokumangala, ukuthi inani elincane lamafutha lahlala izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili.
Lesi yisimangaliso samafutha weHanukkah esivunywa minyaka yonke lapho amaJuda ekhanyisa i-menorah ekhethekile eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-hanukkiya yezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Amakhandlela akhanyiswe ngobusuku bokuqala beHanukkah, amabili kwesibili nokunye, kuze kukhanyiswe amakhandlela ayisishiyagalombili.
Okushiwo nguHanukkah
Ngokomthetho wamaJuda, iHanukkah ingenye yamaholide amaJuda abaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iHanukkah idume kakhulu emikhubeni yesimanje ngenxa yokusondela kwayo kuKhisimusi.
IHanukkah iwela ngosuku lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu lwenyanga yesiHeberu yeKislev. Njengoba ikhalenda lamaJuda lisuselwa enyangeni, usuku lokuqala lweHanukkah luba ngosuku oluhlukile unyaka nonyaka, ngokuvamile phakathi kokuphela kukaNovemba nokuphela kukaDisemba. Njengoba amaJuda amaningi ehlala emikhakheni yobuningi bobuKristu, iHanukkah isiphenduke imikhosi kakhulu futhi yafana nesikhathi sikaKhisimusi. Izingane ezingamaJuda zithola izipho zikaHanukkah, esivame ukuba yisipho ngobunye bobusuku besishiyagalombili beqembu. Abazali abaningi banethemba lokuthi ngokwenza uHanukkah akhetheke ngempela, izingane zabo ngeke zizizwe zishiywe ngaphandle kuwo wonke amaholide kaKhisimusi abazungezile.
Amasiko kaHanukkah
Umphakathi ngamunye unamasiko awo ahlukile weHanukkah, kepha kunamasiko athile enzelwa cishe indawo yonke. Yilezi: vula i-hanukkiyah, vula i-dreidel bese udla ukudla okuthosiwe.
Ukukhanyisa i-hanukkiya: minyaka yonke kuyisiko ukukhumbula isimangaliso samafutha kaHanukkah ngokukhanyisa amakhandlela ku-hanukkiyah. I-hanukkiyah ikhanyiswa njalo kusihlwa ubusuku obuyisishiyagalombili.
Ukuphawula i-dreidel: umdlalo odumile weHanukkah uphenya i-dreidel, okuyi-emaceleni amane izinhlangothi ezine ngezinhlamvu zesiHeberu ezibhaliwe ohlangothini ngalunye. I-Gelt, okuyizinhlamvu ze-chocolate co-coated, ziyingxenye yalo mdlalo.
Ukudla ukudla okuthosiwe: Njengoba uHanukkah egubha isimangaliso samafutha, kungokwesiko ukudla ukudla okuthosiwe okufana nama-latkes ne-sufganiyot ngesikhathi samaholide. Ama-Smoothies amazambane kanye namanyanisi ama-pancake, athosiwe emafutheni abese ekhonzwa nge-apula isoso. AbakwaSufganiyot (bebodwa: ama-sufganiyah) ngama-donuts agcwele jelly athosiwe futhi kwesinye isikhathi afafazwe ngoshukela oluyimpuphu ngaphambi kokudla.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zindlela, kunezindlela eziningi zokuzijabulisa zokugubha iHanukkah nezingane.