Ukuhlushwa kwesokudla kuBuddha
Ngamagama anamuhla, i-Eightfold Buddha Path uhlelo lwezinxenye eziyisishiyagalombili lokuthola ukukhanyiselwa nokusikhulula ku-dukkha (ukuhlupheka). Ukuhlushwa okulungile yingxenye yesishiyagalombili yendlela. Kudinga abelaphi ukuthi bagxilise wonke amandla abo engqondo entweni esemzimbeni noma engqondweni futhi bazijwayeze ama-Four Absorptions, abizwa nangokuthi i-Four Dhyana (Sanskrit) noma i-Four Jhanas (Pali).
Incazelo yokuhlushwa okulungile kuBuddha
Igama elithi ka elihunyushelwe esiNgisini ngokuthi "okuhlushwa" yi-samadhi. Amagama ezimpande ze-samadhi, sam-a-dha, asho "ukubutha".
UJohn Daido Loori Roshi ongasekho, uthisha weSoto Zen, uthe: “USamadhi isimo sokuzwa esingaphezu kokuvuka, ukuphupha noma ubuthongo obukhulu. Kungukuhamba kancane komsebenzi wethu wengqondo ngokuhlushwa ngephuzu elilodwa. " USamadhi uluhlobo oluthile lokuhlushwa okusobala okukodwa; ukugxila, ngokwesibonelo, esifisweni sokufuna ukuziphindisela, noma ngisho nokudla okumnandi, akuyona i-samadhi. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokusho kwe-Noble Eightfold Path ye-Bhikkhu Bodhi, "uSamadhi ungukuhlushwa kuphela okunempilo, ukugxila esimeni esihle sengqondo. Ngisho nalapho ububanzi bayo bungaphansi ngisho nobuncane: akusho ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlushwa olunempilo, kepha kuphela ukuqiniswa okuqinisiwe okuvela emzamweni wamabomu wokuphakamisa ingqondo ibe sezingeni eliphakeme nelicwengekile kakhulu lokuqwashisa. "
Ezinye izingxenye ezimbili zendlela - Umzamo Olungile Nokuqonda Ngendlela efanele - nazo zihambisana nokuqondiswa kwengqondo. Babukeka befana ne-Right Concentration, kepha izinhloso zabo zihlukile. Umzamo Ofanele ubhekisela ekutshaleni okunempilo nokuzihlanza kokungaphilile, kanti i-Right Mindingly ibhekisisa nokuba khona ngokuphelele nokwazi ngomzimba womuntu, izinzwa, imicabango kanye nendawo ezungezile.
Amazinga wokuhlushwa ingqondo abizwa ngokuthi i-dhyanas (Sanskrit) noma i-jhanas (Pali). Ekuqaleni kobuBuddha, kwakukhona ama-dhyana amane, yize ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izikole zanda zaya kwabayisishiyagalolunye kwathi kwesinye isikhathi ezinye zambalwa. Ama-Dhyana amane ayisisekelo abhalwe ngezansi.
Ama-Dhyanas amane (noma uJhanas)
Ama-dhyanas amane, ubhanana noma ukucwilisa kuyindlela yokuthola ngqo ukuhlakanipha kwezimfundiso zikaBuddha. Ikakhulu, ngokusebenzisa ukugxilwa okulungile, singakhululwa ekukhohlisweni kobuntu obuhlukile.
Ukuzwa i-dhyanas, kufanele unqobe izithiyo ezinhlanu: isifiso somzimba, ukuthanda okubi, ukulala nokuxineka, ukungazinaki nokukhathazeka nokungabaza. Ngokusho kwenkosi yamaBuddha, uHenepola Gunaratana, ngayinye yalezi zingqinamba ibhekiswe ngendlela ethile: “Ukucatshangelwa okubucayi kwesimilo sezinto okuyisihluthulelo sokwenza isifiso somzimba; ukucatshangelwa okuhle komusa wothando kupikisana nentando embi; ukucatshangelwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinto zokuzikhandla, ukuzikhandla kanye nokuzibophezela kuphambene nobuvila nokuqina; ukucatshangelwa okuhlakaniphile kokuthula kwengqondo kususa ukungabinakho ukuthula nokukhathazeka; nokucatshangelwa okuhlakaniphile kwezimpawu zangempela zezinto kuqeda ukungabaza. "
Izinkanuko ezingezinhle, izifiso kanye nemicabango kukhishwa ku-dhyana yokuqala. Umuntu ohlala ku-dhyana yokuqala uhlangabezana nokujabha nomuzwa ojulile wokuphila kahle.
