Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamaShiite namaSunni amaSulumane
AmaSulumane amaSunni namaShiite ahlanganyela ezinkolelweni eziyisisekelo zamaSulumane kanye nezindatshana zokholo futhi angamaqembu amancane ayisi-Islam. Nokho, ziyehluka, nokuthi ukwahlukana ekuqaleni kwakungaveli ekuhlukaniseni okungokomoya, kodwa kokuqhamuka kwezepolitiki. Eminyakeni eyedlule, lokhu kwehluka kwezepolitiki kukhiqize imikhuba nezikhundla ezahlukahlukene eziye zabaluleka ngokomoya.
Izinsika ezinhlanu zamaSulumane
Izinsika ezinhlanu zamaSulumane zibhekisela emisebenzini yenkolo kuNkulunkulu, ukukhula ngokomoya ngokomoya, ukunakekela labo ababa nenhlanhla, ukuzikhuza nokuzidela. Banikeza uhlaka noma uhlaka lwempilo yamaSulumane, njengoba kwenza izinsika ezakhiweni.
Indaba yobuholi
Ukwehlukana phakathi kwamaShiites namaSunnis kuqale ekufeni komprofethi uMuhammad ngonyaka ka-632. Lo mcimbi uphakamise umbuzo wokuthi ngubani ozothatha izintambo zesizwe samaMuslim.
I-Sunnism igatsha lamaSulumane elikhulu nelikhulu kunazo zonke. Igama elithi Sunn, ngesi-Arabhu, lisuselwa egameni elisho ukuthi "olandela amasiko oMprofethi".
AmaSulumane amaSunni avumelana nabangane abaningi boMphrofethi ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe: ukuthi lo mholi omusha kufanele akhethwe phakathi kwalabo abakwaziyo ukwenza lo msebenzi. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokushona komprofethi uMuhammad, umngane wakhe othandekayo nomeluleki, u-Abu Bakr, waba ikhalifa lokuqala (owalandela esikhundleni noma iphini lomprofethi) lesizwe samaSulumane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi ubuholi bekufanele ngabe buhlala ngaphakathi emndenini woMphrofethi, phakathi kwalabo ababizwa ngegama lakhe uqobo noma phakathi kwababodwa abaphethwe uNkulunkulu uqobo.
AmaShiite amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kokushona komprofethi uMuhammad, ubuholi bekufanele ngabe budlulisile ngqo kumzala wakhe kanye nomkhwenyana wakhe, u-Ali bin Abu Talib. Kuwo wonke umlando, amaSulumane amaShiite awazange alamukele igunya labaholi abakhethiwe abangamaSulumane, akhethe ukulandela umugqa wezinhlaka abakholelwa ukuthi zaqanjwa ngumprofethi uMuhammad noma uNkulunkulu uqobo.
Igama le-Shia ngesi-Arabhu lisho iqembu noma iqembu labantu abasekelayo. Igama elaziwa kakhulu lifushaniswa isazi-mlando uShia't-Ali, noma "Iqembu lika-Ali". Leli qembu laziwa nangokuthi amaShiites noma abalandeli baka-Ahl al-Bayt noma "Abantu bomndeni" (woMphrofethi).
Ngaphakathi kwamagatsha weSunni namaShiite, ungathola nenombolo eyisikhombisa. Isibonelo, eSaudi Arabia, iSunni Wahhabism iyinhlangano eyaziwayo futhi yamaPuritan. Ngokunjalo, kumaShi'ism, amaDruze ayihlelo elihlala e-Lebanon, eSyria nakwa-Israyeli.
Ahlala kuphi amaSulumane amaSunni namaShiite?
AmaSulumane amaSunni amele ama-85% eningi lamaSulumane emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe afana neSaudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen, Pakistan, Indonesia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco neTunisia yiSunni.
Inani elikhulu lamaSulumane amaShiite atholakala e-Iran nase-Iraq. Imiphakathi emikhulu yamaShiite amancane iyatholakala naseY Yemen, eBahrain, eSyria naseLebanon.
Zisezindaweni zomhlaba lapho khona abantu baseSunni nabakwaShiite basondelene lapho ukuxabana kungaqubuka khona. Ukwenza isibonelo e-Iraq naseLebanon, ngokwesibonelo, kuvame ukuba nzima. Ukwehluka ngokwenkolo kugxilile esikweni kangangokuba ukungabekezelelani kuvame ukuholela ebudloveni.
Umehluko ekwenziweni kwenkolo
Ukusuka ekufunweni kokuqala kobuholi bezepolitiki, ezinye izici zokuphila ngokomoya manje ziyehluka phakathi kwala maqembu amabili angamaSulumane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasiko okuthandaza nawomshado.
Ngale ndlela, abantu abaningi baqhathanisa la maqembu amabili namaKatolika namaProthestani. Ngokuyisisekelo, bahlanganyela izinkolelo ezithile ezijwayelekile kepha benza ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma ngabe le mehluko wemibono nokwenza, amaShiite namaSunni amaSulumane ahlanganyela izindikimba eziphambili zenkolelo yamaSulumane futhi abhekwa ngabazalwane abaningi okholweni. Impela, iningi lamaSulumane alihlukanisi ngokwabo abathi bangamalungu eqembu elithile, kepha bamane bakhetha ukuzibiza ngokuthi “amaSulumane”.
Ubuholi bezenkolo
AmaSulumane amaShiite akholelwa ukuthi i-Imam ayinasono ngemvelo nokuthi igunya lakhe alinasici ngoba livela ngokuqondile kuNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, amaSulumane amaShiite ngokuvamile akhonza ama-imams njengabangcwele. Benza uhambo lokuya emathuneni abo nasezindaweni eziphakeme ngethemba lokuncenga.
Lesi sikhundla sabefundisi esichazwe kahle singabamba iqhaza ezindabeni zikahulumeni. I-Iran iyisibonelo esihle lapho i-imam, hhayi umbuso, okuyigunya eliphakeme kunayo yonke.
AmaSulumane amaSunni aphikisana nokuthi asikho isisekelo sobuSulumane besigaba esinefa labaholi abangokomoya futhi empeleni asikho isisekelo sokuhlonishwa noma ukuthandazwa kwabangcwele. Baveza ukuthi ubuholi bomphakathi abulona ilungelo lokuzalwa, kepha kunokwethenjwa okutholwayo futhi okunganikezwa noma kuthathwe ngabantu.
Imibhalo nemikhuba yenkolo
AmaSunni namaShiite amaSulumane alandela iQur'an, kanye nama-hadiths (amazwi) omprofethi kanye ne-sunna (amasiko). Le yimikhuba eyisisekelo okholweni lwamaSulumane. Baphinde banamathela ezinsikeni ezinhlanu zamaSulumane: i-degree, i-salat, i-zakat, i-sawm ne-hajj.
AmaShiite amaSulumane athambekele ukuzizwa enenzondo ebhekise kwabanye abangane bomprofethi uMuhammad. Lokhu kwakha ezikhundleni nasezenzweni zabo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuxabana ngobuholi bomphakathi.
Iningi lalaba bangani (u-Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Al Khattab, Aisha, njll.) Balandise amasiko ngempilo nokuzijwayeza okuhle kukaMphrofethi. AmaSulumane amaShiite alahla la masiko futhi awasekeli noma iyiphi yezinkolo zawo ebufakazini balaba bantu.
Lokhu ngokwemvelo kufaka umehluko othile enkambisweni yenkolo phakathi kwala maqembu womabili. Lokhu kwehluka kuthinta zonke izici ezinemininingwane yempilo yezenkolo: umthandazo, ukuzila ukudla, ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuningi.