Izwe Lenkolo: Lokho UbuBuddha Okufundiswa Ngocansi
Izinkolo eziningi zinemithetho eqinile nenemininingwane mayelana nokuziphatha kobulili. AmaBuddha anomthetho Wesithathu - ngesi-Pali, e-Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami - evame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "Ungazihlanganisi ekuziphatheni okubi kobulili" noma "Ungabuhlukumezi ucansi". Kodwa-ke, kubantu abavamile, imibhalo yokuqala ididekile ngokuthi "ukuziphatha kabi ngokobulili".
Imithetho yezindela
Izindela eziningi nezindela zilandela imithetho eminingi ye-Vinaya Pitaka. Isibonelo, izindela nezindela abahlanganyela ocansini "bayahlulwa" futhi bayaxoshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumyalelo. Uma indela yenza izinkulumo ezisikisela ucansi kowesifazane, umphakathi wezindela kufanele uhlangane futhi ubhekane nesiphambeko. Indela kufanele igweme ngisho nokubonakala kokungafaneleki ngokuba yedwa nowesifazane. Izindela zingase zingawavumeli amadoda ukuba awathinte, awahlikihle, noma awaphulule noma yikuphi phakathi kokhololo namadolo.
Abefundisi bezikole eziningi zobuBuddha e-Asia bayaqhubeka nokulandela i-Vinaya Pitaka, ngaphandle kwaseJapane.
UShinran Shonin (1173-1262), umsunguli wesikole somhlaba esihlanzekile saseJodo Shinshu saseJapan, washada futhi wagunyaza abapristi bakaJodo Shinshu ukuthi bashade. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela ukufa kwakhe, umshado wezindela zamaBuddha zaseJapane wawungewona umthetho, kodwa kwakungeyona into engavamile.
Ngo-1872, uhulumeni waseMeiji waseJapane wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi izindela nabapristi abangamaBuddha (kodwa hhayi izindela) babeyokhululeka ukuba bashade uma bekhetha. Ngokushesha "imindeni yasethempelini" yanda (yayikhona ngaphambi komthetho, kodwa abantu benza sengathi ababoni) futhi ukuphathwa kwamathempeli nezigodlo ngokuvamile kwaba ibhizinisi lomndeni, elidluliselwa kobaba kuya emadodaneni. Namuhla eJapane - nasezikoleni zobuBuddha ezingeniswa eNtshonalanga zisuka eJapane - umbuzo wokungashadi wezindela unqunywa ngokuhlukile kusukela kwehlelo kuya kwelinye futhi kusukela kwindela kuya kwindela.
Inselele kumaBuddha avamile
AmaBuddha avamile - labo abangewona izindela noma izindelakazi - kufanele bazinqumele bona ukuthi izinyathelo ezingacacile zokugwema "ukuziphatha kabi ngokobulili" kufanele zihunyushwe njengokugunyaza ukungashadi. Iningi labantu lithatha inkomba kulokho okushiwo "ukungaziphathi kahle" emasikweni abo, futhi lokhu sikubona eningini le-Asian Buddhism.
Sonke singavumelana, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokuxoxisana, ukuthi ubulili obungavumelani noma bokuxhaphaza "buwukungaziphathi kahle". Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokho okushiwo "ukungaziphathi kahle" ngaphakathi kweBuddhism akucaci kahle. Ifilosofi isibekela inselelo yokuthi sicabange ngezimiso zokuziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunaleyo iningi lethu eliye lafundiswa ngayo.
Phila imiyalelo
Imithetho yobuBuddha ayiwona umyalo. Zilandelwa njengokuzibophezela komuntu siqu kumkhuba wamaBuddha. Ukwehluleka akulona ikhono (akusala) kodwa akusona isono - phela akekho uNkulunkulu ongakona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiyalo iyizimiso, hhayi imithetho, futhi kukumBuddha ngamunye ukunquma ukuthi izosetshenziswa kanjani. Lokhu kudinga izinga elikhulu lokuziphatha kanye nokwethembeka kunendlela yokuziphatha ethi “vele ulandele imithetho futhi ungabuzi imibuzo”. UBuddha wathi, "Yiba yisiphephelo sakho." Wasifundisa ukusebenzisa ukwahlulela kwethu lapho kuziwa ezimfundisweni zenkolo nezokuziphatha.
