Impilo kaBuddha, uSiddhartha Gautama

Impilo kaSiddhartha Gautama, umuntu esimbiza ngoBuddha, ugcwele inganekwane nentsomi. Yize iningi lezazi-mlando likholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona umuntu onjalo, kuncane kakhulu esikwaziyo ngomuntu wangempela womlando. I-"biography" ejwayelekile ebikwe kule ndatshana ibukeka sengathi yavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yaqedwa kakhulu yi "Buddhacarita", inkondlo ebabhali eyabhalwa u-Aśvaghoṣa ngekhulu lesibili AD

Ukuzalwa nomndeni kaSiddhartha Gautama
U-Buddha wesikhathi esizayo, uSiddhartha Gautama, wazalwa ngekhulu lesihlanu noma lesithupha BC eLumbini (eNepal yanamuhla). ISiddhartha yigama lesiSanskrit elisho ukuthi "ophumelele umgomo" kanti iGautama yigama lomndeni.

Ubaba wakhe, inkosi uSuddhodana, wayengumholi wesizwe esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi uShakya (noma uSakya). Ukusuka emibhalweni yokuqala akucaci ukuthi wayeyinkosi eyindlalifa yini noma ngaphezulu kwenduna yesizwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wakhethwa kulesi simo.

USuddhodana ushade nodadewabo ababili, uMaya noPajapati Gotami. Kuthiwa bekungamakhosazana enye imindeni, amaKoliya, aqhamuka enyakatho neNdiya namuhla. UMaya wayengunina kaSiddhartha futhi wayeyindodakazi yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo. Washona ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwakhe. UPajapati, kamuva owaba indelakazi yokuqala yamaBuddha, wakhulisa uSiddhartha njengowakhe.

Ngawo wonke ama-akhawunti, uPrince Siddhartha kanye nomndeni wakhe bebengomphumi weqhawe lakwaKshatriya nomculi ovelele. Phakathi kwezihlobo zikaSiddhartha ezaziwa kakhulu kwakukhona umzala wakhe u-Ananda, indodana yomfowabo kayise. U-Ananda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba ngumfundi nomsizi weBuddha. Wayemncane impela kunoSiddhartha, futhi babengazani njengabantwana.

Isiprofetho kanye nomshado osemusha
Lapho iPrince Siddhartha inezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuthiwa, saint waprofeta mayelana nenkosana. Ngokwemibiko, abangcwele abayisishiyagalolunye bakwaBrahman benza lesi siprofetho. Kwakubikezelwe ukuthi umfana wayezoba umbusi omkhulu noma inkosi enkulu ngokomoya. Inkosi uSuddhodana ithande umphumela wokuqala futhi yalungisa indodana yakhe ngokufanele.

Wakhulisa umfana ngokunethezeka okukhulu futhi wamvikela nolwazi lwenkolo nokuhlupheka kwabantu. Eminyakeni engu-16 ubudala, wayeganwe ngumzala wakhe uYasodhara, naye owayeneminyaka eyi-16. Ngokungangabazeki lokhu kwakuwumshado obuhlelwe yimindeni, njengoba kwakuyisiko ngaleso sikhathi.

U-Yasodhara wayeyindodakazi yenkosi yaseKoliya kanti umama wakhe wayengudadewethu weNkosi uSoddhodana. Wayengudadewabo kaDevadatta, owaba ngumfundi kaBuddha futhi, ngandlela thile, imbangi eyingozi.

Izindawo ezine zokudlula
Isikhulu safinyelela eminyakeni engama-29 ubudala sinolwazi oluncane lomhlaba ngaphandle kwezindonga zezigodlo zakhe zobukhosi. Wayengazi iqiniso lokugula, ukuguga nokufa.

Ngelinye ilanga, ekhungathekile ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, uPrince Siddhartha wacela umgibeli wenqola ukuthi amphelezele ochungechungeni lwezinyawo ezihamba emaphandleni. Kula mahambo wathuswa ukubona ikhehla, kwabe sekugula indoda yabe isidumbu sayo. Amaqiniso anokhahlo okuguga, izifo nokufa athumba futhi alimaza isikhulu.

