Ukuzinikela kwe-Ave Maria, indaba yokudumisa
kusuka encwadini ebhalwe nguRené Laurentin, L'Ave Maria, Queriniana, Brescia 1990, pp. 11-21.
Uvelaphi lo mthandazo kuMariya, ifomula ephindaphindwe kaningi kuleli zwe? Yakhiwa kanjani?
Esontweni lokuqala, i-Ave Maria ayizange iphindwe. Futhi owokuqala wamaKristu, uMariya, okwabikelwa kuye lo mbingelo ingelosi, kwakungamele awuphinde. Ngisho nanamuhla, lapho ethandaza nababukeli, ephethe umqhele, akasho i-Ave Maria. KuLourdes ngenkathi uBernadette ephinda irosari phambi kwakhe, iNkosazana yomhume yahlangana noGloria, kepha "ayizange izishukumise izindebe", ngesikhathi intombazane ilandisa nge-Hail Marys. EMedjugorje, lapho iNkosazana ikhuleka nalabo ababonayo - okuyisiphetho sayo yonke imibono yamehlo - kusho nabo uPatrick noNkazimulo. ngaphandle kwe-Ave (okwabonakaliswa ngababikezeli ngaphambi kwenkonzo).
Uqale nini umthandazo kwabangcwele?
I-Ave Maria yakhiwa kancane, kancane kancane emakhulwini eminyaka.
Futhi, umthandazo obalulekile webandla ubhekiswa kuYise ngeNdodana. Ephuphweni lesiLatini, yiminya emibili kuphela ebhekiswa kuKristu; owokuqala nowesithathu womkhosi weCorpus Christi. Futhi ayikho imithandazo ebhekiswe kuMoya oNgcwele, ngisho nangosuku lwePentekosti.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uNkulunkulu uyisisekelo nokusekelwa kwayo yonke imikhuleko, ekhona, yakheka futhi igeleza kuye kuphela. Ngakho-ke kungani imithandazo ebhekiswa hhayi kuYise kodwa nakwabanye? Uyini umsebenzi wabo nokuba semthethweni?
Le yimikhuleko yesibili: i-antiphons namaculo, ngokwesibonelo. Basebenza ukukhulisa ubudlelwano bethu nabakhethiweyo eSithangamini Sabangcwele.
Akuyona indaba yokushushumbisa amasiko angafaka inselelo emthandazweni obalulekile webandla. Lawa amafomula abhalwe kulowo mthandazo ofanayo, kulokho kuthambekela ngakuNkulunkulu kuphela, ngoba siya kuye sindawonye, hhayi ngaphandle kokuncenga, futhi sithola abanye kuNkulunkulu, kubo bonke.
Ngakho-ke waqala nini ukuthandaza kosanta? Maduze nje, amaKhristu azizwa esondelene kakhulu nabafel 'ukholo ababenqobile ukuhlupheka okubi ngokwethembeka kweNkosi, futhi babeyolulele emzimbeni wabo siqu umhlatshelo kaKristu, ngenxa yomzimba wakhe okuyisonto (Col 1,24). Abasubathi laba bakhombisa indlela eya ekusindisweni. Inkolo yokubulawa ukholo yaqala ngekhulu lesibili.
Ngemuva koshushiso, izihlubuki zacela ukunxenxa kwabavumeli bokholo (abasindayo abathembekile, ngezinye izikhathi abamakwe ngamanxeba abo), ukuthola ukuziphindisela nokuvuselelwa kwabo. A fortiori baguqukela ukholo "seyifinyelele kuKristu, banikeza bonke ubufakazi" bothando olukhulu kunabo bonke "(Jn 15,13: XNUMX).
Kungekudala, ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, ngekhulu lesine futhi mhlawumbe ngaphambili, abantu baqala ukuphendukela kuma-ascetics angcwele, nakuMariya, ngasese.
I-Ave Maria yaba kanjani umkhuleko
Igama lokuqala le-Ave Maria: i-chaire, 'jabulani', okuqala ngayo ukumenyezelwa ingelosi, kubonakala sengathi lalilandelwa, kusukela ngekhulu lesithathu, kugraffiti etholakale eNazaretha, odongeni lwendlu olusanda kuvakashelwa ngamaKristu njengendawo yeSimemezelo.
Futhi esihlabathini sogwadule lwaseGibhithe umthandazo wabhekiswa kuMariya ngepapa okwenziwa ngoochwepheshe bangekhulu lesithathu. Lo mkhuleko wawaziwa kepha bekucatshangwa ukuthi uqhamuka kuma-Middle Ages. Nangu: «Ngaphansi kwengubo yomusa siyaphephela, Umama kaNkulunkulu (theotokos). Ungazenqabeli izicelo zethu, kepha ngesidingo usisindise engcupheni, [Wena] wedwa caste futhi ubusisiwe ".1
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesine, izinkathi zamasonto athile aseMpumalanga zakhetha usuku lokugubha uMariya, ngaphambi komkhosi kaKhisimusi (njengoba ukholo lwawo lwalusakhunjulwa). Inkumbulo kaMariya ibingenandawo ngaphandle kokuthi ngaphandle koMzimba. Abashumayeli baphinda amazwi engelosi bawabhekisa kuMariya uqobo. Lokhu kungenzeka kube "yi-prosopope", inqubo yokubhala neyamagama esaphenduka kumlingiswa owedlule: "O Fabrizio, obengacabanga ngomphefumulo wakho omkhulu!" UJean-Jacques Rousseau wababaza, kwi-Discourse yesayensi nezobuciko, okwenze inkazimulo yayo ngo-1750.