Ku-dhyana yesibili, umsebenzi wokuqonda uyanyamalala futhi uthathelwa indawo ukuthula nokuzola kwengqondo. Ukuhlwithwa kanye nomuzwa wokuphila kahle kwe-dhyana yokuqala kusekhona.
Ku-dhyana yesithathu, ayobe iyanyamalala futhi ithathelwe indawo yi-equanimity (upekkha) nokucaca okukhulu.
Ku-dhyana yesine, yonke imizwa iyaphela futhi kusala ukulingana okulinganayo.
Kwezinye izikole zobuBuddha, i-dhyana yesine ichazwa njengolwazi olumsulwa ngaphandle kwe "experimenter". Ngalesi sipiliyoni esiqondile, umuntu nomuntu ohlukile uthathwa njengokukhohlisa.
Izimo ezine ezingabonakali
E-Theravada nakwezinye izikole zobuBuddha, izifundazwe ezine ezingasebenzi ziyafika emva kweDhyana ezine. Lo mkhuba kuhloswe ngawo ukungaphezu kokuqondiswa ingqondo nokuphelelisa izinto ezifanayo zokuzihlaziya. Inhloso yalo mkhuba ukuqeda konke ukubonwa kanye neminye imizwa engahle iqhubeke ngemuva kwe-dhyana.
Ezimweni ezine ezingabonakali, umuntu uqala ahlaziye isikhala esingenamkhawulo, abese engazi okungenamkhawulo, bese-ke okungeyona into ebonakalayo, ngakho-ke akubona ukuqonda noma ukungakuboni. Umsebenzi kuleli zinga ucashile kakhulu futhi kungenzeka uchwepheshe osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Thuthukisa futhi uzilolonge ukugxilisa okulungile
Izikole ezahlukahlukene zobuBuddha zenze izindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa ukugxilwa. Ukuhlushwa okulungile kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuzindla. KuSanskrit nase-, igama lokuzindla lithi bhavana, okusho ukuthi "isiko lengqondo". I-Buddhist bhavana akuwona umkhuba wokuphumula, futhi akukhulunywa ngokuba nemibono noma okuhlangenwe nakho ngaphandle komzimba. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-bhavana iyindlela yokulungisa ingqondo ukuze ikhanyiselwe.
Ukuze uzuze ukugxila okulungile, ochwepheshe abaningi bazoqala ngokwakha isilungiselelo esifanele. Emhlabeni ofanele, lo mkhuba uzokwenzeka ezindlini zezindela; ngaphandle kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo ethule engenaphazamiso. Lapho, udokotela uthatha isimo esimisiwe kodwa esiqondile (imvamisa endaweni yesikhundla esinemilenze eledlule) futhi ugxila kakhulu kuneligama (i-mantra) elingaphindwa kaningi, noma entweni efana nesithombe sikaBuddha.
Ukuzindla kumane kubandakanya ukuphefumula ngokwemvelo futhi kugxilise ingqondo entweni ekhethiwe noma kumsindo okhethiwe. Njengoba ingqondo izulazula, udokotela "uyayibuka masinyane, ayibambe futhi ngobumnene kepha ngokuqinile ayibuyisele entweni, ayiphinde njalo lapho kudingekile."
Yize lo mkhuba ungabonakala ulula (futhi unjalo), kunzima kakhulu kubantu abaningi ngoba imicabango nezithombe zihlala ziphakama. Ehlelweni lokuthola ukugxilwa okulungile, ochwepheshe bangadinga ukusebenza iminyaka ngosizo lomfundisi ofanelekayo ukunqoba isifiso, ulaka, ukufutheka noma ukungabaza.