Ukugudlwa eSontweni lamaKhatholika: umhlahlandlela ophelele
Kubantu abaningi, igama elithi kukhululwa lisusa izithombe ze-Spanish Enquisition, ziphelele ngentambo nezintambo futhi mhlawumbe zishisa esigxotsheni. Yize ukugxothwa ekhaya kuyindaba engathí sina, iSonto lamaKhatholika alikubheki ukukhipha izono njengesijeziso, ukukhuluma ngokungqongqo, kodwa njengezinyathelo zokulungisa. Njengoba nje umzali enganika ingane "isikhathi sokuphuma" noma "impande" ukumsiza ukuthi acabange ngalokho akwenzile, iphuzu lokukhipha inyumbazana ukubiza umuntu ukuthi axoshwe ekuphendukeni futhi ambuyisele engxoxweni ephelele neSonto lamaKhatholika isakramente lokuvuma.
Kepha kuyini ukucwaswa?
Khipha umusho munye
Ukhipha iziqu, kubhala uFr. UJohn Hardon, SJ, esichazamazwini sakhe sanamuhla sama Katolika, uthi "Ukusolwa kwabantu okuyisisekelo senkolo lapho umuntu ehlukaniswa ngokweqile nabangathembekile".
Ngamanye amazwi, ukususa ebandleni kuyindlela iSonto lamaKhatholika elizwakalisa ngayo ukungavunyelwa okukhulu kwesenzo esithathwe umKatolika obhapathizwe oziphethe kabi noma ngandlela thile imibuzo esidlangalaleni noma ebukela phansi iqiniso lokholo lwamaKatolika. Ukususa ekuhlanganyeleni kuyisijeziso esibucayi kakhulu iSonto esingasibeka kumKatolika obhaphathiziweyo, kepha kubekwa ngenxa yothando lomuntu kanye neBandla. Iphuzu lokuxoshwa kukwenza umuntu akholwe ukuthi isenzo sakhe besingalungile, ukuze akwazi ukuzisola ngalesi senzo futhi abuyisane neSonto futhi, esimweni sezenzo esidala ukuthuka umphakathi, ingabe abanye bayazi ukuthi isenzo yomuntu uthathwa njengemukelekile yiSonto LamaKatolika.
Kusho ukuthini ukuxoshwa?
Imiphumela yokuxoshwa isungulwa kwiKhodi Yomthetho weCanon, imithetho elawulwa yiSonto LamaKatolika. ICanon 1331 ithi "Umuntu oxoshiwe uvinjelwe"
Yiba nengxenye yabefundisi emkhosini wokugubha umhlatshelo we-Ekaristi noma eminye imikhosi yenkolo yanoma yiluphi uhlobo;
Gubha amasakramente noma amasakramente bese wemukela amasakramente;
Ukusebenzisa amahhovisi, izinkonzo noma imisebenzi yamasonto yanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma ukubeka imisebenzi kahulumeni.
Imiphumela yokuxoshwa
Umphumela wokuqala usebenza kubafundisi: ababhishobhi, abapristi kanye nabadikoni. Isibonelo, umbhishobhi osexoshiwe akakwazi ukunikeza i-Sacrament of Confirmation noma ahlanganyele ekugcotshweni komunye umbhishobhi, umpristi noma idikoni; umpristi oxoshiwe akakwazi ukugubha isisindo; futhi idikoni elixoshwa lingakwazi ukwengamela isakramente lomshado noma lihlanganyele emgubhweni esidlangalaleni wesakramente leBhaphathizo. (Kunokuhluka okubalulekile kulo mphumela, okuphawulwe kuCanon 1335: "ukuvinjelwa kuyamiswa noma nini lapho kunesidingo ukunakekela abathembekile abasengozini yokufa." Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umpristi oxoshiwe anganikela ngemiNtu yokuGcina futhi alalele ama Ukuvuma kokugcina komKatolika oshonayo.)