Kepha kungekudala, iprosopope laba ngumkhuleko.
Indlu endala yakudala yalolu hlobo, okuthiwa yenziwa nguGregory waseNyssa, kubonakala sengathi yaqanjwa eKhesariya di Cappadocia, phakathi kuka-370 no-378. Umshumayeli ngaleyo ndlela uphawula ngokubingelela kukaGabriel ngokuhlanganisa abantu abangamaKristu nakho: «Sithi ngokuzwakalayo, ngokusho kuka amazwi engelosi: Jabulani, nigcwele ngomusa, iNkosi inani [...]. Kuwe kwaqhamuka umuntu ophelele ngesithunzi futhi okugcwele kuye ubunkulunkulu. Jabulani ligcwele umusa, INkosi inawe: Nenceku yenkosi; nalowo ongamlingisi ongcwelisa indawo yonke; nenhle, enhle kakhulu yezingane zabantu, ukusindisa umuntu owenziwe ngomfanekiso wakhe ».
Elinye ikhaya, elivezwe nguGregory waseNyssa uqobo, futhi elihlose ukugujwa ngokufanayo, liphinda lifane nodumo luka-Elizabeth kuMariya: Ubusisiwe phakathi kwabesifazane (Lk 1,42:XNUMX): "Yebo, ubusisiwe phakathi kwabesifazane, ngoba phakathi kwazo zonke izintombi ezikhethiwe; ngoba uye wahlulelwa ukuthi ufanele ukubamba iNkosi enjalo; ngoba wemukele lowo ogcwalisa konke ...; ngoba usuphenduke umcebo weparele elingokomoya ».
Ingxenye yesibili ye-Ave Maria ivelaphi?
Ingxenye yesibili ye-Ave: "USanta Maria, Umama kaNkulunkulu", unomlando wakamuva kakhulu. Inomsuka wayo kwizinkampani zabangcwele, ezaqala ngekhulu lesikhombisa. UMariya wabizwa okokuqala ngemuva kukaNkulunkulu: "Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis, Saint Mary asikhulekele".
Le formula yathuthukiswa ngezinkulumo ezahlukahlukene, futhi yengeza, lapha nalaphaya, kwifomula yebhayibheli ye-Ave Maria.
Umshumeli omkhulu uSanta Bernardino waseSiena (ngekhulu le-XV) usevele wathi: "Kulesi sibusiso i-Ave siphela ngaso: Ubusisiwe phakathi kwabesifazane (Lk 1,42) esingangeza: UMariya Oyingcwele, asikhulekele izoni" .
Okunye ukwephulwa kwengxenye yesibili yekhulu leshumi nanhlanu kuqukethe le formula emfushane. Sithola ku-s. UPietro Canisio ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Okokugcina: "manje nangehora lokufa kwethu" kuvela ekuphambukeni kukaFrancisco kwango-1525. Ukwephulwa ngokusemthethweni okwasungulwa nguPius v ngo-1568 kwakwamukela: kuchaze ukuphindwaphindwa kwePater ne-Ave ekuqaleni kwehora ngalinye. Le yindlela i-Ave Maria yethu eyathola ngayo ukuthi idalulwe futhi yaphakanyiswa ngokuphelele, ngendlela esiyaziyo.
Kepha lolu hlobo lokuphamba kwamaRoma lwathatha isikhathi ukusabalala. Izikhulu eziningi ezingamnakanga zanyamalala. Kancane kancane abanye balithatha futhi balisakaza phakathi kwabaphristi, naphakathi kwabo phakathi kwabantu. Ukuhlanganiswa kuzobe sekwenzekile ngokuphelele ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ngokuqondene ne-epithet ethi "mpofu" ngaphambi kokuthi "izoni", ayikho embhalweni wesiLatini. Kuyisengezo kusuka ngekhulu le-2,10: ukunxusa okuthobekile kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu nozwela. Lokhu kwalokhu abanye abaye bakugxeka njengokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokugcwala, kuveza iqiniso elikabili: ubuphofu besoni nendawo enikezwe abampofu ivangeli: "Babusisiwe abampofu", kumemezela uJesu, futhi phakathi kwabo uhlanganisa nezoni, lapho izindaba ezimnandi zibhekiswe khona ngokuyinhloko: "Angizanga ukubiza abalungileyo, kepha izoni" (Mk XNUMX: XNUMX).
Izinguqulo
Uma ifomula yesiLatini isungulwe kahle kusukela ngesikhathi se-Saint Pius V ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, i-Ave Maria yahunyushwa ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi ezidala ukungaqiniseki okuthile kulesenzo.
