Kuyini uPietism ebuKristwini? Incazelo nezinkolelo
Ngokuvamile, ukudliwa kokudalwa kwenhlangano kungukunyakaza okukhona phakathi kobuKristu okugcizelela ukuzinikela komuntu uqobo, ubungcwele kanye nesipiliyoni sangempela sokomoya sokubambelela kalula enkolweni nakwisiko lesonto. Ngokucacile, ukudweba kwamapayipi kubhekisa ekuvukeni okungokomoya okwakhiwa esontweni lamaLuthela lekhulu le-XNUMX laseJalimane.
Ukucaphuna kukaPietism
"Ucwaningo lwe-theology akufanele lwenziwe hhayi ngengxabano yezimpikiswano kepha kumele yenziwe ngumkhuba wokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu." -Philipp Jakob Spener
Imisuka nabasunguli be-pietism
Ukunyakaza kwamaPilistic kuye kwavela kuwo wonke umlando wobuKristu njalo lapho ukholo lungaphenduki lutho lwempilo yangempela nesipiliyoni. Lapho inkolo ibabandayo, ihlelekile futhi ingenampilo, kungenzeka ukulandelela umjikelezo wokufa, indlala yokomoya nokuzalwa okusha.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, iNguquko YamaProthestani yayisivele yaba ngamahlelo amathathu ayinhloko: ama-Anglican, ama-Reformed namaLuthere, ngalinye elixhumene nezinhlangano zezwe nezepolitiki. Ukusondelana okukhona phakathi kwesonto nohulumeni kulethe ukugqama okugcwele, ukungazi kwebhayibheli nokuziphatha okubi kula masonto. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudalwa kokuzalwa kwezilwane kwazalwa njengokufuna ukubuyisa impilo emfundisweni nakwinkambiso yeTuthuko.
Igama elithi pietism libonakala sengathi lalisetshenziswa kuqala ukuthola ukunyakaza okuholwa nguPhilipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705), isazi semfundiso yenkolo yamaLuthela nomfundisi eFrankfurt, eJalimane. Uvame ukubhekwa njengobaba wokudalwa kwezulu laseJalimane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko weSpener, uPia Desideria, noma "Isifiso Sangempela Sokuguqulwa Okumnandi KukaNkulunkulu", ekuqaleni owashicilelwa ngonyaka ka-1675, waba yincwadi yezandla. Uhlobo lwesiNgisi lwencwadi eshicilelwe yiFortress Press lusaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaSpener, u-August Hermann Francke (1663-1727) waba ngumholi wabadwebi baseJalimane. Njengomfundisi noprofesa e-University of Halle, imibhalo yakhe, izinkulumo kanye nobuholi bebandla kunikeze isibonelo ekuvuseleleni isimilo futhi yashintsha impilo yobuKhrestu obusebhayibhelini.
Bobabili uSpener noFrancke bathonywa kakhulu yimibhalo kaJohann Arndt (1555-1621), umholi wesonto elidlule lamaLuthere wayevame ukubheka njengobaba weqiniso wokudla ngezinyawo kwezazi-mlando zanamuhla. I-Arndt yaba nomthelela wayo obaluleke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ubuhlakani bayo bokugcina, ubuKhristu beqiniso, obushicilelwe ngo-1606.
Ukuvuselela i-Or Orthodoxo efile
USpener kanye nalabo ababemlandela bafuna ukulungisa inkinga ekhulayo ababeyiveza ngokuthi "yi-orthodoxy efile" ngaphakathi kweLuthela LaseLuthela. Emehlweni abo, impilo yokholo yamalungu esonto yancipha kancane kancane ekubeni nje ukubambelela emfundisweni, kwimfundiso yenkolo ehlelekile kanye nokuhleleka kwesonto.
Bekulangazelela ukuvuswa kokuhlonishwa, ukuzinikela nokuzinikela kweqiniso, uSpener wethule ushintsho ngokusungula amaqembu amancane amakholwa azinikele ayehlangana njalo ukuthandaza, ukutadisha ibhayibheli nokwakhana. Lawa maqembu, abizwa ngeCollegi Pietatis, okusho ukuthi "onobuhlakani", agcizelele impilo engcwele. Amalungu ayegxile ekwenziweni kwesono ngokwenqaba ukubamba iqhaza ezenzweni zokugcina ebezicabanga njengezwe.
Ubungcwele kwimfundiso esemthethweni
AmaPieters agcizelela ukuvuselelwa komuntu ngokomoya nangokokuziphatha ngokuzinikela ngokuphelele kuJesu Kristu. Ukuzinikela kuqokonyiswa impilo entsha eyenziwe ngezibonelo ezisebhayibhelini futhi kugqugquzelwa nguMoya kaKristu.
Ekudleni kokudla, ubungcwele beqiniso bubaluleke kakhulu kunokulandela imfundiso yenkolo nokuhleleka kwesonto. Ibhayibheli liyisiqondisi esingaguquki sokuphila ngokukholwa komuntu. Amakholwa ayakhuthazeka ukuthi azibandakanye emaqenjini amancane futhi aphishekele ukuzinikela komuntu siqu njengendlela yokukhula kanye nendlela yokulwa nokuqonda kobuntu.
Ngaphezu kokuhlakulela umuzwa wokukholwa uqobo, abadwebi bezimbaza bagcizelela ukukhathalela ukusiza labo abadinga usizo nokubonisa uthando lukaKristu ngabantu bomhlaba.
Ithonya elinamandla kubuKristu banamuhla
Yize ukudliwa kwezulu kungazange kube yihlelo noma isonto elihleliwe, kwaba nethonya elikhulu futhi elihlala njalo, lithinta cishe wonke amaProthestani futhi lishiya uphawu lwalo kuningi lwevangeli lanamhlanje.
Izingoma zikaJohn Wesley, kanye nokugcizelela kwakhe isipiliyoni sobuKristu, kubhalwe ngezimpawu zokudlela kokudla. Ukugqugquzelwa kwabaPietist kungabonakala emasontweni ngombono wezithunywa zevangeli, izinhlelo zokufinyelela emphakathini nezomphakathi, ukugcizelelwa kwamaqembu amancane nezinhlelo zokufunda ngeBhayibheli. UPietism walolonga indlela amaKhristu anamuhla akhonza, anikela futhi ahamba ngayo izimpilo zawo zokuzinikela.
Njenganoma ikuphi ukwedlulela ngokwenkolo, izinhlobo zokudlondlobala kokudla okungaholela ekuholeni kwezomthetho noma kuma-subjectivism. Kodwa-ke, inqobo nje uma ukugcizelela kwayo kuhleli ngokwebhayibheli ngokulinganayo futhi kungaphakathi kohlaka lwamaqiniso eVangeli, ukudweba pietism kuhlala kungamandla anempilo akhiqiza ukukhula futhi enza impilo kabusha esontweni lobuKhrestu bomhlaba kanye nasezimpilweni zokomoya zamakholwa ngamanye.