I-Islam: isingeniso esifushane kwiKoran

I-Quran iyincwadi engcwele yezwe lamaSulumani. Iqoqwe isikhathi seminyaka engama-23 phakathi nekhulu lesikhombisa AD, iQur'an kuthiwa yakhiwa izambulo zika-Allah zaya kumprofethi uMuhammad, ezidluliswa yingelosi uGabriel. Lezi zambulo zabhalwa ngababhali njengoba uMohammed azibiza ngesikhathi sakhe senkonzo, futhi abalandeli bakhe baqhubeka nokuzikhumbula ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Ngokuthanda kukaCaliph Abu Bakr, izahluko namavesi aqoqwe encwadini ngo-632 CE; leyo nguqulo yale ncwadi, ebhalwe ngesi-Arabhu, ibiyincwadi engcwele yamaSulumane iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-13.

I-Islam inkolo ka-Abrahama, ngomqondo wokuthi, njengobuKristu nobuJuda, iveza inzalamizi esebhayibhelini u-Abrahama nenzalo yakhe kanye nabalandeli bakhe.

IKoran
I-Quran iyincwadi engcwele yama-Islam. Yabhalwa ngekhulu lesikhombisa AD
Okuqukethwe kungukuhlakanipha kuka-Allah njengoba kwamukelwa futhi kushunyayelwa nguMuhammad.
I-Koran ihlukaniswe izahluko (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-sura) namavesi (ama-ayat) ubude nobubanzi nezihloko.
Ibuye ihlukaniswe izigaba (juz) njengohlelo lokufunda lwezinsuku ezingama-30 lweRamadan.
I-Islam inkolo ka-Abrahama futhi, njengobuJuda nobuKristu, ihlonipha u-Abrahama njengenzalamizi.
AmaSulumane ahlonipha uJesu ('Isa) njengomprofethi ongcwele nonina uMariya (Mariam) njengowesifazane ongcwele.
I-Organizzazione
I-Koran ihlukaniswe izahluko eziyi-114 zezihloko ezahlukahlukene nobude, obaziwa ngokuthi yi-surah. Isimo ngasinye sakhiwa amavesi, aziwa ngokuthi ama-ayat (noma ayah). Isahluko esifushane kunazo zonke i-Al-Kawthar, enamavesi amathathu kuphela; ezinde kunazo zonke yi-Al-Baqara, enemigqa engama-286. Izahluko zihlukaniswa ngokuthi iMeccan noma iMedinan, ngokususelwa ekutheni zabhalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba kukaMuhammad eMecca (Medinan) noma kamuva (Meccan). Izahluko ezingama-28 zikaMedinan ikakhulukazi zithinta impilo yezenhlalo nokukhula komphakathi wamaSulumane; Ama-Mechanics angama-86 abhekana nokholo kanye nokuphila kwangemva kwalokho.

IKoran ihlukaniswe izigaba ezingama-30 ezilinganayo, noma i-juz '. Lezi zingxenye zihlelekile ukuze umfundi afunde iKoran phakathi nenyanga. Ngenyanga yeRamadan, amaSulumane anconyelwa ukuthi aqede okungenani ukufundwa okugcwele kweQuran kusuka kolwelwesi kuya kwesinye. I-ajiza (ubuningi be-juz ') isebenza njengesiqondisi sokufeza lowo msebenzi.

Izindikimba zeKoran zihlangana kuzo zonke izahluko, kunokuba zethulwe ngokulandelana kwezikhathi noma ngokulandelana kwazo. Abafundi bangasebenzisa i-concordance - inkomba ebala ukusetshenziswa kwegama ngalinye kwiQur'an - ukucinga izingqikithi noma izihloko ezithile.

 

Indalo ngokwe-Quran
Noma umlando wokudalwa kweQur'an uthi "u-Allah wadala amazulu nomhlaba, nakho konke okuphakathi kwawo, ngezinsuku eziyisithupha", igama lesi-Arabhu elithi "yawm" ("usuku") lingahunyushwa kangcono ngokuthi "inkathi ". I-Yawm ichazwa njengobude obuhlukile ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Lo mbhangqwana wokuqala, u-Adamu noHawa, babhekwa njengabazali besintu: U-Adamu ungumprofethi wama-Islam kanti umkakhe uHawa noma uHawawa (ngesi-Arabhu ngo-Eva) ungunina wesintu.

 

Abesifazane kwiKoran
Njengezinye izinkolo zika-Abrahama, kunabesifazane abaningi kwiKoran. Munye kuphela obizwa ngokusobala: Mariam. UMariam ungunina kaJesu, ongumprofethi ngokwenkolo yamaSulumane. Abanye besifazane okukhulunywa ngabo kodwa abangabizwa ngamagama bahlanganisa amakhosikazi ka-Abraham (uSara, uHajar) no-Asiya (uBithiah eHadith), unkosikazi kapharaoh, ongunina kaMose wokutholwa.