Bakhathazekile ngokuthuthukisa amafomula, abanye abahlolwayo bakholelwa (ngesizathu esihle njengoba sizobona) ukuthi igama lokuqala le-Ave akuyona ukubingelela okujwayelekile, kepha isimemo senjabulo kaMesiya: "Jabulani". Ngakho-ke okuhlukile esizobuyela kukho.
Ukuhunyushwa kwe-fructus ventris tui nezithelo zesibeletho sakho kwabonakala kumahara kothile. Futhi nangaphambi komkhandlu, ezinye izingxoxo zithanda ukukhetha "izithelo zesibeletho sakho". Abanye bahlongoza: "Futhi ibusiswe uJesu indodana yakho": okwenza ubunyani bumbhalo webhayibheli buveze kanjalo ngomzimba: "Bheka, uzokhulelwa esibelethweni sakho," kusho ingelosi kuLk 1,31:1,42. Usebenzisa i-prosaic term gastér, ayikhetha ku-koilia: isibeletho [= isibeletho], ngezizathu ezijulile zenkolo nezasebhayibhelini esizobuyela kuzo. Kepha uLk XNUMX lapho isibusiso sika-Elizabeth sitholakala khona, sisebenzisa ngendlela efanele igama elicacisiwe: koilia. Sibusiswe isithelo sesifuba sakho.
Abanye bakhetha ukuqeda ukungezwa okumpofu phambi kwezoni, ngenxa yokungathembeki kombhalo wesiLatini.
Ngokuhambisana nokusebenzisa ngemuva kwekhonsathi, esikhundleni se-So be it, Amen kuthiwa, kepha kukhona labo abanciphisa lesi sigatshana sokugcina.
Ngemuva komkhandlu, imithandazo yalesi simiso kanye nosiko yahunyushelwa nge-tu. Lesi sixazululo samukelwa ngokwethembela ezilimini eziseBhayibhelini nakulimi lwesiLatini, olushaya indiva. Sekuyisikhathi eside izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zihlanganiswa ne-tu. I-logic ne-homogeneity yezinguqulo zangemva kokuhlangana zincome lesi sixazululo. Kwakungeyona into entsha, ngoba izingoma ezidumile zazisetshenziswa ukubiza uNkulunkulu kudala ngaphambi komkhandlu. Ngesizotha: «Khuluma, yala, ucebe, uhlanganyele ku-Toi Jésus, entende ton règne, de Universal Universal Sois Roi (Khuluma, yala, ubuse, sonke singabakho. ) "
Ingqungquthela ye-episcopal yaseFrance yasebenzisa lelo thuba ukucacisa ukuhunyushwa kwePatic, okwamukelwa konke ukuvunywa kwamazwe akhuluma isiFulentshi. Futhi bekungaba nengqondo ukuphakamisa ukuhumusha okusha okusemthethweni kwe-Ave Maria. Kungani kungenakwenziwa?
Ababhishobhi bebengafuni ukuvusa ukubonwa mayelana 'nawe', ngoba babengeke bahluleke esicini esibucayi njengokuzinikela kweMarian.
Ukuhunyushwa kwe-French kwaPatar okwenziwe ngobumnandi (kujabule kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwenkolo, ngoba kuvumela amaKhristu azo zonke izono ukuthi aphindaphinde uMkhuleko weNkosi) kwavusa enye impikiswano Ukuhunyushwa okunembile: Ungasivumeli ukuba sinqotshwe isilingo sekusile ukuthi Ungazithobi esilingweni. U-Abbé Jean Carmignac, umJuda ovelele, ulwe nayo yonke impilo yakhe ngale nguqulo ayekholelwa ukuthi ayithembekile futhi icasule uNkulunkulu:
- NguDeveli olinga, hhayi uMdali, waveza. Ngenxa yalokho, wasikisela: Sivikele ekuvumeleni isilingo.
UCarmignac wakwenza kwaba yinto engathandeki yesayensi kuphela, kodwa nangonembeza. Ngalesi sizathu washiya iphherishi elalimdinga ukuthi enze umsebenzi osemthethweni, wathuthela kwelinye isifunda saseParis (iSan Francesco di Sales) elalimvumela ukuthi asebenzise ifomula yakhe.
Ukuze kungavuki umbango oqhubekayo esimeni esivele sinezivunguvungu okwaholela ekuphikisweni kukaMonsignor Lefebvre, i-episcopate yagwema ukugcizelela ukuhunyushwa kwe-Ave Maria.
Abanye bathatha isinyathelo sokubukeza eduze nombhalo wasebhayibhelini, ngokuhambisana "nawe" wokushaywa. Okushiya umdlalo kusimo esintantayo, lapho wonke umuntu ehlangabezana ngokusemandleni akhe.
Yize ngithanda ukuhumusha uqobo: Jabulani, nginamathela kwifomula enembile, engakaze iguqulwe ngokusemthethweni futhi ibe yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho ngiphinda irosari neqembu labantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Esikhundleni salokho emiphakathini ekhethe esinye isixazululo, ngiyanamathela ngentokozo ekusebenziseni kwabo.
Kubonakala kuwukuhlakanipha, ukuchaza le ndaba, ukulinda isimo esisekelwe ngokuphelele.