Umphumela wesibili usebenza kubo bobabili abefundisi kanye nabantu, abangakwazi ukwamukela noma imaphi amasakramente ngenkathi bexoshwa (ngaphandle kwe-Sacrament of Confession, ezimweni lapho ukuvuma izono kwanele ukususa isijeziso sokuxoshwa).
Umphumela wesithathu usebenza kakhulu kwabefundisi (ngokwesibonelo, umbhishobhi oxoshiwe akakwazi ukusebenzisa igunya lakhe elijwayelekile edokodweni lakhe), kodwa futhi ukubeka abantu abenza imisebenzi yomphakathi egameni leSonto LamaKhatholika (asho, uthisha esikoleni samaKatolika). ).
Akuyona yini into yokugxothwa
Iphuzu lokuxoshwa kwesinye isikhathi livame ukungaqondakali. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma umuntu exoshwa, "akasaseyena umKatolika." Kepha njengoba iSonto lingagxotha umuntu kuphela uma kungumKatolika obhapathiziwe, umuntu oxoshiwe uhlala engumKatolika ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwakhe - ngaphandle kokuthi, empeleni, uyazithethelela (okusho ukuthi ulahla ngokuphelele ukholo lobuKhatholika). Endabeni yokuhlubuka, noma kunjalo, akukhona ukuxoshwa okungamenzi abe umKatolika ngokwengeziwe; kwakuyisinqumo sakhe esiqondile ukushiya iSonto lamaKatolika.
Inhloso yeBandla kunoma yikuphi ukucishwa kwesibopho ukukholisa umuntu oxoshiwe ukuba abuyele engxoxweni ephelele neSonto lamaKhatholika ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuxoshwa
Kunezinhlobo zokuxoshwa ezaziwa ngamagama abo esiLatini. Ukuchithwa kwesidumbu yilokho okubekwa kumuntu yigunya leSonto (ngokujwayelekile umbhishobhi wakhe). Lolu hlobo lokuxoshwa luvame ukungajwayelekile.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhipha lubizwa ngokuthi yi-latae sententiae. Lolu hlobo lwaziwa nangolwesiNgisi ngokuthi "ukucisha okuzenzakalelayo". Ukuxoshwa okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka lapho umKatolika ebamba iqhaza ezenzweni ezithile ezithathwa njengezinokuziphatha okubi kakhulu noma okuphambene neqiniso lokholo lwamaKatolika kangangokuba isenzo esifanayo sikhombisa ukuthi usezihlanganisile ekuhlanganyeleni ngokuphelele neSonto lamaKatolika.
Ukwenza kanjani ukucishwa okuzenzakalelayo?
Umthetho weCanon ubala ezinye zalezi zenzo eziholela ekuxoshweni okuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, ukuzihlubuka enkolweni yamaKatolika, ukukhuthaza obala ukuhlubuka noma ukuzibandakanya ekuphikiseni, okungukuthi, ukwenqaba igunya elifanele eSontweni lamaKatolika (Canon 1364); lahla izinhlobo ezigcotshwe ze-Eucharist (isivakashi noma newayini ngemuva kokuba sebebe nguMzimba neGazi likaKristu) noma "uzigcine ngezinhloso zokuhlanjululwa" (Canon 1367); ukuhlasela upapa ngokomzimba (Canon 1370); futhi ukukhipha isisu (esimweni sikamama) noma ukukhokha isisu (Canon 1398).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abefundisi bangathola ukucishwa okuzenzakalelayo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuveza izono ezavunywa kubo kwi-Sacrament of Confession (Canon 1388) noma ngokuhlanganyela ekungcwelisweni kombhishobhi ngaphandle kwemvume kapapa (Canon 1382).
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uphakamise isiboshwa?
