Imibono kaBuddha engxoxweni yokuhushulwa kwezisu

Izwe laseMelika liye lalwa nodaba lokuhushulwa kwezisu iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokufinyelela kwisivumelwano. Sidinga umbono omusha, umbono wamaBuddha ngodaba lokuhushula isisu unganikeza.

UbuBuddha bubheka ukukhipha isisu njengokuthatha impilo yomuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaBuddha ngokuvamile manqikanqika ukungenela esinqumweni somuntu siqu sowesifazane sokuqeda ukukhulelwa. UbuBuddha bungakuqeda amandla ukukhipha isisu, kepha buye buthikameze ukufakwa kweziqubu zokuziphatha eziqinile.

Lokhu kungabonakala njengokuphikisana. Ngokwesiko lethu, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma okuthile kungalungile ngokuziphatha kufanele kuvinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, umbono kaBuddha ukuthi ukulandelwa ngokuqinile kwemithetho akuyona yini okusenza sibe nesimilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekwa kwemithetho yokugunyazwa kuvame ukudala iqoqo elisha lamaphutha wokuziphatha.

Kuthiwani ngamalungelo?
Okokuqala, umbono kaBuddha wokukhipha isisu awufaki umqondo wamalungelo, noma "ilungelo lempilo" noma "ilungelo lomzimba wakhe". Ngokwengxenye lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuBuddha buyinkolo yasendulo kakhulu futhi umqondo wamalungelo abantu muva nje. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha isisu njengendaba elula "yamalungelo" akubonakali ngathi kusiholele ndawo.

"Amalungelo" achazwa yiStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ngokuthi "amalungelo (hhayi) ukwenza isenzo esithile noma ukuba kwizifundazwe ezithile, noma amalungelo abanye (hhayi) abenze isenzo esithile noma abe kwizifundazwe ezithile". Kulesi sihloko, ilungelo liba ikhadi eliwinayo, uma lidlalwa, eliwina isandla bese livala okunye ukucubungula inkinga. Kodwa-ke, izishoshovu zombili futhi eziphikisana nokuhushulwa kwezisu okusemthethweni zikholelwa ukuthi ikhadi labo lokuwina lishaya elinye ikhadi lokuwina. Ngakho-ke akukho okuxazululwa.

Impilo iqala nini?
Ososayensi basitshela ukuthi impilo yaqala kule planethi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine eyedlule kanti kusukela lapho impilo isiziveze ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokubala. Kepha akekho owakubona "ekuqaleni". Thina izidalwa eziphilayo siyizibonakaliso zenqubo engaphazanyiswa ethathe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-4, noma cha. Kimi "Impilo iqala nini?" kungumbuzo ongenangqondo.

Futhi uma uziqonda wena njengomphumela wenqubo yeminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine, ingabe ukukhulelwa kubaluleke kakhulu kunesikhathi umkhulu wakho ahlangana ngaso nogogo wakho? Ngabe kukhona umzuzwana kuleyo minyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-4 ohlukaniswe zizo zonke ezinye izikhathi nokubuthwa kwamaselula nokuhlukaniswa okusuka kuma-macromolecule okuqala kuya ekuqaleni kwempilo, ucabanga ukuthi impilo yaqala?

Ungase ubuze: Kuthiwani ngomuntu ngamunye? Enye yezimfundiso eziyisisekelo, ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezinzima kunazo zonke zeBuddha ngumuntu oshintshayo noma umthungi - akukho mphefumulo. UbuBuddha bufundisa ukuthi imizimba yethu yenyama ayinawo umuzwa wokuzibamba futhi ukuqonda kwethu okuphikelelayo ngathi njengokwehlukile endaweni yonke kungukukhohlisa.

Qonda ukuthi lokhu akuyona imfundiso yokuphamba. UBuddha wafundisa ukuthi uma singabona ngokukhohlisa komuntu omncane, sibona "mina" ongenamkhawulo ongekho ngaphansi kokuzalwa nokufa.