Ekugcineni wabona ukuzulazula. Umshayeli wachaza ukuthi i-ascetic ngomuntu olahle umhlaba futhi wazama ukuzikhulula ekwesabeni ukufa nokuhlupheka.

Lokhu kuhlangana okuguqula impilo kuzokwaziwa kuBuddha njengezindawo ezine zokudlula.

Ukulahla kukaSiddhartha
Isikhathi esithile isikhulu sibuyele empilweni yesigodlo, kepha ayizange ikujabulele. Akathandanga nezindaba zokuthi unkosikazi wakhe uYasodhara uzale indodana. Umfana wabizwa uRahula, okusho ukuthi "ukubethela".

Ngobunye ubusuku inkosana yazulazula yodwa esigodlweni. Ubukhazikhazi ayekade abuthanda babonakala bubuxaka. Abaculi nezomdanso amantombazane babelala belele phansi, behlwitha futhi bekhafulela. INkosana uSiddhartha ibonakalisa ukuguga, izifo nokufa okuzobadlula bonke bese kuguqula imizimba yabo ibe luthuli.

Wabona-ke ukuthi wayesengaseneliswa wukuphila impilo yesikhulu. Ngabo lobo busuku wasuka esigodlweni, wanikina ikhanda futhi waguquka ezembathweni zakhe zasebukhosini wagqoka ingubo yothayela. Ngokunikeza konke ukunethezeka ayekade ekwazi, waqala ukufuna kwakhe izibani.

Ukusesha kuqala
USiddhartha waqala ngokufuna othisha abadumile. Bamfundisa amafilosofi enkolo amaningi osuku lwakhe nokuthi angazindla kanjani. Ngemuva kokufunda konke ababekufundisa, ukungabaza kwakhe nemibuzo kwasala. Wahamba nabafundi abahlanu ukuyothola ukukhanyiselwa bona.

Abalingani abayisithupha bazame ukuzikhulula ekuhluphekeni ngesiyalo somzimba: bakhuthazelela izinhlungu, babambe umoya futhi bashesha bacishe ukuzilamba. Kodwa-ke uSiddhartha wayengakeneliseki.

Kwenzeka kuye ukuthi, ngokuyeka ubumnandi, wayebambe okuphambene nenjabulo, okwakuyizinhlungu nokuzinikeza isitifiketi. Manje uSiddhartha wacubungula umugqa ophakathi nendawo phakathi kwalezo zimo ezimbili eziwebayo.

Wakhumbula okuhlangenwe nakho kobuntwana bakhe lapho ingqondo yakhe yayizinze isesimweni sokuthula okukhulu. Wabona ukuthi indlela yenkululeko yayihamba ngokuyala kwengqondo, futhi wabona ukuthi esikhundleni sokulamba ngendlala, wayedinga ukondliwa ukuze akhe amandla akhe ngokuzikhandla. Lapho amukela isitsha sobisi lwerayisi entombazaneni, abangane bakhe bacabanga ukuthi uyekile ukusesha futhi bamshiya.

Ukukhanyiselwa kweBuddha
USiddhartha wayehlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla somkhiwane esingcwele (iFikisimoii), esaziwa njalo ngeBodhi Tree (bodhi isho "ukuvuswa"). Kulapho lapho ahlala khona wazindla.

Umzabalazo engqondweni kaSiddhartha waba yinganekwane njengempi enkulu neMara. Igama ledemoni lisho "ukubhujiswa" futhi limela izinkanuko ezisikhohlisayo nezisiqobayo. UMara waletha amabutho amakhulu ezilo ukuba zihlasele uSiddhartha, owayengashukumi futhi engasasebenzi. Indodakazi enhle kaMara yayizama ukuyenga uSiddhartha, kepha lo mzamo wehlulekile.

