USt.John Chrysostom, oNgcwele wosuku lwango-13 Septhemba
(c. 349 - Septhemba 14, 407)
Indaba kaSt. John Chrysostom
Ukungaqondakali nozungu oluzungeze uJohn, umshumayeli omkhulu (igama lakhe lisho ukuthi "ngomlomo wegolide") wase-Antiyokiya, kuyisici sempilo yawo wonke amadoda amakhulu enhlokodolobha. Ulethwe eConstantinople ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nambili esebenza njengabapristi eSyria, uJohn wazithola eyisisulu esinqenayo secebo lombusi lokumbeka njengombhishobhi edolobheni elikhulu kunawo wonke embusweni. Ezincisha injabulo, engathandeki kodwa enesithunzi futhi ekhathazwa yizifo zesisu zezinsuku zakhe ehlane njengendela, uJohn waba ngumbhishobhi ngaphansi kwefu lezombusazwe zombuso.
Uma umzimba wakhe ubuthakathaka, ulimi lwakhe belunamandla. Okuqukethwe izintshumayelo zakhe, i-exegesis yakhe yemiBhalo, kwakungakaze kube nencazelo. Kwesinye isikhathi iphuzu laligwaza phezulu nabanamandla. Ezinye izintshumayelo zazihlala amahora amabili.
Impilo yakhe enkantolo yasebukhosini ayithokoziswanga yizikhulu eziningi. Wanikela ngetafula elilinganiselwe kubabusi bezombusazwe ababezungezile ukuthola umusa wobukhosi kanye nowezenkolo. UJohn wayedelela inqubo yenkantolo eyamnikeza ithuba eliphambi kwezikhulu eziphezulu zombuso. Ubengeke abe yindoda egcinwe.
Intshiseko yakhe yamholela esenzweni esiwujuqu. Ababhishobhi ababengenele ezikhundleni sebesusiwe esikhundleni. Izintshumayelo zakhe eziningi zazibiza ngezinyathelo zikakhonkolo zokwabelana ngengcebo nabampofu. Izicebi azikuthokozelanga ukuzwa okuvela kuJohn ukuthi impahla yangasese ikhona ngenxa yokuwa kuka-Adam, njengoba nabesilisa abashadile bengakuthandi ukuzwa ukuthi baboshelwe ekuthembekeni emshadweni njengabafazi babo. Uma kukhulunywa ngobulungiswa kanye nesisa senhliziyo, uJohn akazange abone izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili.
Eboshelwe, enomfutho, ekhuluma ngokukhululekile, ikakhulukazi lapho ejabule epulpiti, uJohn wayeyisisulu sokugxekwa nezinkinga zomuntu siqu. Wayesolwa ngokuzifihla ngasese ewayinini elicebile nasekudleni okuhle. Ukwethembeka kwakhe njengomqondisi wokomoya kumfelokazi ocebile, i-Olympia, kwabangela inhlebo enkulu emzameni wokumkhombisa ukuthi ungumzenzisi ezindabeni zomcebo nobumsulwa. Izenzo zakhe azithathela ababhishobhi abangafanelekile e-Asia Minor zabonwa ngabanye abefundisi njengokwandisa igunya lakhe ngokuhaha nangokungekho ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli.
UTheophilus, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu wase-Alexandria, noMbusi u-Eudoxia babezimisele ukwehlisa isithunzi sikaJohn. UTheophilus wesaba ukubaluleka okwandayo kombhishobhi waseConstantinople futhi wakusebenzisa lokhu ukusola uJohn ngokugqugquzela ukuhlubuka. UTheophilus nabanye ababhishobhi abathukuthele basekelwa yi-Eudoxia. Indlovukazi yazicasukela izintshumayelo zayo ezaqhathanisa izindinganiso zeVangeli nokudlulela kwempilo yenkantolo yombuso. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi babethanda noma bengathandi, izintshumayelo ezikhuluma ngoJezebeli ongcolile nobubi bukaHerodiya zazihambisana nendlovukazi, eyagcina iphumelele ekudingiseni uJohn. Ushonele ekudingisweni ngo-407.
Ukuzindla
Ukushumayela kukaJohn Chrysostom, ngezwi nangesibonelo, kuyisibonelo sendima yalo mprofethi ekududuzeni abahluphekayo nasekuhluphekeni labo abakhululekile. Ngokwethembeka kwakhe nangesibindi, wakhokha inani lenkonzo enezinxushunxushu njengombhishobhi, ukuhlambalaza nokudingiswa.