Isiko lamaJuda lokugeza izandla
Ngokwesiko lamaJuda, ukugeza izandla kungaphezu komkhuba omuhle wokuhlanzeka. Kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokudla lapho kudliwa isinkwa, ukugeza izandla kuyinsika ezweni lenkolo yamaJuda ngaphesheya kwetafula lokudlela.
Okushiwo ukugeza izandla kwamaJuda
NgesiHeberu, ukugeza izandla kubizwa ngokuthi i-netilyat yadayim (nun-chai-lot yuh-die-eem). Emiphakathini ekhuluma isiYiddish, isiko laziwa njenge-negel vasser (nay-gull vase-ur), okusho ukuthi "amanzi ezipikili". Ukugeza ngemuva kokudla kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-mayim achronim (my-eem ach-ro-neem), okusho ukuthi "ngemuva kwamanzi".
Kunezikhathi eziningana lapho umthetho wamaJuda udinga ukugeza izandla, kufaka phakathi:
ngemuva kokulala noma ukulala
ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese
ngemuva kokushiya amathuna
ngaphambi kokudla, uma kuhlanganiswa isinkwa
ngemuva kokudla, uma "uSawoti waseSodoma" wasetshenziswa
umsuka
Isisekelo sokugeza izandla kubuJuda ekuqaleni sasixhunyaniswe nenkonzo yasethempelini nemihlatshelo, futhi sisuka kuTorah ku-Eksodusi 17-21.
INKOSI yasikhuluma kuMosi, isithi: “Uyakwenza futhi isitsha sethusi, nesisekelo sakhe sethusi, ukuze sikugeze; uwubeke phakathi kwetende lokuhlangana ne-altare, uthele amanzi kuwo. ku-Aroni namadodanakhe kufuze bahlambe izandla neenyawo zabo lapho. lapho bengena etendeni lokuhlangana, bazigeza ngamanzi, abangafi, noma besondela e-altare ukwenza inkonzo, ukushisa umnikelo owenziwe ngomlilo kuJehova. Ngakho-ke bayogeza izandla nezinyawo zabo ukuze bangafi; futhi kube yisimiso esiphakade kubo, kuye nakwinzalo yakhe ezizukulwaneni zabo.
Izinkomba zokuthi kwakhiwe ibheshi lokugeza izandla namasiko abapristi kungukukhulunywa okokuqala kwalo mkhuba. Kula mavesi, ukwehluleka ukugeza izandla kuhlobene namathuba okufa, yingakho abanye bekholelwa ukuthi izingane zika-Aaron zafa kuLevitikusi 10.
Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kweThempeli, nokho, kwaba noshintsho ekugxileni kokuhlanjwa izandla. Ngaphandle kwezinto zomkhuba nezinqubo zemihlatshelo nangaphandle kwemihlatshelo, abapristi bebengasakwazi ukugeza izandla.
Oorabi, abafuni ukuthi ukubaluleka kwesiko lokugeza izandla likhohlwe ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kabusha ithempeli (lesithathu), kwasusa ubungcwele bomhlatshelo wethempeli kwetafula lendlu yokudlela, elaba Mezzana noma i-altare lanamuhla.
Ngolu shintsho, orabi basebenzisana nenani lamakhasi - incwadi yonke - ye-Talmud ku-halachot yokugeza izandla (funda). Ibizwa ngokuthi Yadayim (izandla), le nkolelo ixoxa ngesiko lokugeza izandla, ukuthi lenziwa kanjani, lawo manzi athathwa njeng ahlanzekile nokunye.
INetilyat yadayim (egeza izandla) itholakala izikhathi ezingama-345 eTalmud, ifakwe e-Eruvin 21b, lapho urabi enqaba ukudla ngenkathi esejele ngaphambi kokuba athole ithuba lokugeza izandla.
Oorabi bethu bafundisiwe: R. Akiba wake wavalelwa ejele [ngamaRoma] kwathi uR. Joshua, umenzi wesihlabathi, wamjikisa njalo. Zonke izinsuku, kwakulethwa kuye inani elithile lamanzi. Ngesinye isikhathi wabingelelwa umphathi wejele wathi kuye: “Amanzi akho abanzi kakhulu namuhla; mhlawumbe ucela ukuhlehlisa ijele? " Wathela ingxenye yayo wamnika enye ingxenye. Lapho efika ku-R. Akiba, owokugcina wathi kuye: "Joshua, awazi yini ukuthi ngingumuntu osekhulile futhi impilo yami incike kweyakho?" Lapho laba besemtshela konke okwenzekile [R. U-Akiba wathi kuye: "Nginike amanzi ngigeze izandla." "Ngeke kwenele ukuphuza," kukhononda omunye, "kuzokwanela ukugeza izandla zakho?" "Yini engingayenza," kuphendula owokuqala: "nini [ngokunganaki] amazwi oRabi afanele ukufa? Kungcono ukuthi nami uqobo ngife engizokweqa ngokubona ozakwethu ”ubengakaze anambithe lutho kuze kube yilapho omunye emlethela amanzi okugeza izandla.
