Kwabhalwa Ngubani IBhayibheli?
Izikhathi eziningi uJesu wakhuluma kaninginingi kulabo ababhala ibhayibheli lapho ethi "kulotshiwe" (uMathewu 11: 10, 21: 13, 26: 24, 26: 31, njll). Ngempela, enguqulweni ye-KJV yeBhayibheli, leli binzana alilotshwe izikhathi ezingaphansi kwamashumi amabili. Ukucaphuna kwakhe okukuDuteronomi 8: 3, phakathi nesikhathi lapho elingwa khona yideveli izinsuku ezingamashumi amane, kuqinisekisa ubuqiniso beTestamente Elidala nokuthi ngubani owaloba (uMathewu 4: 4).
Kepha labo ababhala izincwadi ezahlukahlukene zebhayibheli, kuyaziwa ukuthi uMose wabhala iTorah. Okubhekwa njengeTorah, noma uMthetho, kwenziwa ngezincwadi ezinhlanu (uGenesise, u-Eksodusi, uLevitikusi, uNumeri noDuteronomi) ezabhalwa phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka engamashumi amane lapho ama-Israyeli ezulazula ehlane.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwezincwadi zakhe zeBhayibheli, uMose wathi abapristi abangamaLevi mababekwe ngaphakathi koMphongolo weSivumelwano ukuze babhekwe esikhathini esizayo (Dut. 31: 24- 26, bona futhi no-Eksodusi 24: 4).
Ngokwesiko lamaJuda, uJoshua noma uEzra bafaka, ekugcineni kukaDuteronomi, ukulandisa ngokufa kukaMose. Incwadi yemibhalo egama linguJoshua inegama lakhe ngoba wayiloba. Waqhubeka lapho ingxenye kaMose yaphela khona eNcwadini Yomthetho (Joshuwa 24:26). Incwadi yamajaji imvamisa kuthiwa yenziwa uSamuel, kodwa akucaci kahle ukuthi wayeyibhala nini.
Kukholakala ukuthi umprofethi u-Isaya wabhala izincwadi zika-1 neyesi-2 Samuweli, eyesi-1 e-King, okuyingxenye yokuqala yamakhosi ayi-2 kanye nencwadi enegama lakhe. Eminye imithombo, njenge-Pelubert Bible Dictionary, ithi abantu abehlukahlukene babhala lezi zincwadi, ezinjengoSamuel uqobo (1 Samuweli 10:25), umprofethi uNathani noGadi umboni.
Izincwadi zemibhalo yokuqala neyesibili kuthiwa ngokwesiko amaJuda athiwa u-Ezra, kanye nesigaba esibizwa ngegama lakhe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izazi zesimanje zikholelwa ukuthi lezi zincwadi zabhalwa ngomunye umuntu ngemuva kokufa kukaEzra.
Izincwadi ezisebhayibhelini ezaqanjwa ngoJobe, uRuthe, u-Esiteri, abaprofethi abathathu abaphambili (u-Isaya, uHezekeli noJeremia), abaprofethi abancane abayishumi (u-Amose, uHabakuki, uHagayi, uHoseya, uJoweli, uJona, uMalaki, uMika, uMika, uNaum, u-Obadiah, noZakariya, noZefaniya), kanye noNehemiya noDaniel, ngamunye wabhalwa umuntu igama laleso sigaba elivela kuye.
Yize iKing David yabhala iningi lamaHubo, abapristi ababesebenza ngenkathi eyinkosi, kanye noSolomoni kanye noJeremiya, ngamunye waba nesandla kulesi sigaba. Incwadi yezAga yabhalwa ikakhulukazi nguSolomoni, owaqamba nomShumayeli nezingoma zikaSolomoni.
Kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubhala iTestamente Elidala kusukela ngesikhathi sencwadi yokuqala kuya kumbhali wesahluko sayo sokugcina? Ngokumangazayo, incwadi yokuqala erekhodwe okokuqala, ngokulandelana kwesikhashana, yayingeyona eyeMose kodwa ngekaJobe! UJobe wabhala incwadi yakhe cishe ngo-1660 BC, ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili ngaphambi kokuba uMose aqale ukubhala.
UMalaki wabhala incwadi yokugcina efakiwe njengengxenye yeTestamente Elidala ebhalwe ngo-400 BC Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthathe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-1.200 ukubhala okuwukuphela kweBhayibheli elikhona lebandla leTestamente eNtsha.
Kwakunababhali beTestamente eNtsha abayisishiyagalombili. Amabili amaVangeli abhalwa amadoda ayengabafundi bokuqala bakaJesu (uMathewu noJohane) nababili ababengewona (uMark noLuka). Izenzo zabhalwa uLuka.
Umphostoli uPawulu wabhala izincwadi eziyishumi nane ezisebhayibhelini noma izincwadi, ezinjengamaRoma, Galathiya, ama-Efesu, amaJuda, njalonjalo, izincwadi ezimbili ngamunye wathumela esontweni laseKorinte, isonto laseThessaloniki nomngane wakhe osondele kakhulu uThimothi. Umphostoli uPhetro wabhala izincwadi ezimbili kwathi uJohane wabhala ezine. Izincwadi ezasala, uJude noJakobe, zaqoshwa ngabafowabo bakaJesu ngamzali munye.