I-Quran neTestamente eliSha
IKoran ayibenqabi ubuKhrestu noma ubuJuda, kepha kunalokho ibhekisa kumaKhristu ngokuthi "abantu abasencwadini", okungukuthi, abantu abathole futhi abakholwa izambulo zabaprofethi bakaNkulunkulu. Amavesi aqokomisa amaphuzu afanayo phakathi kwamaKhristu kanye AmaSulumane, kepha abheka uJesu njengomprofethi, hhayi unkulunkulu, futhi axwayisa amaKhristu ukuthi ukukhuleka uKristu njengonkulunkulu kushushuluzela ku-polytheism: AmaSulumane ambona u-Allah njengowukuphela kukaNkulunkulu weqiniso.

“Impela labo abakholwayo nalabo abangamaJuda, amaKhristu namaSabi - noma ngubani okholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngosuku lokugcina futhi enze okuhle, bazowuthola umvuzo wabo eNkosini yabo. Futhi ngeke kube nokwesaba ngabo, futhi ngeke badabuke "(2:62, 5:69 namanye amavesi amaningi).
UMariya noJesu

UMariam, njengoba umama kaJesu Kristu abizwa kanjalo kwiKoran, ungowesifazane olungileyo kwelakhe ilungelo: Isahluko se-19 seKoran sinesihloko esithi Isahluko SikaMariya futhi sichaza inguqulo yamaMuslim yokuqanjwa kukaJesu kukaJesu.

UJesu ubizwa ngokuthi 'u-Isa kwiQur'an, futhi izindaba eziningi ezitholakala eTestamenteni eNtsha nazo ziseQur'an, kubandakanya lezo zindaba zokuzalwa kwakhe ngokuyisimangaliso, izimfundiso zakhe nezimangaliso azenzayo. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi kwiQur'an uJesu ungumprofethi othunywe nguNkulunkulu, hhayi yindodana yakhe.

 

Ukuhamba ezweni: inkhulumomphendvulwano ehlobene
I-Juz '7 yeKoran inikezelwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwingxoxo exhumanayo. Ngenkathi u-Abraham nabanye abaprofethi bemema abantu ukuba babe nokholo futhi bashiye izithixo zamanga, iQur'an icela amakholwa ukuthi abekezelele ngesineke ukwenqatshwa kwe-Islam ngabangewona amakholwa futhi bangazithatheli mathupha.

Kepha uma u-Allah wayefuna, babengeke bazihlanganise. Futhi asikaze sikubize ngegama lokuthi ungumfundisi kubo, futhi awuyena umphathi kubo. ” (6: 107)
udlame
Abagxeki banamuhla boSulumane bathi iQur'an ikhuthaza ubushokobezi. Yize yabhalwa ngesikhathi sobudlova obujwayelekile nokuphindisela ngesikhathi secala, iQur'an ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ubulungiswa, ukuthula nokulinganisela. Ukhuthaza ngokusobala amakholwa ukuthi anqabe ukuwela udlame lwamahlelo, udlame olubhekiswe kwabazalwane.

“Kepha labo abahlukanisa inkolo yabo futhi bahlukanise amahlelo, aniyona ingxenye yalokho. Ubuhlobo babo buno-Allah; ekugcineni uzobatshela iqiniso kukho konke abakwenzile. " (6: 159)
Ulimi lwesi-Arabhu lweKoran
Umbhalo wesi-Arabhu we-Arabhu yokuqala yase-Arabhu uyafana futhi awushintshi kusukela kwembulwa ngawo ngekhulu lesikhombisa AD. Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 amaSulumane emhlabeni awasikhulumi isi-Arabhu njengolimi lwawo, futhi kunezinguqulo eziningi zeKoran ezitholakala ngesiNgisi nangezinye izilimi . Kodwa-ke, ukuphinda imithandazo nokufunda izahluko namavesi eQur'an, amaSulumane asebenzisa isi-Arabhu ukubamba iqhaza njengengxenye yokholo lwawo.

 

Ukufunda nokwenza
Umprofethi uMuhammadia wayala abalandeli bakhe ukuthi "bayihlobise iKoran ngamazwi akho" (Abu Dawud). Ukuphindwa kweQur'an eqenjini kuyindlela ejwayelekile futhi ukuzibophezela okucacile nokujabulisayo kuyindlela amalungu agcina futhi ahlanganyele ngayo imiyalezo yayo.

Ngenkathi ukuhumusha okuningi kwesiNgisi kweQur'an kuqukethe imibhalo yaphansi, amanye amavesi angadinga incazelo eqhubekayo noma abekwe esimweni esiphelele ngokwengeziwe. Uma kunesidingo, abafundi basebenzisa i-Tafseer, i-exegesis noma ukuphawula, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi.