Kuyini imfihlakalo? Incazelo nezibonelo

Igama elithi mandicism lisuselwa egameni lesiGrikhi eliyimfihlakalo, elibhekisela ekusungulweni kwenkolo eyimfihlo. Kusho ukuphishekela noma ukufeza kwenhlanganyelo yomuntu siqu nokuhlangana noNkulunkulu (noma olunye uhlobo lweqiniso laphezulu noma lokugcina). Umuntu ophishekela futhi afeze lenhlanganyelo enjalo angabizwa ngokuthi ongaqondakali.

Ngenkathi okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimfihlakalo kungaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile akubonwa njengokwenzekile noma okuwumlingo. Lokhu kungadida ngoba amagama athi "imfihlakalo" (njengasekuqaleni kwegama elithi "Grande Houdini") nelithi "ongaqondakali" ahlobene kakhulu negama elithi "imfihlakalo" nelithi "imfihlakalo".

Ukuthatha okhiye: kuyini ukungaqondakali?
I-Mysticism isipiliyoni somuntu uqobo seqiniso noma saphezulu.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-the fantics azibonela njengengxenye yaphezulu; kwezinye izimo, bayazi ukuthi onkulunkulu uhlukile kubo.
Ama-Mystics abekhona kuwo wonke umlando, kuwo wonke umhlaba, futhi angaqhamuka kunoma iyiphi imvelaphi yenkolo, yobuzwe noma yezomnotho. I-Mysticism iseyingxenye ebalulekile yesipiliyoni senkolo namuhla.
Ezinye izimfihlakalo ezidumile zibe nomthelela omkhulu kwifilosofi, enkolweni nakwezepolitiki.
Ukuchazwa nokubuka konke kwemfihlakalo
Izimfihlakalo ziyaqhubeka futhi ziyaqhamuka emasikweni amaningi enkolo ahlukene kubandakanya ubuKristu, ubuJuda, ubuBuddha, ubuSulumane, ubuHindu, ubuTao, ​​izinkolo zaseNingizimu Asia kanye nezinkolo zokuphikisana nokukhohlisa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngempela, amasiko amaningi anikezela ngezindlela ezithile lapho abasebenza khona bengaba yimfihlakalo. Ezinye zezibonelo zemfihlakalo ezinkolweni zendabuko zifaka:

Isisho esithi "Atman is Brahman" in Hinduism, elihunyushwa ngokuthi "umphefumulo munye noNkulunkulu".
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamaBuddha kwe-tathata, okungachazwa ngokuthi "lokhu ngokoqobo" ngaphandle kokuqonda kwansuku zonke, noma okuhlangenwe nakho kweZen noma kweNirvana kuBuddha.
Isipiliyoni se-Jewish kabbalistic se-sefirot, noma izici zikaNkulunkulu, ezazivele zikuzwisise, zinganikeza ukuqonda okungajwayelekile kwindalo yaphezulu.
Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwamaShaman nemimoya noma ukuxhumana nomuntu waphezulu maqondana nokwelapha, ukuhumusha amaphupho, njll.
Ukuhlangenwe nakho kobuKristu kokwembulwa komuntu siqu okuvela noma ukuhlangana noNkulunkulu.
I-Sufism, igatsha eliyimfihlakalo le-Islam, lapho abasebenza khona belwela ukuhlangana naphezulu ngokusebenzisa "ukulala okuncane, ukuxoxa, nokudla okuncane".

Ngenkathi zonke lezi zibonelo zingachazwa njengezinhlobo zemfihlakalo, azifani komunye nomunye. KuBuddhism kanye nezindlela ezithile zobuHindu, ngokwesibonelo, imfihlakalo empeleni ihlangana futhi iyingxenye yaphezulu. EbuKristwini, ebuJudeni nase-Islam, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaqondisisi baxhumana futhi bazibandakanye nabaphezulu, kepha bahlala behlukile.

Ngokunjalo, kukhona labo abakholelwa ukuthi isipiliyoni esiyimfihlakalo se "qiniso "angeke sichazwe ngamazwi; okuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali noma okungachazeki kuvame ukuchazwa njenge-apophatic. Ngenye indlela, kunalabo abakholelwa ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali kungahle kuchazwe ngamazwi; Izimfihlakalo ze-kataphatic zenza izimangalo ezithile ngokuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali.

Abantu baba yimfihlakalo kanjani
I-Mysticism ayigcinelwe inkolo noma iqembu elithile labantu. Abesifazane kungenzeka njengamadoda (noma mhlawumbe kungenzeka) babe nokuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali. Isambulo nezinye izindlela zemfihlakalo zivame ukubonwa ngabampofu, abangafundile nabamnyama.

Kukhona izindlela ezimbili empeleni zokungaqondakali. Abantu abaningi balwela ukuhlangana naphezulu ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyehlukene engafaka noma yini kusuka ekuzindleni nasekuculeni kuye ezikhundleni ezibonisa ukuthambekela kwezidakamizwa. Abanye, ngokweqiniso, baye baphuthulwa imfihlakalo kubo ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okungeke kwenzeke okungafaka imibono, amaphimbo noma eminye imicimbi engeyona eyamabhizinisi.

