I-Coronavirus: izindlela zokuziphatha okufanele uzigweme
Ekubulalekeni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, isifo esiwumkhuhlane sabanjwa emigodini yangaphambili sabe sesisakazeka emhlabeni wonke, sathinta ingxenye yesine yabantu bezwe futhi ekugcineni sabulala abantu abaningi empini efanayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi kuphele, kwafa abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-50 nezingu-100 kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane waseSpain". Izinga lokufa kwamukelwa njengamanje lomkhuhlane waseSpain liphakathi kwephesenti elilodwa nelesithathu kanti isibalo sazo sokubulawa kwabantu siyamangaza ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kabanzi, nokwanda kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni.
Igama elijwayelekile
Ubhubhane lomkhuhlane waseSpain lwabangelwa yigciwane manje eliyigama lasekhaya: H1N1. I-H1N1 iphinde yaqalwa ngo-2009, isakazekela emuva emaphethelweni eplanethi, kepha yingxenye encane nje yabantu ababulawa kusukela yabonakala okokuqala.
Yize kungeyona i-virus efanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngabe ibulale ngokulinganayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yamandla ayo okubulala abantu asebekhulile futhi ingathathwa njengengasengozini yokufa okuhlobene nomkhuhlane. Inani lokushona okuphelele kobhubhane lwe-H1N1 lango-2009 lalingamaphesenti angama-0,001-0,007. Inani lokufa kwabantu kuleli cala lalingamakhulu ezinkulungwane emhlabeni wonke, kanti inani elingelona elifanayo lalikholakala ukuthi lathinteka eSoutheast Asia nase-Afrika.
Kungani umehluko omkhulu ekufeni kwabantu? Lezi zinguqulo ezimbili ze-H1N1 zazingenawo umsuka ofanayo futhi kukhona i-evolution yokuziguqula ukwenza izinguqulo ezalandela zegciwane elifanayo zingabizi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke lezi zinguqulo ezimbili ze-H1N1 beziyohluka kulezi zici.
Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, umhlaba ubuhlukile. Izimo lapho ithonya laseSpain lithathe umhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba zazinyanyeka. IMpi Yezwe yokuQala yayigasele iminyaka eminingana futhi imigqa yokuqala lapho kwavela khona lesi sifo kwakuyindawo lapho amasosha amancane ayehlala phakathi kwezidumbu, amagundane namanzi angcolile futhi ayenethuba elincane lokuhlanzeka komuntu.
Ngo-2009, ngisho nezizwe ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni zazinezimo zokuphila ezingcono kunalezo ezenziwa yisosha elijwayelekile ekulweni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izizwe ezinamandla amancane okuhlinzeka izindawo ezihlanzekile zabantu bazo yizo ezithinteke kakhulu ekuthelelekeni kwe-H1N1, ngesibalo esikhulu sezifo nokufa okuningi.
Ukusakazeka kwe-COVID-19 eChina - kanye namacala asanda kuvela abonakala eduzane nasekhaya - kukhathazeke abantu ngesinye isimo sethonya leSpain. Lokhu kungenzeka kungeyona enye ithonya laseSpain, kodwa sinethuba elibalulekile lokulawula ukwanda kwegciwane ngaphakathi kwabantu bethu.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokungatheleleki emhlambini
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Herd kungumqondo oqhamuka emkhakheni we-zoology. Kubhekisa kunamandla wesibalo sezilwane ukumelana nokutheleleka ngegciwane - njengegciwane - ngoba isibalo esanele sabantu phakathi kwabantu sinokuzivikela okulimazayo ezingeni ngalinye. Ukuvikela ukungasebenzi komzimba yikhono lamasosha omzimba ukwakha amasosha omzimba ngokumelene ne-ejenti ethile ethelelekayo.
Ngokugomela umhlambi, ukutheleleka ebantwini kuncishiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokugonywa. Lona ngumqondo osekela imijovo yokugoma, ekhulisa ukungatheleleki okuthile ngaphakathi (kahle) iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu labantu, ukuze isifo esithathelwanayo singabe sisaba yisisekelo.
Qaphela igama elithi "inqubo ye-immunological" bese ubheka ukuthi inqubo efanayo ingasebenza yini ngokuziphatha.
