Ukuphikisana phakathi kukaJohane namaVangeli e-Synoptic
Uma ukhule ubuka ku-Sesame Street, njengoba ngenzile, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona esinye sezingoma eziningi zengoma ethi: “Enye yalezi zinto ayifani nezinye; enye yalezi zinto ayilona neze. " Umqondo ukuqhathanisa izinto ezi-4 noma ezi-5, bese ukhetha eyodwa ehlukile kwezinye.
Ngokudabukisayo, ngumdlalo ongawudlala ngamaVangeli amane eTestamente eNtsha.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, izazi zeBhayibheli kanye nabafundi abajwayelekile babone ukwahlukana okukhulu okukhona emaVangelini amane eTestamente eNtsha. Ikakhulu, iVangeli likaJohane lihlukile ngezindlela eziningi emaVangelini kaMathewu, kaMarku noLuka. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuqinile futhi kuyabonakala ukuthi uMathew, uMark noLuka banegama labo elikhethekile: amaVangeli e-Synoptic.
Ukufana
Masenze okucacile: Angifuni ukukwenza kubonakale sengathi iVangeli likaJohane lingaphansi kwamanye amaVangeli, noma ukuthi liyaphikisana nanoma iyiphi enye incwadi yeTestamente eNtsha. Akufani kangako. Ngempela, ngokwejwayelekile, iVangeli likaJohane lifana kakhulu namaVangeli kaMathewu, uMarku noLuka.
Isibonelo, iVangeli likaJohane liyafana namaVangeli avumelanayo ngoba zonke ezine zezincwadi zeVangeli zilandisa udaba lukaJesu Kristu. IVangeli ngalinye limemezela leyo ndaba ngokusebenzisa ilensi elandisayo (ngokusebenzisa izindaba, ngamanye amagama), futhi womabili amaVangeli amaSynoptiki noJohane afaka izigaba eziphambili zokuphila kukaJesu: ukuzalwa kwakhe, inkonzo yakhe yasobala, ukufa kwakhe esiphambanweni ukuvuka kwakhe ethuneni.
Ukuya ngokujulile, kuyacaca futhi ukuthi bobabili uJohane namaVangeli ama-synoptic baveza ukunyakaza okufanayo lapho belandisa izindaba zenkonzo kaJesu yasobala kanye nemicimbi esemqoka eyamholela ekubethelweni nasekuvukeni kwakhe. Bobabili uJohane namaVangeli e-Synoptic baqokomisa ukuxhumana phakathi kukaJohane uMbhaphathizi noJesu (Marku 1: 4-8; Johane 1: 19-36). Bobabili bagcizelela inkonzo ende yasobala kaJesu eseGalile (Marku 1: 14-15; Johane 4: 3) futhi bobabili badlulisa amehlo abo ekubukeni ngesonto lokugcina kukaJesu ngesonto eledlule eseJerusalema (uMathewu 21: 1-11; Johane 12 : 12-15).
Ngokunjalo, amaVangeli e-Synoptic kanye noJohane abhekisela ezenzakalweni eziningi ezifanayo ezenzeka phakathi nenkonzo kaJesu yasobala. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukondla abangu-5.000 (Marku 6: 34-44; Johane 6: 1-15), uJesu ohamba phezu kwamanzi (Marku 6: 45-54; NgokukaJohane 6: 16-21) kanye nemicimbi eminingi ebhalwe ngaphakathi kweviki likaPastor (isb. uLuka 22: 47-53; Johane 18: 2-12).
Okubaluleke kakhulu, izingqikithi zokulandisa kwendaba kaJesu zihlala zihlangana kuwo wonke amaVangeli amane. Elinye lamaVangeli liqopha uJesu engqubuzana njalo nabaholi benkolo bangaleso sikhathi, kuhlanganise nabaFarisi nabanye abafundisi bezomthetho. Ngokunjalo, ngalinye lamaVangeli liqopha uhambo oluthatha kancane futhi kwesinye isikhathi oluthinta abafundi bakaJesu ngokuthanda kodwa ngokuhlanya luqala kubantu abafisa ukuhlala ngakwesokunene sikaJesu embusweni wezulu - futhi kamuva emadodeni aphendule ngenjabulo nangokungabaza. ekuvukeni kukaJesu kwabafileyo. Ekugcineni, ngalinye lamaVangeli ligxila ezimfundisweni eziyisisekelo zikaJesu maqondana nobizo lokuphenduka kwabo bonke abantu, iqiniso lesivumelwano esisha, isimo saphezulu sikaJesu, isimo esiphakeme sombuso kaNkulunkulu nokunye.
Ngamanye amagama, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akukho ndawo futhi nganoma iyiphi indlela iVangeli likaJohane aliphikisi ukulandisa noma umyalezo wezenkolo wamaVangeli we-Synoptic ngendlela ebonakalayo. Izinto eziyisisekelo zendaba kaJesu nezindikimba ezibalulekile zenkonzo yakhe yokufundisa zihlala zinjalo kuwo wonke amaVangeli amane.
umehluko
Njengoba sesikushilo lokho, kunokwehluka okubonakalayo okukhona phakathi kweVangeli likaJohane nalelo likaMathewu, uMarku noLuka. Ngempela, omunye umehluko omkhulu ophathelene nokuhamba kwezigigaba ezahlukahlukene empilweni nasenkonzweni kaJesu.
