USan Roberto Bellarmino, oNgcwele wosuku lomhlaka 17 Septhemba
(4 Okthoba 1542 - 17 Septhemba 1621)
Indaba kaSan Roberto Bellarmino
Ngenkathi uRobert Bellarmine egcotshwa njengompristi ngonyaka we-1570, ukufunda ngomlando weSonto kanye noFata beSonto kwakusesimweni esidabukisayo sokunganakwa. Umfundi othembisayo wobusha bakhe eTuscany, wanikela ngamandla akhe kulezi zihloko ezimbili, kanye naseMibhalweni, ukuze ahlele imfundiso yeSonto ngokumelene nokuhlaselwa kwabashisekeli bamaProthestani. WayengumJesuit wokuqala ukuba nguprofesa eLeuven.
Umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu yiziNgxabano eziyimiqulu emithathu ezingxabanweni zokholo lobuKristu. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yizigaba ezisemandleni wesikhashana kapapa nendima yabantu abavamile. UBellarmine wazizuzela ulaka lwamakhosi eNgilandi naseFrance ngokukhombisa imfundiso yelungelo laphezulu lamakhosi elingabambeki. Wathuthukisa umbono wamandla kapapa angaqondile ezenzweni zesikhashana; yize avikela upapa kumfilosofi waseScotland uBarclay, waphinde wazonda uPapa Sixtus V.
UBellarmine waqokwa njengokhadinali nguPapa Clement VIII ngezizathu zokuthi "wayengenalo elilinganayo ekufundeni". Ngenkathi ehlala emafulethini eVatican, uBellarmino akazange akhulule noma yiziphi izinkinga zakhe zangaphambilini. Izindleko zakhe zasekhaya wayezilinganisela kulokho okwakungabalulekile kangako, edla kuphela ukudla okutholwa abampofu. Ubedume ngokuhlenga isosha ebelibalekile ebusosheni futhi lisebenzisa amakhethini asemakamelweni alo ukugqoka abampofu, lithi: "Izindonga azibandi."
Phakathi kwemisebenzi eminingi, uBellarmine waba isazi semfundiso yenkolo sikaPapa Clement VIII, elungiselela amakhathekizimu amabili ayenethonya elikhulu eSontweni.
Impikiswano enkulu yokugcina ngempilo kaBellarmine ihlehlela emuva ngonyaka we-1616 lapho kwakumele akhuze umngani wakhe uGalileo, ayemthanda. Wethule isexwayiso egameni leHhovisi Elingcwele, elalinqume ukuthi umbono kaCopernicus osenkabeni yelanga wawuphikisana nomBhalo. Lesi seluleko saba yisexwayiso sokuthi ungabeki obala - ngaphandle kokuqagela - izinkolelo-mbono ezingakaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abangcwele abenzi amaphutha.
URobert Bellarmine ushone ngoSepthemba 17, 1621. Inqubo yokugcotshwa kwakhe njengogcotshiwe yaqala ngo-1627, kodwa yabambezeleka kwaze kwaba ngu-1930 ngenxa yezizathu zezepolitiki, okuvela emibhalweni yakhe. Ngo-1930 uPapa Pius XI wamgunyaza futhi ngonyaka olandelayo wammemezela njengodokotela weSonto.
Ukuzindla
Ukuvuselelwa eSontweni okufunwa yiVatican II kube nzima kumaKhatholika amaningi. Phakathi noshintsho, abaningi baye bazizwa bengenakho ukuhola okuqinile kulabo abaphethe. Babelangazelela izinsika zamatshe ze-orthodoxy nomyalo wensimbi onemigqa yegunya echazwe kahle. IVatican II iyasiqinisekisa kwiThe Church in the Modern World: "Kunezinto eziningi ezingaguquki futhi ezinesisekelo sazo sokugcina kuKristu, onguyena izolo nanamuhla, yebo naphakade" (No. 10, ecaphuna amaHeberu 13: 8).
URobert Bellarmine wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ekutadisheni iMibhalo nemfundiso yamaKhatholika. Imibhalo yakhe isisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi umthombo weqiniso wokukholwa kwethu awuyona nje iqoqo lezimfundiso, kodwa kunalokho ungumuntu kaJesu osahlala eSontweni namuhla.