Abalandeli bezinye izinkolo bavame ukuphikisa ngokuthi ngaphandle kwemithetho ecacile necacile, abantu bayoziphatha ngobugovu futhi benze abakuthandayo. Lokhu kuthengisa isintu esifushane. UbuBuddha busibonisa ukuthi singanciphisa ubugovu bethu, ukuhaha nokunamathela kwethu, ukuthi singahlakulela umusa wothando nesihawu, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo singandisa inani lokuhle emhlabeni.
Umuntu ohlale ebambelele emicabangweni yobugovu futhi onozwela oluncane enhliziyweni yakhe akayena umuntu oziphethe kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulandela imithetho emingaki. Umuntu onjalo uhlala ethola indlela yokugoba imithetho ukuze anganaki futhi axhaphaze abanye.
Izinkinga zocansi ezithile
Umshado. Iningi lezinkolo nezimiso zokuziphatha zaseNtshonalanga zidweba umugqa ocacile nokhanyayo mayelana nomshado. Ucansi ngaphakathi komugqa luhle, kanti ucansi ngaphandle komugqa lubi. Nakuba ukushada komuntu oyedwa kuyisimo esihle, ubuBuddha ngokuvamile buba nesimo sengqondo sokuthi ubulili phakathi kwabantu ababili abathandanayo bungokokuziphatha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bashadile noma cha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuya ocansini emshadweni kungase kucasule, futhi umshado awukwenzi lokho kunukubezwa kube nokuziphatha okuhle.
Ubungqingili. Ungathola izimfundiso ezimelene nobungqingili kwezinye izikole zobuBuddha, kodwa eziningi zazo zibonisa izimo zengqondo zamasiko endawo ngaphezu kweBuddhism uqobo lwayo. Ezikoleni ezihlukene zobuBuddha namuhla, ubuBuddha baseTibet kuphela obungakhuthazi ubulili phakathi kwamadoda (nakuba kungenjalo phakathi kwabesifazane). Ukuvinjelwa kuvela emsebenzini wesazi sangekhulunyaka le-XNUMX okuthiwa uTsongkhapa, okungenzeka ukuthi imibono yaso yayisekelwe emibhalweni yangaphambili yesiTibet.
Wish. Iqiniso lesibili elihle lifundisa ukuthi imbangela yokuhlupheka iwukulangazelela noma ukoma ( tanha ). Lokhu akusho ukuthi izifiso zidinga ukucindezelwa noma kwenqatshwe. Esikhundleni salokho, ekusebenzeni kwamaBuddha, siyaqaphela izinkanuko zethu futhi sifunde ukubona ukuthi azinalutho, ngakho-ke azisasilawuli. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngenzondo, ukuhaha neminye imizwa engemihle. Isifiso sobulili asihlukile.
Encwadini ethi “The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics,” uRobert Aitken Roshi uthi “[f] noma yonke imvelo yakhe yenjabulo, ngawo wonke amandla ako, ubulili bungesinye isifiso somuntu. Uma sikugwema ngoba nje kunzima ukuhlanganisa kunokuthukuthela noma ukwesaba, khona-ke simane sithi lapho ama-chips ephansi asikwazi ukulandela umkhuba wethu. Lokhu akuthembeki futhi akunampilo ”.
Ku-Vajrayana Buddhism, amandla esifiso aqondiswa kabusha njengendlela yokuzuza ukukhanyiselwa.
Indlela ephakathi
Isiko laseNtshonalanga njengamanje libonakala lilwa nalo ngokwalo ngocansi, kune-puritanism eqinile ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nokuziphatha okubi ngakolunye. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, ubuBuddha busifundisa ukugwema ukweqisa futhi sithole indawo emaphakathi. Njengabantu ngabanye, singenza izinqumo ezihlukene, kodwa kuwukuhlakanipha ( prajna ) nomusa wothando ( metta ), hhayi izinhlu zemithetho, okusibonisa indlela.