Iqiniso elingenakuphikwa eziteshini zesiphambano

Sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana nama-anti-Semitism kubuciko besonto.

Bengilokhu ngihlatshwa umxhwele idrama yeziteshi zesiphambano futhi ngilulazwa ngokukhumbula kwabo umthwalo wami ojwayelekile ekubethelelweni kukaJesu. Kepha lokhu bekuqonda kufanelekile ukuza ngenkathi ngithandaza eziteshini kunokubona imisebenzi yobuciko: ngenkathi ukutolika ngobuciko iziteshi zesiphambano zingaba umxhwele ngokufisa nemininingwane, kungaleyo mininingwane ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi sithola udeveli.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ngihlala eduzane futhi ngithandazela iziteshi, ngisanda kuqaphela impumulo ebunjiwe. Kusukela lapho ngibonile ezinye izingqophamlando zamaJuda eziteshini zamasonto amaningi, kufaka phakathi izindebe ezinde nezimpondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ekubonakaleni ubuJuda bakhe, kwesinye isikhathi uJesu unezinwele ezikhanyayo kunamaJuda ayemzungezile.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo, kuvamile ukubona umthetho ongokwenkolo oqinile omelwe emifanekisweni yamaJuda asendulo. Iziteshi eziningi ziqukethe izibalo zenkolo ngezingalo eziwela ngokuqinile, ezikude, ezibuka ngokudabukisayo endaweni yesehlakalo futhi zimangalela ngokumangalela uJesu noma zimsunduza zibheke eKalvari.

Yize kubonakala kungalungile, iziteshi eziningi zifaka umlingisi wenkolo yamaJuda ephethe umqulu. Ngenkathi ukungakholelwa mayelana nobumlando bokukhethwa kobuciko okwenziwe ezigcawini ezincane ezivezwe esiteshini ngasinye kumele kumiswe njalo, kubonakala kungelindelekile ukuthi umuntu alethe umqulu wezenkolo ngokubethelwa. (Yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwesikhumba esingaba lolo?) Esiteshini se-XNUMX sesonto lami, ngokwesibonelo, umgcini wecala uyavuma esikhwameni esingabhalisiwe, axoxe ngaso nomuntu asebenza naye, kucabanga ukuthi uzobeka icala lokuthi uJesu ubethelwe esiphambanweni phambi kwabo. Kwesinye isethi, le ndoda ibamba isikhumba esifubeni sayo bese ikhomba kuJesu owile.

Lokhu kudlulela ngalé kokubonisa ngokweqiniso abantu bangempela, njengoKayafase. Ngakho-ke kungani kukhona isikhumba lapho? Abanye bangayibona njengengxenye yokwenqaba kukaJesu inkolo, okungeyona ingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wokusindiswa futhi obonakala kungafanele. Ngaphezu nje kokucekelwa phansi yinhlangano yezenkolo ekhona, isikhumba kumele sisho ukuthi umthetho (okuhlala njalo kakhulu kunompristi ophakeme wamanje) futhi, ngokunweba, labo abawuphilayo. Ngokomfanekiso, ubukhona bakhe bukhomba ngaphezu kwabaholi bakaJesu besikhathi samaJuda ukusola wonke amaJuda.

Izazi ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya uSara Lipton, uRuth Mellinkoff noHeinz Schreckenberg, zithole ukuthi izinkolelo-ze ezinjalo zivamile kwezobuciko bangezikhathi ezingamaKristu, kanye nasezifundweni zemfundiso yezenkolo kanye nokuphawula, futhi bahlose ukuhlukanisa, ukungcolisa kanye nokulahla amaJuda. Ngenkathi iziteshi emasontweni aseMelika zisanda kakhulu, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zitayela ezisusayo zisekhona ngoba yindlela abaculi - noma ngabe bengahlosile inhloso - bafunda ukumela amaJuda. Kungashiwo okufanayo nangabafundisi bezenkolo abanye nabaphristi.