Ukugeza izandla ngemuva kokudla
Ngaphezu kokugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla ngesinkwa, amaJuda amaningi enkolo nawo ayageza ngemuva kokudla, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-achronim mayim, noma ngemuva kwamanzi. Imvelaphi yalokhu ivela kusawoti kanye nomlando weSodoma neGomora.
Ngokusho kukaMidrash, unkosikazi kaLoti waphenduka insika ngemuva kokona ngosawoti. Ngokwendaba, izingelosi zamenyelwa ekhaya nguLoti, owayefuna ukwenza i-mitzvah yokuba nezivakashi. Ucele umkakhe ukuthi abanikeze usawoti futhi waphendula wathi: "Nalo mkhuba omubi (wokuphatha izivakashi ngomusa ngokubanikeza usawoti) ofuna ukukwenza lapha, eSodoma?" Ngenxa yalesi sono, kulotshiwe eTalmud,
UR. Juda, indodana kaR. Hiyya, uthe: Kungani [aborabi] bethi kuwumsebenzi olinganiselwe ukugeza izandla zabo ngemuva kwesidlo? Ngenxa kasawoti othile waseSodoma owenza amehlo angaboni. (I-Talmud yaseBabylonia, uHullin 105b).
Lokhu kusawoti weSodoma bekubuye kusetshenziswe nasenkonzweni yezinongo zeThempeli, ngakho abapristi bekufanele bageze ngemuva kokulisebenzisa ngoba besaba ukuthi lingaboni.
Yize abaningi bengawuboni lo mkhuba namuhla ngoba iningi lamaJuda emhlabeni alipheki noma liyobe nosawoti ovela kwa-Israyeli, ingasaphathwa eyaseSodoma, kunalabo abathi yi-halacha (umthetho) nokuthi wonke amaJuda kufanele azijwayeze kulisiko le-mayim achronim.
Ungageza kanjani izandla zakho kahle (Mayim Achronim)
IMayim achronim ine "indlela yokwenza" engabandakanywa kunokugeza izandla okujwayelekile. Ukugeza okuningi, ngisho nangaphambi kokudla lapho uzodla khona isinkwa, kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Qiniseka ukuthi unezandla ezihlanzekile. Kubukeka kungaphatheki kahle, kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-netilyat yadayim (ukugeza izandla) ayisho ngokuhlanza, kodwa imayelana nesiko.
Gcwalisa inkomishi ngamanzi anele wezandla zombili. Uma unesandla sobunxele, qala ngesandla sakho sobunxele. Uma unesandla sokudla, qala ngesandla sakho sokudla.
Thela amanzi kabili esandleni sakho esikhulu bese uphinda kabili ngakolunye uhlangothi. Abanye bathulula amahlandla amathathu, kufaka phakathi iChabad Lubavitchers. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi asibekela sonke isandla esihlakaleni ngejezi ngalinye bese uhlukanisa iminwe yakho ukuze amanzi athinte isandla sonke.
Ngemuva kokugeza, thatha ithawula bese usula izandla zakho uthi i-bracha (isibusiso): U-Baruki atah Adonai, Elohenu Melech Ha'Olam, asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav, vetzivanu al netilat yadayim. Lesi sibusiso sisho, ngesiNgisi, ukubusisile, NKosi, uNkulunkulu wethu, inkosi yendawo yonke, owasingcwelisa ngemiyalo Yakhe futhi wasiyala ngokugeza izandla.
Baningi abathi isibusiso ngaphambi kokoma izandla zabo. Ngemuva kokugeza izandla zakho, ngaphambi kokuthi isibusiso sithiwe phezu kwesinkwa, zama ukungakhulumi. Yize lokhu kungumkhuba futhi kungeyona i-halacha (umthetho), kuyinto evamile emphakathini wezenkolo wamaJuda.