ISan Junipero Serra, oSuku lukaJulayi 1st
(24 Novemba 1713 - 28 Aug 1784)
Umlando weSan Junipero Serra
Ngo-1776, lapho i-American Revolution iqala empumalanga, enye ingxenye yesikhathi esizayo ye-United States yayizalwa eCalifornia. Ngawo lowo nyaka umuntu waseFrancisco egqoke grey wasungula iSan Juan Capistrano Mission, manje esaziwa ngokugwinya kwayo okubuya minyaka yonke. ISan Juan ibingowesikhombisa kwemishini eyisishiyagalolunye eyasungulwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwalesi Spaniard saseSpain.
Wazalelwa esiqhingini saseSpain iMajorca, uSerra wangena kwiFrancisan Order ethatha igama lomngane wosana waseSt. Francis, uMfoweth 'uJuniper. Kuze kube kuphela kweminyaka engama-35, wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe esiningi ekilasini, okokuqala njengomfundi wezenkolo bese eba yiprofesa. Wabuye waduma ngokushumayela kwakhe. Kungazelelwe wanikela konke futhi walandela isifiso esasiqale eminyakeni edlule lapho ezwa ngomsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli eSan Francesco Solano eSouth America. Isifiso sikaJunipero sasiwukuguqula abantu bomdabu bangene ezweni elisha.
Lapho efika ngomkhumbi eVera Cruz, eMexico, yena nomngane wakhe bahamba amakhilomitha angama-250 baya eMexico City. Endleleni umlenze wesobunxele kaJunipero wangenwa ukulunywa yisinambuzane futhi wayehlala eyisiphambano - kwesinye isikhathi esongela impilo - impilo yakhe yonke. Iminyaka eyi-18 wasebenza enkabeni yeMexico nhlonhlo lweBaja. Waba ngumongameli wemishini lapho.
Faka ezombusazwe: usongo lokuhlasela kweRussia i-Alaska kusuka eningizimu. UCharles III waseSpain wayala ukuba kuphume uhambo lokushaya eRussia kuleyo ndawo. Ngakho-ke abanqobi ababili bokugcina - abezempi, abangokomoya - baqala ukufuna kwabo. UJosé de Galvez wakholisa uJunipero ukuthi ahambe naye aye eMonterey, eCalifornia namuhla. Umsebenzi wokuqala owasungulwa ngemuva kohambo olungamamayela angama-900 enyakatho yiSan Diego ngo-1769. Kulowo nyaka, ukushoda kokudla kucishe kwalucisha uhambo. Ethuka ukuthi uzoba nabantu bendawo, uJunipero nelinye ihlombe baqala umhlangano walungiselela usuku lukaSt. Joseph, Mashi 19, usuku lokuhamba oluhlelelwe. Umkhumbi wokutakula wafika ngalolo suku.
Eminye imishini yalandelwa: IMonterey / uCarmel (1770); San Antonio noSan Gabriel (1771); San Luís Obispo (1772); ISan Francisco noSan Juan Capistrano (1776); Santa Clara (1777); ISan Buenaventura (1782). Kwasungulwa amanye ama-XNUMX ngemuva kokushona kukaSerra.
UJunipero wathatha uhambo olude esiya eMexico City eyolungisa ukungezwani okukhulu nomphathi wamasosha. Wafika lapho esezokufa. Umphumela waba ngokuyisisekelo lokho uJunipero ayekufuna: "umthetho" odumile ovikela amaNdiya kanye nemishini. Kwakuyisisekelo somthetho wokuqala obalulekile waseCalifornia, "uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo" wabantu baseMelika abangamaNative.
Njengoba abomdabu baseMelika baphila impilo okungeyona eyomuntu kusukela embonweni waseSpain, amaFrawa aba ngabaqaphi bawo bezomthetho. AmaMelika Omdabu agcinwa ethubeni ngemuva kokubhabhadiswa ngokwesaba ukonakaliswa kuma-hangout awo wangaphambili, okuyisinyathelo esiholele kwezinye izikhalo zesimanje zokuthi "ukungabi nabulungisa"
Impilo kaJunipero yezithunywa zevangeli yayiyimpi ende yokulwa nokubanda nendlala, kanye nabaphathi bamasosha abangathandeki ngisho nengozi yokubulawa kwabomdabu abangewona awobuKristu. Kukho konke lokhu intshiseko yakhe engenakuchazwa yenziwa umthandazo njalo ebusuku, imvamisa kusukela phakathi kwamabili kuya ekuntweleni kokusa. Ubhabhathize abantu abangaphezu kuka-6.000 futhi waqinisekisa abangu-5.000. Ukuhamba kwakhe ngabe kudlule emhlabeni jikelele. Akulethi amaMelika Omdabu hhayi isipho sokholo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinga elihle lokuphila. Walunqoba uthando lwabo, njengoba kufakazelwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngobuhlungu bokufa kwakhe. Ungcwatshwe eMission San Carlo Borromeo, eCarmelo, futhi washaywa ngonyaka we-1988. UPapa uFrancis wamhlalisa ngokusemthethweni eWashington, DC ngoSepthemba 23, 2015.
Ukuzindla
Igama elichaza kangcono uJunipero intshiseko. Kwakungomoya owawuvela emthandazweni wakhe ojulile kanye nentando yesibindi. "Njalo phambili, ungaphinde ubuyele emuva" kwakuyisisho sakhe Umsebenzi wakhe wakhokha iminyaka engama-50 ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, njengoba eminye eminye imishini yasungulwa kuhlobo lokuphila komphakathi wobuKristu ngamaNdiya. Lapho ubugovu baseMexico nabaseMelika babangela ukuguquguquka kwemishini, abantu bakwaChumash babuyela kulokho ababeyikho: UNkulunkulu wabhala futhi ngemigqa eyigwegwe.