Iyiphi indima kaPapa eSontweni?
Yini upapa?
Ubupapa bunokubaluleka okungokomoya nokwezikhungo eSontweni LamaKatolika nokubaluleka komlando.
Lapho isetshenziswa kumongo weSonto LamaKatolika, upapa ubhekisa ehhovisi likapapa, owalandela uSt. Peter, nasegunyeni uPapa alisebenzisayo kulelo hhovisi.
Lapho isetshenziswa ngokomlando, upapa ubhekisa esikhathini lapho upapa echithe khona esikhundleni noma amandla enkolo namasiko eSonto LamaKatolika kuwo wonke umlando.
UPapa njengoVicar kaKristu
UPapa waseRoma uyinhloko yeSonto lendawo yonke. Uphinde abizwe ngokuthi "ngupapa", "uBaba oNgcwele" kanye "nommeli kaKristu", upapa uyinhloko yokomoya yabo bonke ubuKrestu kanye noluphawu olubonakalayo lobunye eSontweni.
Okokuqala phakathi kokulingana
Ukuqonda ubupapa kushintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba iSonto lifunde ukubona ukubaluleka kwendima. Owake wabhekwa nje njenge-primus inter pares, "owokuqala phakathi kwabalinganayo", upapa waseRoma, ngenxa yokuba ngumlandeli kaSt. Peter, owokuqala wabaphostoli, wabonwa njengofanelwe ukuhlonishwa okukhulu kunabo bonke ababhishobhi besonto. Kulokhu kwavela umqondo kapapa njengombangi wezingxabano futhi ekuqaleni komlando weSonto, abanye ababhishobhi baqala ukunxenxa iRoma njengesikhungo semfundiso mpikiswano yezimfundiso.
Ubupapa obasungulwa nguKristu
Imbewu yalokhu kuthuthukiswa yayikhona kusukela ekuqaleni, noma kunjalo. KuMathewu 16:15, uKristu wabuza abafundi bakhe, "nithi ngingubani?" Lapho uPetru ephendula, "UnguKristu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu ophilayo," uJesu watshela uPetru ukuthi lokhu akwembulwanga ngumuntu, nguNkulunkulu uBaba.
Igama elinikezwe uPetru kwakunguSimoni, kepha uKristu wathi kuye: “UnguPetru”, igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi “idwala” - “futhi kuleli dwala ngizokwakha iSonto lami. Futhi amasango esihogo ngeke awunqobe. Kulokhu kutholakala ibinzana lesiLatini Ubi Petrus, ibi ecclesia: noma kuphi lapho uPetru ekhona, kukhona iSonto.
Indima kapapa
Lolo phawu olubonakalayo lobunye luyisiqinisekiso sabathembekile abangamaKhatholika abangamalungu esonto elilodwa elingcwele lamaKatolika nabaphostoli elasungulwa nguKristu. Kodwa upapa futhi ungumqondisi oyinhloko weSonto. Ubeka ababhishobhi kanye nokhadinali, abazokhetha ozongena esikhundleni sakhe. Ungumxazululi wokugcina wazo zombili izimpikiswano zokuphatha nezimfundiso.
Ngenkathi izindaba ezingokwemfundiso zivame ukuxazululwa ngumkhandlu wamasonto (umhlangano wabo bonke ababhishobhi beSonto), umkhandlu onjalo ungabizwa ngupapa kuphela futhi izinqumo zawo azisemthethweni kuze kuqinisekiswe ngupapa.
Ukungaphumeleli kwepapa
Omunye umkhandlu onjalo, uMkhandlu waseVatican I wango-1870, wavuma imfundiso yokungaphumeleli kukapapa. Ngenkathi amanye amaKristu angewona amaKhatholika eyithatha njengeyintsha, le mfundiso imane nje ingukuqonda okuphelele kwempendulo kaKristu kuPetru, ukuthi kwakunguNkulunkulu uBaba owambonisa ukuthi uJesu unguKristu.
Ukungaphutha kwepapa akusho ukuthi upapa akasoze enza noma yini engalungile. Kodwa-ke, lapho, njengoPeter, ekhuluma ngezindaba zokholo nezokuziphatha futhi ehlose ukufundisa lonke iSonto ngokuchaza imfundiso, iSonto likholelwa ukuthi uvikelwe nguMoya oNgcwele futhi akakwazi ukukhuluma ngephutha.
Ukunxuswa kokungaphumeleli kwepapa
Ukunxuswa kwamanje kokungaphumeleli kukapapa kukhawulwe kakhulu. Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, opapa ababili kuphela abamemezele izimfundiso zeSonto, zombili zixhunyaniswe neVirgin Mary: uPius IX, ngo-1854, wamemezela i-Immaculate Conception of Mary (imfundiso uMariya akhulelwa ngayo ngaphandle kwebala lesono sokuqala); futhi uPius XII, ngo-1950, wamemezela ukuthi uMary wayenyuselwe ezulwini ekugcineni kwempilo yakhe (imfundiso yokwenyuka kukaJesu).
Ubupapa emhlabeni wanamuhla
Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemfundiso yokungaphumeleli kukapapa, bobabili amaProthestani kanye nabathile base-Eastern Orthodox baveze, eminyakeni yamuva, intshisekelo ekhulayo ekusungulweni kopapa. Bayakubona ukuthandwa yinhloko ebonakalayo yawo wonke amaKristu futhi banenhlonipho ejulile ngamandla okuziphatha ehhovisi, ikakhulukazi asetshenziswa opapa bakamuva abanjengoJohn Paul II noBenedict XVI.
Kodwa-ke, ubupapa bungesinye sezithiyo ezinkulu ekuhlanganiseni amasonto obuKrestu. Njengoba kubalulekile esimweni seSonto LamaKatolika, njengoba selisungulwe nguKristu uqobo, alinakushiywa. Esikhundleni salokho, amaKrestu wokuthakazelelwa kwawo wonke amahlelo kufanele ahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ukuze afinyelele ekuqondeni okujulile ngokuthi ubupapa babuzosenza kanjani sibe munye, kunokuba basihlukanise.