Lapho ngibuza ochwepheshe ukuthi bangiphawule, abanye babengamangali ngenkathi abanye bephikisa, benqaba umbono wami ngokunemba kwezepolitiki. Omunye ubuze ukuthi ngabe kunamaJuda yini emndenini wami okucacile ukuthi uchaza - futhi wahluleka - imibono yami. Abanye bangitshele ukuthi ukuba khona kwezibalo zenkolo yamaJuda kukhombisa ukulahla inkolo kukaJesu futhi akusona isahlulelo samaJuda ngokubanzi. Abanye bathi izinkulumo ezinobubele zaseVeronica, abesifazane baseJerusalema noJoseph wase-Arimathea bakhombisile ukuthi iziteshi aziwona ama-Semitic.

Kungahle kube nokuthile ngalokhu, kepha khumbula ukubukeza kwe-The Passion of Christ okwathi: "AmaJuda kuphela amahle ayengamaKristu." Ngiphinde nganconywa ukuthi ngibone iziteshi njengezabalaza amaRoma ngenxa yezithombe zabo ezinobutha. Mhlawumbe, kepha iphuzu laliyoba namandla ukube amaRoma ayephethwe kabi ngobudlova iminyaka eyikhulu.

Njengoba isonto selilondoloze amakhulu eminyaka, umthwalo wokufa kukaJesu uwela kuzo zonke izoni ngasosonke isikhathi, hhayi kuphela, noma ngokungakhethi, kumaJuda. Ukuthatha ikhathekizimu yamaRoma yekhulu leshumi nesithupha, ikhathekizimuya yeSonto lamaKhatholika ithi: "ISonto alinqikazi ukusola amaKristu ngesibopho esikhulu sokuhlupheka esiphiwe nguJesu, umthwalo wemfanelo futhi kaningi abenze ubunzima kumaJuda kuphela".

Ngenkathi amaKhristu amaningi ethi le mfundiso yokuzibophezela kwendawo yonke (ku-The Passion of Christ, izandla ezithinta izinzipho kuJesu zingezomqondisi uMel Gibson ukuqaphela umthwalo wakhe owabiwe), phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, abaningi baye bakwazi ukufaka isithombe esengeziwe-- noma, njengoba i-Catechism ibona, kukhethekile: ukusola kumaJuda, okuholela kuma-pogroms, ukubulawa kohlanga, futhi manje kumashibhana amangalisayo nama-choruse ngekhulu lama-21 laseMelika. Ezinye izifundiswa zithi ubuciko bobuKhrestu bunendima ekwakheni le nzondo.

Angicabangi ukuthi lokho kwenza iziteshi zama-anti-Semitic zifane nokuzinikela: Ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi abazinikele bacabanga ngezibopho zabo hhayi ngamaJuda. Kepha ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi ezinye iziteshi zesiphambano, kaningi ngaphambi kweVietnam II, zizishiya emihlanganweni elwa nama-anti-Semitic stereotypes. Ukubeka eceleni noma yisiphi isahlulelo kulabo baculi bangaphambilini, yini okufanele siyenze ukucasula iziteshi emabandleni ethu namuhla?

Noma kungazwakala kanjani, angiphikisani nokususwa kwabantu abaningi noma ukushintshwa kwesiteshi (noma kunjalo, ngokuthokozisayo, iWashington National Cathedral isuse amawindows engilazi anezithombe zama-Confederate ojenene). Akuwona wonke amasethi esiteshi "anamacala". Amaningi abalulekile emasikweni kanti amanye muhle. Kepha kubonakala kubalulekile ukusizakala ngomzuzu ofundisekayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma iziteshi zenzelwe ukusisiza ukuba sizindle ngomhlatshelo kaJesu, akufanele yini sazi izakhi ezikuzo - ngamabomu, ngamabomu noma ngokungazi - ukuphambukisela umthwalo wethu wemfanelo?