Kuyini i-Self?
Ukwahlulela kwethu ezindabeni kuncike kakhulu ekutheni sikuqonda kanjani. Ngokwesiko laseNtshonalanga, sisho abantu njengamayunithi ezimele. Iningi lezinkolo lifundisa ukuthi lezi zinhlaka ezizimele zitshaliwe ngomphefumlo.

Ngokwimfundiso ka-Anatman, lokho esikucabangayo "njengethu" kuyindalo yesikhashana yama-skandhas. Ama-Skandhas yizimfanelo - ifomu, izinzwa, ukuqonda, ukubandlulula, ukwazi - ezihlangana ukwenza umuntu ophilayo ohlukile.

Njengoba kungekho mphefumulo wokuhambisa umzimba usuka komunye umzimba uye komunye, akukho "kuphindukuzalwa" ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama. Ukuzalwa kabusha kwenzeka lapho ikarma eyakhiwa enye impilo edlule idlulela kwenye impilo. Iningi lezikole ezingamaBuddha zifundisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungukuqala kwenqubo yokuzalwa kabusha ngakho-ke kuphawula ukuqala kwempilo yomuntu.

Umyalo wokuqala
Umyalo wokuqala wobuBuddha uvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ngiyafunga ukwenqaba ukubhubhisa impilo". Ezinye izikole zikaBuddha zenza umehluko phakathi kwempilo yezilwane nezitshalo, ezinye azenzi. Yize impilo yomuntu ibaluleke kunayo yonke, lo mthetho usixwayisa ukuthi senqabe ukuthatha impilo kunoma yikuphi ukuboniswa kwayo okungenakubalwa.

Njengoba sesikushilo lokho, akungabazeki ukuthi ukunqamula ukukhulelwa kuyindaba ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhipha isisu kubhekwa njengokuthatha impilo yomuntu futhi kukhungathekiswa kakhulu yizimfundiso zikaBuddha.

UbuBuddha busifundisa ukuthi singaphoqeleli imibono yethu kwabanye futhi sihawukele labo ababhekene nezimo ezinzima. Yize amanye amazwe amaningi angamaBuddha, anjengeThailand, ebeka imingcele engokomthetho ekuhushuleni isisu, amaBuddha amaningi awacabangi ukuthi umbuso kufanele ungenelele ezindabeni zikanembeza.

Indlela kaBuddha yokuziphatha
UbuBuddha abusondeli ekuziphatheni ngokusabalalisa imithetho ephelele okufanele ilandelwe kuzo zonke izimo. Esikhundleni salokho, ihlinzeka ngesiqondiso esisiza ukubona ukuthi esikwenzayo kuzithinta kanjani thina nabanye. I-karma esiyidala ngemicabango yethu, amazwi nezenzo zethu kusigcina singaphansi kwesizathu nomphumela. Ngakho-ke, sithatha umthwalo wemfanelo wezenzo zethu kanye nemiphumela yezenzo zethu. Noma imiyalo akuyona imiyalo, kepha izimiso, futhi kukithi ukunquma ukuthi singazisebenzisa kanjani lezi zimiso ezimpilweni zethu.

UKarma Lekshe Tsomo, uprofesa wesayensi yezenkolo futhi oyisikhulu sesiko lamaBuddha laseTibet, uyachaza:

“Akukho mithetho yokuziphatha eBuddhist futhi kuyavunywa ukuthi ukwenza izinqumo ngokuziphatha kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimbangela nemibandela. "UbuBuddha" buhlanganisa izinkolelo nezenzo eziningi nemibhalo yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli ishiya izincazelo eziningi. Konke lokhu kususelwa emcabangweni wezinhloso futhi abantu bayakhuthazeka ukuthi bazihlaziye ngokucophelela izindaba ngokwabo ... Lapho benza izinqumo zokuziphatha, abantu bayalulekwa ukuba bahlole izisusa zabo - kungaba ngukuphikisa, ukunamathela, ukungazi, ukuhlakanipha noma ububele - futhi ucabangele imiphumela yezenzo zabo ngokuya ngezimfundiso zikaBuddha. "

Yini engalungile ngokuziphatha okuphelele?
Isiko lethu lifinyelela inani elikhulu entweni ebizwa ngokuthi "ukucaca ngokuziphatha". Ukucacisa ngokuziphatha akuvami kuchazwa, kepha futhi kungasho ukungazinaki izici ezihlakazeke kakhulu zezinkinga zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kusetshenziswe imithetho elula neqinile yokuzixazulula. Uma unaka zonke izici zenkinga, ubeka engcupheni yokungacaci.

