Uyayazi yini indlu engcwele kaLoreto nomlando wayo?
INdlu eNgcwele yaseLoreto iyiSikhumbuzo sokuqala sokufinyeleleka kwamanye amazwe esizinikezele eNtombazaneni nakwinhliziyo eyiqiniso kaMarian yobuKhrestu "(John Paul II). ISan Holy of Loreto empeleni iyalondolozela, ngokwesiko lakudala, esefakazelwe ngocwaningo lomlando nolwemivubukulo, indlu yamaNazaretha aseMadonna. Ikhaya likaMaria elisemhlabeni eNazaretha laliqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: umhume oqoshiwe edwaleni, ohlonishwa egumbini elingaphansi kweSimemezelo eNazaretha, negumbi lokwakha phambi kwalo, elinezindonga zamatshe ezintathu ezibekwe ukuvala umhume ( bheka umkhiwane 2).
Ngokwesiko, ngonyaka we-1291, lapho abashokobezi bexoshwa ngokuqondile ePalestine, izindonga zokubumba zendlu yaseMadonna zathuthwa "yinkonzo yezingelosi", okokuqala zaya e-Illyria (eTersatto, eCroatia yanamuhla) nasezweni laseLoreto (Disemba 10, 1294). Namuhla, kususelwa ezinkombeni ezintsha zemibhalo, imiphumela yokuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala eNazaretha kanye nokutholwa kweNdlu Engcwele (1962-65) kanye nezifundo eziphathelene nocilological kanye ne-iconographic, isichasiselo ngokomqondo lapho amatshe eNdlu eNgcwele ayeyikho bathuthelwa eLoreto ngomkhumbi, ngokuqala komndeni omkhulu ka-Angeli, owayebusa u-Epirus. Empeleni, umqulu osanda kutholwa wangoSepthemba 1294 ufakazela ukuthi uNiceforo Angeli, umdeleli ka-Epirus, ngokunikela ngendodakazi yakhe u-Ithamar emshadweni noFilippo di Taranto, ingane yesine kaCharles II wase-Anjou, inkosi yaseNaples, wayidlulisela kuye uchungechunge lwezimpahla eziyimidali, phakathi kwazo avela nobufakazi obukhona: "amatshe angcwele asusiwe eNdlini yeNdlovukazi yethu uMama OyiNtombi KaNkulunkulu".
Eboshwe phakathi kwamatshe eNdlu eNgcwele, iziphambano ezinhlanu zezindwangu ezibomvu zabashokobezi noma, okungenzeka, yamakhanda omyalo wamasosha okwathi ngeNkathi Ephakathi avikela izindawo ezingcwele nezicucu. Kutholwe nezinye izinsalela zeqanda lezintshezi, ezikhumbula ngokushesha iPalestine nophawu olubhekisele emfihlakalo yokuFundwa.
ISanta Casa futhi, ngesakhiwo sayo nangempahla yamatshe engatholakali endaweni, kuyinto eyindida ngokwamasiko nasekwakheni ukusetshenziswa kweMarche. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhathaniswa kobuchwepheshe kweNdlu eNgcwele neGrotto yaseNazaretha kugcizelele ukuhlangana nokuqina kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili (bheka ikhiwane 2).
Ukuqinisekisa leli siko, ucwaningo lwakamuva ngendlela amatshe asebenza ngayo, lokho ngokusho ukusetshenziswa kwamaNabataeans, okwande eGalile ngesikhathi sikaJesu (wamakhiwane 1) kubaluleke kakhulu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi ukuthi kuqoshwe imidwebo eminingi ematsheni eNdlu eNgcwele, ahlulelwa ochwepheshe bemvelaphi ecacile yamaJudeo-yobuKristu futhi efana kakhulu nalawo atholakala eNazaretha (bheka ikhiwane 3).
