Imibhalo engcwele yamaHindu
Ngokusho kukaSwami Vivekananda, "ingcebo eqoqiwe yemithetho engokomoya etholwe ngabantu abahlukahlukene emabangeni ahlukile" inombhalo ongcwele wamaHindu. Ngokubizwa ngokuthi yi-Shastra, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemibhalo engcwele emibhalweni yamaHindu: UShruti (ulalele) noSmiti (abanjwe ngekhanda).
Izincwadi zaseSruti zisho umkhuba wabangcwele basendulo abangamaHindu ababephila impilo bebodwa ehlathini, lapho bathuthukisa khona ukwazi okwabavumela "ukulalela" noma ukwazi amaqiniso omhlaba. Izincwadi zakwaSruti zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: amaVedas nama-Upanishads.
Kukhona ama-Vedas amane:
I-Rig Veda - "Ulwazi lwangempela"
I-Sama Veda - "Ulwazi lwezingoma"
I-Yajur Veda - "Ulwazi ngemisiko yokuzidela"
I-Atharva Veda - "Ulwazi lwe-incarnation"
Kunama-Upanishads akhona ayi-108, ayi-10 kuwo abaluleke kakhulu: Isa, Kena, Katha, Prashna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taitiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brihadaranyaka.
Izincwadi zeSmriti zisho "ngekhanda" noma "ezikhunjulwa" izinkondlo kanye nama-epics. Adumile kakhulu phakathi kwamaHindu ngoba kulula ukuwaqonda, achaza amaqiniso asemkhathini ngokusebenzisa izinkomba nezinsumansumane futhi aqukethe ezinye izindaba ezimnandi nezijabulisayo emlandweni wezincwadi zomhlaba ezenkolo. Izincwadi ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zezincwadi zakwaSmriti yile:
IBhagavad Gita - Imibhalo yamaHindu edume kunazo zonke, ebizwa ngokuthi "Iculo Lezinhlekayo", eyabhalwa cishe ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka lesikhathi se-BC futhi iyingxenye yesithupha yeMahabharata. Inezinye zezifundo ezinhle kakhulu zemfundiso yenkolo ngesimo sikaNkulunkulu nangempilo eyake yabhalwa.
I-Mahabharata - I-epic ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni eyabhalwa cishe ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye BC, futhi ibhekene nomzabalazo wamandla phakathi kwemindeni yasePandava neyakwaKaurava, ngokuhlanganiswa kweziqephu eziningi ezakha impilo.
IRamayana - Izintandokazi zamaHindu ezaziwa kakhulu, ezakhiwa iValmiki ezungeza ikhulu le-300 noma le-XNUMX leminyaka BC ngezengezo ezalandela zafika cishe kuma-XNUMX AD. Ichaza indaba yombhangqwana wasebukhosini ka-Ayodhya - uRam noSita kanye nenqwaba yabanye abalingiswa nezenzo zabo.