Isonto lapho ngithole khona iziteshi ezi-stereotyped kwakuyisakhiwo esisha esingajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokungabaza, iziteshi ezazidluliselwa kwesinye esidala. Amafasitela anamuhla wesakhiwo esisha aveza izithombe ezazigubha ifa lamaJuda leTestamente eliDala lobuKristu. Izibhebhe ezingilazi ezibunjiwe zeMiyalo Eyishumi zaziseduze kwesiteshi siphethe isiphatho sombhalo samaJuda, umbhalo oshukumisa izingxoxo ezithokozisayo.

Okungenani, le ngxoxo ibonakala iyathandeka futhi isonto uqobo linganikeza ukuholwa ngemfundiso. UNostra Aetate (Isimemezelo ngobudlelwano beSonto nezinkolo ezingezona ezobuKhristu) ugcizelela ukuthi "okwenzeka othandweni luka [Jesu] akunakusolwa ngawo wonke amaJuda, ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa, ngakho-ke kuyaphila, futhi akumelani namaJuda anamuhla. . . . AmaJuda akufanele avezwe njengalahliwe noma aqalekiswe uNkulunkulu, kube sengathi lokhu kulandelwa yimibhalo eNgcwele. "

Eminye imibhalo evela kubabhishobhi baseVietnam nabaseMelika banikeza imigomo ethile eqondile. Ababhishobhi "" Izindlela zokuhlola ukucatshangwa kwePastion "zithi" uJesu akumelwe aboniswe ngokuhlukile noMthetho (iTorah) ". Yize bekhuluma ngemisebenzi kaPastor, isiyalo ngokuqinisekile sifaka nobuciko obonakalayo: "Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zenkolo kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Imibukiso ye-menorah, amatafula omthetho nezinye izimpawu zamaJuda kufanele abonakale kulo mdlalo futhi axhunyaniswe noJesu nabangane bakhe kungasaphathwa ngeThempeli noma nalabo abaphikisana noJesu. "Kungacatshangelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyasebenza nakwa imiqulu ebiphethwe yizibalo zenkolo yamaJuda eziteshini.

Njengoba nje abanye becabanga ukuthi babona kakhulu eziteshini ezithile, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi abanye babona okuningi. Akuwona wonke uchungechunge lwesiteshi engibonile equkethe izinto ezikhubekisayo. Iziteshi zifanelwe nokuhlaziywa okwengeziwe, zombili izazi kanye namabandla, ukuhlolwa okufanele kufake nemibono yamaJuda.

Ukuphikisana kwami ​​kungafingqwa kulokho iVatican ekuphawula ngendlela "efanelekile yokwethula amaJuda nobuJuda ekushumayeleni nakumbhalo weSonto lamaRoma Katolika" kusho iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 edlule: "Ukuphuthuma kanye Ukubaluleka kwemfundiso eqondile, inhloso kanye nokuqina okuqinile kubuJuda ngokuthembekile kwethu futhi kulandela ingozi yokulwa namaSemite, ehlala ilungele ukuvela futhi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Umbuzo awukhona nje ukuqeda izinsalela zokulwa nama-Semitism phakathi kwabathembekile abasazotholakala lapha nalaphaya, kodwa kunalokho ukuvusa kubo, ngomsebenzi wokufundisa, ulwazi oluqondile lwe "bond" oluhlukile ngokuphelele (uNostra Aetate, 4) ) esihlanganyela nathi njengeSonto lamaJuda nobuJuda ”.

Esikhundleni sokulahla iziteshi zesiphambano noma zesonto, umsebenzi wokufundisa onjalo kufanele ukhombe futhi uphathe umdlavuza wesikhathi eside. Kokubili okusuka e-altare nakumaqembu amancane, ukuhlaziya okunjalo kungangabaza - ukusabela ekususweni kwezibalo zeConfederate kubhekwe - kepha kufanele kwenzeke. Lapho ama-anti-Semitism evela futhi emithunzi, ababhishobhi baseMelika basheshe basola ubandlululo kanye ne "neo-Nazism" eyavela kabuhlungu eCharlottesville, eVirginia. Kufanele futhi sizilungiselele ukukhanyisa umlando wethu, ikakhulukazi lokho okufihlekile emehlweni ethu.