Omunye wemfihlakalo edume kakhulu kwakunguJoan wase-Arc. UJoan wayeyintombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu engenayo imfundo esemthethweni eyayithi inemibono namaphimbo ezingelosi ezayiqondise ekuholeni iFrance ukunqoba iNgilandi ngesikhathi seMpi Yeminyaka eyi-Hundred. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uThomas Merton uyinkosi yeTrappist efundile kakhulu futhi ehlonishwayo enempilo enikele emthandazweni nasekubhaleni.

Ama-Mystics ngomlando
I-Mysticism ibilokhu iyingxenye yesipiliyoni somuntu emhlabeni kulo lonke umlando oqoshiwe. Ngenkathi imfihlakalo ingaba ngeyiliphi isigaba, uhlobo noma isizinda, yizihlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezibe nomthelela omkhulu emicimbini yefilosofi, yezombusazwe noma yenkolo.

Izimfihlakalo zasendulo
Kwakunemfihlakalo eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo. Abaningi, vele, babeyimfihlakalo noma baziwa ezindaweni zabo kuphela, kodwa abanye baye empeleni bashintsha inkambo yomlando. Ngezansi uhlu olufushane lokunye okunethonya kakhulu.

Isazi esikhulu sezibalo esingumGrikhi uPythagoras sazalwa ngonyaka ka 570 BC futhi sasaziwa kakhulu ngezambulo nezimfundiso zakhe ngomphefumulo.
Wazalwa cishe ngo-563 BC, uSiddhārtha Gautama (uBuddha) kuthiwa wakuthola ukukhanya lapho ehleli ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-bodhi. Izimfundiso zakhe zibe nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni.
Confucius. Wazalwa cishe ngonyaka wama-551 BC, uConfucius wayengusomaqhinga waseChina, isazi sefilosofi futhi eyimfihlakalo. Izimfundiso zakhe zazibalulekile osukwini lwakhe futhi sekubone ukuzalwa kabusha okudumile ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Izimfihlakalo zangesikhathi esidlule
NgeNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu, kwakukhona izimfihlakalo eziningi ezazithi zibona noma zizwe osanta noma zithole izindlela zokuhlangana nabaphelele. Ezinye zezindawo ezidume kakhulu ezifakiwe:

UMeister Eckhart, isazi semfundiso yenkolo saseDominican, umbhali nezimfihlakalo, wazalwa ngo-1260. I-Eckhart isabhekwa njengenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu kakhulu zaseJalimane futhi nemisebenzi yakhe isenamandla amakhulu.
USanta Teresa d'Avila, indelakazi yaseSpain, wayephila ngawo-1500s. Wayengomunye wababhali abaphambili, ababhali nabafundisi beSonto LamaKatolika.
U-Eleazar ben Juda, owazalwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-1100s, wayengumuntu ongumJuda futhi eyisazi ezincwadi zaso zisafundwa namuhla.
Izimanga zesikhathi esijana
I-Mysticism yaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yesipiliyoni senkolo kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi kuze kube namuhla. Eminye imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu yama-1700s nangale edlule ingalandelelwa emuva ekuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali. Izibonelo zifaka:

UMartin Luther, umsunguli weNguquko, wasekela ukucabanga kwakhe okuningi ngemisebenzi kaMeister Eckhart futhi kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumuntu ongaqondakali.
Umama u-Ann Lee, umsunguli wama Shaker, wabona imibono nezambulo ezamlethela e-United States.
UJoseph Smith, umsunguli weMormonism kanye ne-The Latter-day Saint harakati, waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngemuva kokuthola uhide lwemibono.
Ngabe imfihlakalo ingokoqobo?
Ayikho indlela yokufakazela ngokuphelele iqiniso lesipiliyoni esiyimfihlakalo somuntu. Impela, okuningi kwalokho okuthiwa okuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali kungaba ngumphumela wokugula kwengqondo, isithuthwane noma ukubona izinto ezingekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, izifundiswa zenkolo nezengqondo kanye nabaphenyi bavame ukuvuma ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimfihlakalo ze-fide kubalulekile futhi kubalulekile. Ezinye izihloko ezisekela lombono zifaka:

Ubungqayizivele besipiliyoni esiyimfihlakalo: bekulokhu kuyingxenye yesipiliyoni somuntu kuwo wonke umlando, emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwezici ezihlobene nobudala, ubulili, ingcebo, imfundo noma inkolo.
Umphumela Wokuhlangenwe nakho Okungaqondakali: Okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okuyimfihlakalo kube nokuchazwa okukhulu futhi okunzima ukuchaza umthelela kubantu emhlabeni jikelele. Imibono kaJoan wase-Arc, ngokwesibonelo, yaholela ekunqobeni kweFrance eMpi Yeminyaka Eyi-Hundred.
Ukungakwazi kodokotela bezinzwa kanye nabanye ososayensi besimanje ukuchaza okungenani okuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali njengokuthi "konke okusekhanda".
Njengoba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esikhulu nesazi sefilosofi uWilliam James sisho encwadini yakhe Izinhlobo zemiqondo yenkolo: ucwaningo ngesimo somuntu, “Yize zifana kakhulu nemizwa yokuzwa, izwe eliyimfihlakalo libonakala kulabo abazibonela ukuthi nabo bake baba yizifunda zolwazi . ..) Imibono futhi, njengomthetho, abalethela umuzwa wokufuna ukwazi we-post-time ".