Njengoba izimpendulo zokuzivikela zomzimba ezihlasimulisa umzimba zihlanekezela ukutheleleka, yenzani nemigwaqo evimba umzimba ukuthola usizo kwi-ejenti ethelelekayo. Ngamaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu esakhamuzi esihlala sisebenzisa izimilo ezithi ukunciphisa ukudluliseka, ubhubhane lungavinjelwa noma lilinganiselwe, ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa kwabantu.
Njengoba ukungavikeleki kwehlazo kungadlulisi ukuvikelwa okuphelele kumuntu oyedwa, okufanayo kusebenza ekungazipheni kokuzivikela; kumane nje kubalulekile ukuthi iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu labantu lenza izindlela zokuzivikela ngokungaguquki. Ukuvikelwa kusezingeni lomhlambi, kunokuba kube sezingeni lomuntu.
Ngabe sikhuluma ngezinto ezingalungile?
Ngokwesimo salo mqondo "wokungaziphathi kokuziphatha kwezilwane", izingxoxo zamanje ze-COVID-19 ezindabeni ezijwayelekile nezokuxhumana zingagxila ezintweni ezingalungile. Esikhundleni sokukhuluma ngezimo eziphikisanayo ezibangela ukwesaba (kuthiwani uma), kufanele sigxile kumasu wokuqinisa inqwaba yabantu abeka umkhawulo wegciwane ekutholeni abantu bethu.
Umuthi wokugoma ungaba muhle futhi ekugcineni uzofika. Kepha njengamanje, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezifana ne-COVID-19 zingavinjelwa ngokwanda kwesibalo sokuziphatha kokuphepha kubantu abaningi abavimbela ukusabalala kwabo.
Lezi zinyathelo zifaka amanye ama-maxims omndeni, akukho okusebenza kuwo ngokungaguquki okwenele futhi amanye angajwayelekile, okumele athathwe ngokulandelana. Njalo njalo.
Abaziyo:
geza izandla zakho njalo nangokufanele;
amboze umlomo wakho (ngengalo) lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula;
gwema ukusondelana nalabo asebengenwe yileli gciwane kakade.
Ngaphambi kokusula okusobala okungenhla, kufanele sizibuze: ingabe lokhu sikwenza ngokungaguquguquki ngokuphelele? Ngabe singenza kangcono? Futhi cabanga ngokuziphatha okucacile okulandelayo kodwa okubaluleke ngokulinganayo:
1. Khubaza isibuko sedivaysi yakho ephathekayo kabili ngosuku: kuyisitsha sePetri esiphathekayo, esiqongelela amagciwane kanye, yebo, amagciwane. Ama-antibacterial wipes ayadingeka lapha, ngoba ngokuvamile nawo abulala amagciwane. Hlanza insiza okungenani kabili ngosuku, kanye ngesidlo sasemini kanye kanye ngesikhathi sokudla (noma uxhumeke kwenye inqubo yansuku zonke). Ucwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa luthi ama-virus anjenge COVID-19 angakwazi ukuqhubeka kuze kuphele izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye engilazini ebushelelezi nasezandleni zepulasitiki, njengesikrini sefoni.
2. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho. Umlomo, ikhala, amehlo nezindlebe kuyindlela yonke emzimbeni wakho yamagciwane futhi iminwe yakho ihlala ihlangana nezindawo ezingaba namagciwane. Lesi silinganiso esilula sinzima kakhulu ukusigcina singashintshi, kepha kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukutheleleka.
3. Sebenzisa imaski kuphela uma ugula futhi unikeze izincomo zokuxhumana nabantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo owanele wokuzisebenzisa lapho begula.
4. Zibeka yedwa uma ugula futhi unemfiva.
5. Bandakanya inethiwekhi yakho yokuxhumana nabantu ukuze ucabangele ezinye izinguquko ezilula zokuziphatha.
Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka
Ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwemihlambi ngokuziphatha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwe-COVID-19. Sidinga ukukhuluma okuningi ngakho futhi sikwenze okuningi. Olwandle lokungaqiniseki okubangela ukwesaba, le yinto esiyilawula ngokwahlukana futhi sihlanganisa.
Senza kangcono ekusebenziseni lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zokuphepha zokuphepha ngenhla ngokungaguquguquki okuphezulu nangesikhathi eside.
Futhi nayi inzuzo eseceleni: Sizovimba ukwanda kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane wezinkathi ezithile, obulala abantu abaningi ngenyanga evamile kune-COVID-19 ngenyanga edlule.