Kuyini ukuqiniswa kwemvelo? Umhlahlandlela ophelele kulo mkhuba wenkolo
I-Monasticism kuwumkhuba ongokwenkolo wokuphila ohlukaniswe nomhlaba, ovame ukuhlala wedwa emphakathini wabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, ukugwema isono nokusondela kuNkulunkulu.
Leli gama lisuselwa kwelesiGreek elithi monachos, elisho umuntu onesizungu. Izindela zinezinhlobo ezimbili: izibalo ze-hermitic noma zodwa; nama-cenobitics, labo abahlala esivumelwaneni somndeni noma somphakathi.
Masticism yokuqala
Ubunye bobuKristu buqale eGibhithe naseNyakatho Afrika cishe ngo-270 AD, kanye nobaba basehlane, abafowethu abahamba nohambo oluya ehlane banikela ngokudla namanzi ukugwema isilingo. Enye yezindela zokuqala ezibhaliswe yodwa kwakungu-Abba Antony (251-356), othathe umhlalaphansi kwinqaba echithekile ukuba athandaze nokuzindla. U-Abba Pacomias (292-346) waseGibhithe uthathwa njengomsunguli wezindela ezingama-cenobite noma umphakathi.
Emiphakathini yokuqala yezindela, indela ngayinye yathandaza, yazila ukudla futhi yasebenza yodwa, kepha lokhu kwaqala ukuguquka lapho u-Augustine (354-430), umbhishobhi waseHippo eNyakatho Afrika, ebhala umthetho noma iqoqo lemiyalo yezindela nezindela amandla ayo. Kuyo, wagcizelela ubuphofu kanye nomthandazo njengezisekelo zempilo yobuningi. U-Augustine wayehlanganisa nokuzila ukudla nokusebenza njengezimpawu zobuKristu. Ukubusa kwakhe bekungacacisiwe kunabanye ababezolandela, kepha uBenedict waseNorcia (480-547), naye obhale umthetho wezindela nezindela, uthembele kakhulu emiqondweni ka-Augustine.
I-Monasticism yasakazeka kuyo yonke iMedithera naseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomsebenzi wezindela zase-Ireland. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, umthetho we-Benedictine Rule, osuselwa emcabangweni ovamile nasekusebenzeni kahle, wawusakazekele eYurophu.
Izindela zikamasipala zisebenze kanzima ukusekela isigodlo sazo. Imvamisa indawo yokuhlala yezindela yayinikezwa bona ngoba bekukude noma kubhekwe njengempofu kwezolimo. Ngokulingwa nangephutha, izindela zenza ubuchwepheshe obuningi bezolimo. Baphinde babamba iqhaza emisebenzini efana nokukopisha imibhalo yesandla yeBhayibheli nezincwadi zakudala, ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo nokwenza imisebenzi yokwakha izakhiwo zensimbi kanye nokusebenza. Babenakekela abagulayo nabampofu futhi ngeNkathi Ephakathi bagcina izincwadi eziningi ezazingalahleka. Inhlanganyelo enokuthula nokubambisana ngaphakathi ezindlini zezindela ngokuvamile yabe iyisibonelo somphakathi ngaphandle kwawo.
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, ukuhlukunyezwa kwaqala ukuvela. Ngenkathi ezombusazwe zazibusa iSonto lamaRoma Katolika, amakhosi endawo namakhosi ayesebenzisa izindlu zezindela njengamahhotela phakathi nohambo futhi alindele ukuthi zondliwe futhi zigcinwe ngendlela yezakhiwo. Kwabekwa izindinganiso zokunciphisa izindela ezisencane kanye nezindela ezingama-novice; ukwephulwa komthetho kwakuvame ukujeziswa ngokugwazwa.
Ezinye izindlu zezindela zacebile ngenkathi ezinye zingakwazi ukuzondla. Njengoba isimo sezepolitiki nezomnotho sesishintshile emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, izindlu zezindela ziye zaba nethonya elincane. Ekugcineni izinguquko zesonto zabuyisela izindlu zezindela enhlosweni yazo yasekuqaleni njengezindlu zomkhuleko nokuzindla.
I-Monasticism namuhla
Namuhla, izindela eziningi zamaKatolika nama-Orthodox zisinda emhlabeni wonke, zisukela emiphakathini evikelekile lapho izindela zamaTrappist noma izindela zifunga ukuthi zingathuli, ziye kufundise nasezinhlanganweni ezinikela ngezinceku ezikhonza abagulayo nabampofu. Impilo yansuku zonke ivame ukuba nezikhathi zemikhuleko ehlelwe njalo, ukuzindla nezinhlelo zomsebenzi ukukhokha izikweletu zomphakathi.
UbuMonism buvame ukugxekwa ngokuthi bungasilo elisebhayibhelini. Abaphikisi bathi i-Grand Commission iyalela amaKhristu ukuthi aphumele emhlabeni ayoshumayela ivangeli. Kodwa-ke, u-Augustine, uBenedict, uBasil nabanye bagcizelela ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa nomphakathi, ukuzila ukudla, ukusebenza kanye nokuzilahla kwakumane kuyindlela yokuphela, futhi lokho kwaba ukuthanda uNkulunkulu.Iphuzu lokulalela ukubusa kwezimali kwakungeyona ibiyenza imisebenzi ukuthola ukuzuzwa nguNkulunkulu, bathi, kepha kunalokho kwenziwa ukuze kususwe izithiyo zomhlaba phakathi kwendela noma indela noNkulunkulu.
Abasekeli benkolo yobuKhristu bobumbano bathi izimfundiso zikaJesu Kristu mayelana nengcebo ziyisithiyo kubantu. Basekela indlela yokuphila kaJohane uMbhabhadisi eyisiqalo njengesibonelo sokuzilahla futhi balandisa ukuzila kukaJesu ehlane ukuvikela ukuzila ukudla nokudla okulula nokulinganiselwe. Ekugcineni, bacaphuna uMathewu 16:24 njengesizathu sokuthobeka nokulalela ngokweqile: Ngemuva kwalokho uJesu wathi kubafundi bakhe: "Noma ngubani ofuna ukuba ngumfundi wami kufanele azidele, athathe isiphambano angilandele." (NIV)