Abakhanyisi bokuziphatha bathanda ukuhlela kabusha zonke izinkinga zokuziphatha zibe zibalo ezilula zokulungile nokungalungile, okuhle nokubi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inkinga ingaba nezingxenye ezimbili kuphela nokuthi ingxenye eyodwa kufanele ilunge ngokuphelele kanti enye ingxenye iyiphutha ngokuphelele. Izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zenziwe lula, zenziwe lula futhi zahluthwa zonke izici eziguquguqukayo ukuze zizivumelanise namabhokisi "afanele" kanye "angalungile".

KumBuddha, le indlela yokungathembeki nengalungile yokusondela ekuziphatheni okuhle.

Endabeni yokuhushula isisu, abantu abaye babamba iqhaza bavame ukukuxosha ngokungakhathali ukukhathazeka kwanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu. Isibonelo, ezincwadini eziningi ezilwa nokukhishwa kwesisu abesifazane abakhipha izisu bavezwa njengabanobugovu noma abanganaki, noma kwesinye isikhathi nje bebububi nje obucacile. Izinkinga zangempela ukukhulelwa okungafuneki ezingaletha empilweni yowesifazane azibonwa ngokweqiniso. Kwezinye izikhathi ama-Moralists axoxa ngemibungu, ukukhulelwa nokukhipha isisu ngaphandle kokusho nhlobo abesifazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, labo abathanda ukukhipha isisu okusemthethweni kwesinye isikhathi bayehluleka ukuqaphela ubuntu bengane.

Izithelo ze-absolutism
Yize ubuBuddha buqeda amandla ukukhipha isisu, siyabona ukuthi ukukhipha isisu ngobugebengu kubangela ukuhlupheka okuningi. I-Alan Guttmacher Institute inemibhalo yokuthi ubugebengu bokukhipha isisu abukuyeki noma buyekise. Esikhundleni salokho, ukukhipha isisu kungaphansi komhlaba futhi kwenziwa ezimeni ezingaphephile.

Ngokuphelelwa yithemba, abesifazane bangenela izinqubo ezingezona inzalo. Baphuza i-bleach noma i-turpentine, bazihudule ngezinduku nangama-hanger futhi baze bagxume ophahleni. Emhlabeni jikelele, izinqubo ezingavikelekile zokuhushula isisu ziphumela ekufeni kwabesifazane abacishe babe ngama-67.000 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho ukukhipha isisu ngokungekho emthethweni

Labo "abanokucaca ngokuziphatha" bangakunaki lokhu kuhlupheka. UmBuddha ngeke. Encwadini yakhe ethi The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics, uRobert Aitken Roshi uthe (iphe.17): “Isikhundla esiphelele, lapho sisodwa, asinayo ngokuphelele imininingwane yabantu. Doctrines, kubandakanya Buddhism, zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa. yalabo abazibeka ezabo izimpilo, ngoba besebenzisa thina “.

Indlela kaBuddha
Ukuvumelana cishe kwendawo yonke phakathi kwezimilo zikaBuddha ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu odabeni lokuhushula izisu ukufundisa abantu ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa futhi ubakhuthaze ukuba basebenzise izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba kubhala uKarma Lekshe Tsomo,

"Ekugcineni, iningi lamaBuddhist liyakuqaphela ukungahambisani okukhona phakathi kwengqondo yokuziphatha nokuzijwayeza kwangempela futhi, yize zingaxoleli ukuthatha impilo, zisekela ukuqonda nobubele kubo bonke abantu abaphilayo, umusa wothando ongavumi ahlulele futhi ahloniphe ilungelo nenkululeko yabantu yokwenza izinqumo zabo ”.