ISanta Casa, engxenyeni yayo yasekuqaleni, inezindonga ezintathu kuphela ngoba ingxenye esempumalanga, lapho i-altare imi, yayivulekile ibheke eGreyto (bheka umkhiwane 2). Izindonga ezintathu zoqobo - ngaphandle kwezisekelo zazo nokuphumula kumgwaqo wasendulo - ziphakama emhlabathini ngamamitha amathathu nje. Indaba engenhla, ehlanganisa izitini zasendaweni, yanezelwa kamuva, kufaka phakathi i-vault (1536), ukwenza imvelo ilungele ukukhulekelwa. Ukugqagqana kwemabula, okugoqa izindonga zeNdlu eNgcwele, kwathunyelwa uJulius II futhi kwenziwa uBramante (1507 c). ngabadwebi abadumile be-Renaissance yase-Italy. Isithombe seNcasakazi noMntwana, ngokhuni lomsedari oluvela eLebanon, sithatha indawo yalelo khulu leminyaka. I-XIV, eyacekelwa phansi ngomlilo ngo-1921. Abadwebi abakhulu baye balandelana emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ukuhlobisa iSancwele odumo lwayo lwasakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke lwaba yindawo enhle yezigidi zabahambi. I-relic edumile yeNdlu eNgcwele kaMariya iyisikhathi kanye nesimemo sendawo yokuhambela ukuzindla ngemilayezo ephezulu yezenkolo neyokomoya exhumene nemfihlakalo yokuFakwa komzimba nokumenyezelwa kweS sindiso.
Izindonga ezintathu zeNdlu eNgcwele yaseLoreto
I-S. Casa, engxenyeni yayo yasekuqaleni, inezindonga ezintathu kuphela, ngoba ingxenye lapho i-altare imi ngxi yomlomo weGrotto eNazaretha futhi ngenxa yalokho ayizange ibe njengodonga. Ezindongeni ezintathu zokuqala, izigaba ezingezansi, eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha amathathu ukuphakama, ikakhulukazi zakhiwa imigqa yamatshe, iningi lamatshe amatshe, liyalandeleka eNazaretha, futhi izingxenye ezingenhla ezingezwe kamuva futhi ngenxa yalokho zibukeka, zisezitini zendawo, okuwukuphela kwazo izinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa endaweni.
Igraffiti odongeni lweNdlu eNgcwele
Amanye amatshe aqedwa ngaphandle ngenqubo ekhumbula ukuthi yamaNabataeans, isabalele ePalestine futhi naseGalile kuze kufike isikhathi sikaJesu.Amagraffiti angamashumi ayisithupha akhonjwe indlela, iningi lawo ahlulelwa ngochwepheshe abhekisele kwabaseJudeo-abangamaKristu besikhathi esisekude. etholakala eZweni Elingcwele, kufaka phakathi ubuNazaretha. Izingxenye eziphakeme zodonga, zenani elingaphansi lomlando nezokuzinikela, zazimbozwa ngemidwebo yefresco ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ngenkathi izingxenye zamatshe ezingaphansi zazishiywa ziveziwe, zazivezwa ngokuhlonishwa kwabathembekile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemabula kungumsebenzi wobuciko weLauretan. Kuqapha iNdlu yamaNazaretha ethobekile njengoba ibhokisi liyemukela iparele. Ifunwa uJulius II futhi ekhulelwe umakhi omkhulu uDonato Bramante, owathi ngonyaka ka-1509 walungisa lo mklamo, waqalisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Andrea Sansovino (1513-27), uRanieri Nerucci no-Antonio da Sangallo Omncane. Kamuva izifanekiso ezibunjiwe zabakwaSibyls nabaProfethi zafakwa ezingubeni.
Ukugqokwa kweMarmoreo kwe-S.Casa
Ukufakwa kombhede kuqukethe isisekelo ngemihlobiso yejometri, lapho umyalo wezinsika ezimbili ohlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili usuka khona, nezihloko zamakhorinte ase-Korinthe ezisekela i-cornice evikelekile. I-balustrade ingezwe ngu-Antonio da Sangallo (1533-34) ngenhloso yokufihla umgodla we-barrel ongagudli we-S. Casa nangokukhipha ukuvaleka kwemabula okumnandi ngohlaka oluhle.