Njengoba iphuzu elisemqoka lokuxoshwa kuzanywa ukukholisa umuntu okhonjiwe ukuba aphenduke esenzweni sakhe (ukuze umphefumulo wakhe ungabe usaba sengozini), ithemba leSonto le-Katolika ukuthi noma yikuphi ukucoshwa kwesandla ekugcineni kuzophakanyiswa, futhi kungekudala emva. Kwezinye izimo, njengokukhipha othomathikhi okuzenzakalelayo ukuthola isisu noma ukuhlubuka, ukuquka noma ukuphika, ukuxoshwa kungavuswa ngokuvuma izono okuqotho, okuphelele nokuyisusa. Kwabanye, njengalabo abamelelwa ukugcotshwa okuphikisana ne-Eucharist noma ukwephula uphawu lokuqina, ukuxoshwa kungaphakanyiswa upapa kuphela (noma umhambeli wakhe).
Umuntu owazi ukuthi ungaphansi kokuxoshwa futhi ufuna ukuthi kukhululwe lowo msulwa kufanele aqale axhumane nomfundisi wakhe futhi axoxe ngezimo ezithile. Umpristi uzomeluleka ngokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingadingeka ukukhulisa ukucishwa kwakhe.
Ngisengozini yokuxoshwa?
UmKatolika ojwayelekile kungenzeka abe sengozini yokuxoshwa. Isibonelo, ukungabaza ngasese ngezimfundiso zeSonto Lama Katolika, uma kungezwakali obala noma kufundiswe njengeqiniso, akufani nalokho kokuhlubuka, kuyekele ukuhlubuka.
Kodwa-ke, umkhuba okhulayo wokukhipha isisu phakathi kwamaKatolika nokuguqulwa kwamaKatolika abe yizinkolo ezingezona ezobuKristu kubandakanya ukususwa ekuhlanganyeleni. Ukuthi ubuyiselwe ekuhlanganyeleni ngokugcwele neSonto lamaKhatholika ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthola amasakramente, ukukhipha isidumbu okunjalo kufanele kuchithwe.
Ukubheja okwaziwayo
Iningi lezingcindezi ezidumile emlandweni, kunjalo, yilezo ezihlotshaniswa nabaholi abahlukahlukene bamaProthestani, njengoMartin Luther ngo-1521, uHenry VIII ngo-1533 no-Elizabeth I ngo-1570. Mhlawumbe udaba olunamandla kakhulu lokuxoshwa kwalowo mbusi ongumRoma oNgcwele uHenry IV , uxoshwe kathathu nguPapa Gregory VII. Ephendula ukususwa kwakhe, uHenry wenza uhambo lokuya ePapa ngoJanuwari 1077 futhi wahlala eqhweni ngaphandle kwesiGodlo seCanossa izinsuku ezintathu, engagqokile izicathulo, eshesha futhi egqoke ihembe, kuze kube yilapho uGregory evuma ukuphakamisa ukucishwa kwakhe.
Ukukhishwa okudumile kakhulu okwenziwe eminyakeni edlule kwenzeka lapho uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uMarcel Lefebvre, umsekeli weMass yesiLatini wendabuko kanye nomsunguli we-Society of Saint Pius X, enikezela ababhishobhi abane ngaphandle kwemvume kaPapa John Paul II ngo-1988. UMbhishobhi Omkhulu uLebebvre kanye nabo bonke laba bishobhi abasha abasanda kugcotshwa bathola ukuxoshwa okuzenzakalelayo, okwachithwa nguPapa Benedict XVI ngonyaka we-2009.
NgoDisemba ka-2016, umculi we-pop uMadonna, engxenyeni ye- "Carpool Karaoke" ku-The Late Late Show With James Corden, wathi uxoshwe kathathu yiSonto LamaKatolika. Ngenkathi uMadonna, owabhapathizwa futhi ekhulisa ongumKatolika, wayehlala egxekwa abapristi bamaKatolika nababhishobhi ngezingoma zakhe ezihlekisayo nangamakhonsathi akhe, akazange axoshwe ngokusemthethweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uMadonna wagxothwa othomathikhi ezenzweni ezithile, kepha kulokhu akuzange kumenyezelwe obala iSonto lamaKatolika kulokhu.