USanta John Henry Newman, uSanta wosuku lwangoSepthemba 24
(21 Februwari 1801 - 11 Agasti 1890)
Indaba kaSt John Henry Newman
UJohn Henry Newman, isazi semfundiso yenkolo samaRoma Katolika esiqala ukukhuluma isiNgisi sekhulu le-XNUMX, wasebenzisa ingxenye yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe njengeSheshi nengxenye yesibili njengomRoma Katolika. Wayengumpristi, umshumayeli odumile, umbhali, nesazi semfundiso yenkolo esivelele kuwo womabili amasonto.
Wazalelwa eLondon, eNgilandi, wafunda eTrinity College e-Oxford, waba ngumfundisi e-Oriel College futhi iminyaka engu-17 wayengu-vicar wesonto lasenyuvesi, iSt. Mary the Virgin. Ekugcineni washicilela imiqulu eyisishiyagalombili yeParochial and Plain Sermons, kanye namanoveli amabili. Inkondlo yakhe, "Iphupho likaGerontius", yayisethelwe umculo nguSir Edward Elgar.
Ngemuva kuka-1833, uNewman wayeyilungu eliholayo le-Oxford Movement, elaligcizelela isikweletu seSonto kuBaba beSonto futhi laphikisana nanoma yikuphi ukuthambekela kokubheka iqiniso njengokuzithoba ngokuphelele.
Ucwaningo lomlando lwenza uNewman asole ukuthi iSonto LamaRoma Katolika laliqhubeka kakhulu neSonto elasungulwa nguJesu. Ngo-1845 wamukelwa ngenhlanganyelo ephelele njengomKatolika. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wagcotshwa njengompristi wamaKatolika eRoma futhi wajoyina iBandla le-Oratory, elasungulwa emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka ngaphambili nguSan Filippo Neri. Ebuyela eNgilandi, uNewman wasungula izindlu ze-Oratory eBirmingham naseLondon futhi wayephethe i-Catholic University of Ireland iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Ngaphambi kukaNewman, imfundiso yenkolo yamaKhatholika yayijwayele ukungawunaki umlando, kunalokho yakhetha ukuthola okuvela ezimisweni zokuqala, njengoba kwenza i-geometry yendiza. Ngemuva kukaNewman, amava aphilayo amakholwa athathwa njengengxenye eyisisekelo yesibonakaliso semfundiso yenkolo.
Ekugcineni uNewman wabhala izincwadi ezingama-40 nezinhlamvu ezisindile ezingama-21.000. Okudume kakhulu yincwadi yakhe umqulu wencwadi ethi Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine, Apologia Pro Vita Sua - umlando wakhe ongokomoya kuze kufike ku-1864 - no-Essay on the Grammar of Assent. Wamukela imfundiso yeVatican I yokungaphumeleli kwepapa ngokuqaphela ukulinganiselwa kwayo, abantu abaningi abathanda leyo ncazelo ababenqikaza ukuyenza.
Ngenkathi uNewman eqokwa njengoKhadinali ngo-1879, wathatha isiqubulo sakhe esithi "Cor ad cor loquitur" - "Inhliziyo ikhuluma nenhliziyo". Wangcwatshwa eRednal eminyakeni eyi-11 kamuva. Ngemuva kokumbiwa kwethuna lakhe ngo-2008, kwalungiswa ithuna elisha esontweni iBirmingham Oratory.
Eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokushona kukaNewman, iNewman Club yabafundi abangamaKatolika yaqala e-University of Pennsylvania ePhiladelphia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama lakhe lalixhunyaniswa nezikhungo zabefundisi zamakolishi amaningi kahulumeni nawangasese nasemayunivesithi ase-United States.
Ngo-2010, uPapa Benedict XVI wahlomulisa uNewman eLondon. UBenedict uphawule ngokugcizelela kukaNewman endimeni ebalulekile yenkolo eveziwe emphakathini, kodwa wancoma nentshiseko yakhe yokwalusa abagulayo, abampofu, abashonelwe nalabo abasejele. UPapa Francis wamgcwelisa uNewman ngo-Okthoba 2019. Idili lezinkolo likaSt. John Henry Newman lingumhla ka-9 ku-Okthoba.
Ukuzindla
UJohn Henry Newman ubizwe ngokuthi "nguyise ongekho weVatican II" ngoba imibhalo yakhe ngonembeza, inkululeko yezenkolo, imiBhalo, ubizo lwabantu abavamile, ubudlelwano phakathi kwesonto nombuso nezinye izihloko zaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni koMkhandlu imibhalo. Yize uNewman engaqondakali noma engaziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, washumayela ngokuqinile izindaba ezinhle ngezwi nangesibonelo.