Ngaphandle kokwehlukahluka nokwehluka ngesitayela, amaVangeli amaSynnetic ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izehlakalo ezifanayo ngesikhathi sokuphila nenkonzo kukaJesu. Babheka kakhulu isikhathi senkonzo yasobala kaJesu kuzo zonke izifunda zaseGalile, iJerusalema nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. kufaka phakathi - kufaka phakathi izimangaliso eziningi ezifanayo, izinkulumo, izimemezelo ezibalulekile nokushayisana. Kuliqiniso, ababhali abahlukile bamaVangeli ama-Synoptic bavame ukuhlela le micimbi ngemiyalo ehlukile ngenxa yokuthandwa nezinhloso zabo ezihlukile; kodwa-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi izincwadi zikaMathew, ezikaMark nezikaLuka zilandela umbhalo ofanayo omkhulu.
IVangeli likaJohane alilandeli lelo script. Esikhundleni salokho, idlulela esigqikini sogubhu lwayo ngokuya ngezigameko ezichazayo. Ikakhulu, iVangeli likaJohane lingahlukaniswa ngamayunithi amane ayinhloko noma izincwadi ezingezansi:
Isingeniso noma isingeniso (1: 1-18).
INcwadi Yezimpawu, egxile “kwizibonakaliso” zikaJesu noma imimangaliso eyenzelwe ukuzuzisa amaJuda (1: 19–12: 50).
Incwadi Yokuphakanyiswa, elindele ukuphakanyiswa kukaJesu noYise kulandela ukubethelwa kwakhe, ukungcwatshwa nokuvuswa kwakhe (13: 1–20: 31).
Isiqephu esichaza izinkonzo zesikhathi esizayo zikaPeter noJohane (21).
Umphumela uba ukuthi, ngenkathi amaVangeli e-Synoptic ehlanganyela amaphesenti amakhulu wokuqukethwe kwabo ngokwezehlakalo ezichazwe, iVangeli likaJohane liqukethe iphesenti elikhulu lezinto ezihlukile ngokwazo. Eqinisweni, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezinto ezibhalwe kwiVangeli likaJohane atholakala kuphela eVangelini likaJohane. Akubhaliwe kwamanye amaVangeli.
izincazelo
Ngakho-ke singasichaza kanjani iqiniso lokuthi iVangeli likaJohane alizifundisi izehlakalo ezifana noMathewu, uMarku noLuka? Ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthi uJohane wakhumbula okuhlukile empilweni kaJesu - noma ukuthi uMathewu, uMarku noLuka babenephutha ngalokho uJesu akusho nakwenza?
Lutho neze. Iqiniso elilula ukuthi uJohane wabhala iVangeli lakhe eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 uMathewu, uMarku noLuka babhala eyabo. Ngalesi sizathu, uJohane wakhetha ukweqa futhi weqa ingxenye enkulu yezwe eyayivele imbozwe amaVangeli amaSynoptic. Wayefuna ukugcwalisa izikhala futhi ahlinzeke ngezinto ezintsha. Ubuye wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi echaza imicimbi eyahlukahlukene ezungeze isonto lePhasika ngaphambi kokubethelwa kukaJesu - okwakuliviki elibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba manje siqonda.
Ngaphezu kokugeleza kwemicimbi, isitayela sikaJohane sehluke kakhulu kulokho okukhona emaVangelini ama-synoptic. AmaVangeli kaMathewu, uMarku noLuka kakhulu balandisa ngendlela yabo. Zethula izilungiselelo zezindawo, inani elikhulu lezinhlamvu nokwanda kwezingxoxo. Ama-synoptics aqopha nokuthi uJesu wafundisa ikakhulukazi ngemifanekiso nangokuphuma isikhashana kwesimemezelo.
Kodwa iVangeli likaJohn liyakhazimula kakhulu futhi liyabonakala. Umbhalo ugcwele izinkulumo ezinde, ikakhulu zivela emlonyeni kaJesu. Kunemicimbi emincane kakhulu ebingafanelwa ukuthi "ukuhamba ngesakhiwo", futhi kunokuningi okuqagelwa ngemfundiso yenkolo.
Isibonelo, ukuzalwa kukaJesu kunikeza abafundi ithuba elihle lokubona umehluko phakathi kwamaVangeli weSynoptic noJohane. UMathewu noLuka balandisa ngendaba yokuzalwa kukaJesu ngendlela engabuye iqanjwe kabusha ngombala - uqedile ngezinhlamvu, izingubo, amasethi nokunye (bheka uMathewu 1: 18–2: 12; Luka 2: 1- 21). Bachaza imicimbi ethile ngokulandelana kwezikhathi.
IVangeli likaJohane alinazo izinhlamvu. Esikhundleni salokho, uJohane unikeza isimemezelo semfundiso kaJesu njengeZwi laphezulu - ukuKhanya okukhanya ebumnyameni bezwe lethu yize abaningi benqaba ukukuqaphela (Johane 1: 1-14). Amagama kaJohane anamandla futhi ayinkondlo. Isitayela sokubhala sihluke ngokuphelele.
Ekugcineni, ngenkathi iVangeli likaJohane lixoxa indaba efanayo yamaVangeli ahlukahlukene, kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili. Kulungile ke. UJohane wayehlose ukuthi ivangeli lakhe lingeze okuthile okusha ezindabeni zikaJesu, yingakho umkhiqizo wakhe ophelile uhlukile kakhulu kulokho obekuvele kutholakala.