Ekugcineni, uMara wathi indawo yokukhanyisa ingeyakhe. Ukufezeka okungokomoya kukaMara kwakukhulu kakhulu kunokukaSiddhartha, kusho idemoni. Amasosha amakhulu kaMara amemeza ndawonye: "Ngingufakazi wakhe!" UMara waphonsela uSiddhartha inselelo, "Ngubani ozokukhulumela?"

Lapho-ke uSiddhartha welula isandla sakhe sokudla ukuthinta umhlaba, umhlaba ngokwawo wabhonga: "Ngiyakufakaza!" UMara unyamalele. Ngenkathi inkanyezi yokusa inyuka isibhakabhaka, uSiddhartha Gautama wathola ukukhanyiselwa futhi waba yi-buddha, echazwa ngokuthi "ungumuntu osethole ukukhanyiselwa okugcwele".

I-Buddha njengomfundisi
Ekuqaleni, uBuddha wayenqikaza ukufundisa ngoba lokho ayekufezile akunakuthunyelwa ngamazwi. Kungalesi kuphela isiyalo nokucaciswa kwengqondo lapho ukudumala kunganyamalala futhi ne-Great Reality kungatholwa. Izilaleli ngaphandle kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile zaziyobambelela ekucabangeni futhi ngokuqinisekile zingaqonda kahle konke akusho. Kodwa-ke, isihawu samncenga ukuthi azame ukudlulisa lokho akwenzile.

Ngemuva kokukhanyiselwa, waya eDeer Park yase-Isipatana, esifundazweni esikhona njengamanje se-Uttar Pradesh, eNdiya. Lapho, wathola abangane abahlanu ababemlahlile futhi wabashumayeza intshumayelo yakhe yokuqala.

Le ntshumayelo igcinwe njenge-Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta futhi igxile kumaqiniso amane weNine. Esikhundleni sokufundisa izimfundiso ngokukhanyiselwa, uBuddha wakhetha ukunquma indlela yokwenza abantu abangazikhanyisela ngayo.

UBuddha uzinikele ekufundiseni futhi waheha amakhulu abalandeli. Ekugcineni, wabuyisana noyise, iKosi Suddhodana. Umkakhe, u-Yasodhara ozinikele, waba indela nomfundi. URahula, indodana yakhe, waba indela yama-novice eneminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi wachitha impilo yakhe yonke noyise.

Amagama wokugcina kaBuddha
AmaBuddha ahambahamba ngokungakhathali kuyo yonke indawo enyakatho yeNdiya neNepal. Wafundisa abalandeli abahlukahlukene, bonke bafuna iqiniso okwakufanele abalinike lona.

Eminyakeni engu-80 ubudala, uBuddha wangena eParinirvana, washiya umzimba wakhe wenyama ngemuva. Esigabeni sayo, yashiya umjikelezo ongenakuqhathaniswa wokufa nokuzalwa kabusha.

Ngaphambi kokuba aphefumule okokugcina, wakhuluma amazwi okugcina kubalandeli bakhe:

“Lapha, makhosi, lesi yiseluleko sami sokugcina kini. Zonke izinto ezenziwa emhlabeni ziyaguquka. Azihlali isikhathi eside. Sebenza kanzima ukuthola insindiso yakho. "
Isidumbu sikaBuddha sashiswa. Izidumbu zakhe zabekwa kuma-stupas - izakhiwo ezivunyiwe ezivamile eBuddhist - ezindaweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi iChina, iMyanmar neSri Lanka.

UBuddha waphefumulela izigidi
Cishe iminyaka engama-2.500 350 kamuva, izimfundiso zikaBuddha zihlala zibalulekile kubantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. UbuBuddha buyaqhubeka nokuheha abalandeli abasha futhi bungenye yezinkolo ezikhula ngokushesha, yize abaningi bengabheki kuyo njengenkolo kepha njengendlela engokomoya noma ifilosofi. Abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-550 kuya ku-XNUMX benza ubuBuddha namuhla.