Thola iSant'Agostino: kusuka kwisoni kuya kwisazi semfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu
USt Augustine, umbhishobhi waseHippo enyakatho ne-Afrika (kusukela ngo-354 kuya ku-430 AD), wayengomunye wemibono enkulu yesonto lakuqala lobuKristu, isazi semfundiso yenkolo esasinemibono ethinta bobabili amaKatolika namaProthestani amaRoma.
Kepha uAugustine akazange eze ebuKristwini ngomgwaqo olula. Esemncane waqala ukufuna iqiniso kumafilosofi obuhedeni nasemikhosini ethandwayo yesikhathi sakhe. Impilo yakhe encane nayo yayiphawulwa ngokuziphatha okubi. Indaba yokuguquka kwakhe, eyitshelwe encwadini yakhe ethi Confidence, ingenye yobufakazi obukhulu kunabo bonke bobuKristu.
Indlela egobekile ka-Augustine
U-Agostino wazalwa ngonyaka ka-354 eThagaste, esifundazweni saseNyakatho neNumidia, namuhla eyi-Algeria. Uyise, uPatrizio, wayengumhedeni owayesebenza futhi esindisa ukuze indodana yakhe ithole imfundo enhle. UMonica, unina, wayengumKristu ozinikele owayehlala ethandazela indodana yakhe.
Ukusuka kwimfundo eyisisekelo edolobheni lakubo, u-Augustine waqala ukufunda izincwadi zakudala, wabe eseya eCarthage eyokuqeqeshela ukwenza imisebenzi yezandla, exhaswa ngumuntu osizisayo okuthiwa nguRomania. Inkampani embi iholele ekuziphatheni okubi. U-Augustine uthathe isithandwa futhi wazala indodana, u-Adeodatus, oshone ngo-390 AD
Eqondiswa ukulambela kwakhe ukuhlakanipha, u-Augustine waba yiManichean. IManichaeism, eyasungulwa yisazi sefilosofi sasePheresiya uMani (kusukela ngo-216 kuya ku-274 AD), wafundisa ubumbili, ukwahlukana okuqinile phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Njenga-Gnosticism, le nkolo yathi ulwazi oluyimfihlo luyindlela yokusindiswa. Wazama ukuhlanganisa izimfundiso zikaBuddha, uZoroaster noJesu Kristu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uMonica wayethandazele ukuguqulwa kwendodana yakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-387, ngenkathi u-Agostino ebhapathizwa ngu-Ambrogio, umbhishobhi waseMilan, e-Italy. U-Augustine wabuyela ezweni lakubo laseThagaste, wamiswa njengompristi futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wamiswa njengombhishobhi wedolobha laseHippo.
U-Augustine wayenengqondo ekhaliphile kodwa egcina impilo elula, efana kakhulu nemonki. Ugqugquzele izigodlo zezindela kanye nemithi engaphakathi kubhishobhi wakhe e-Afrika futhi wayehlala emukela izivakashi ezingangena ezingxoxweni ezifundile. Usebenze kakhulu njengompristi wesifunda ukwedlula njengombhishobhi omisiwe, kepha kukho konke impilo yakhe ubhale njalo.
Ibhalwe ezinhliziyweni zethu
U-Augustine wafundisa ukuthi eTestamenteni Elidala (Isivumelwano Esidala), umthetho wawungaphandle kwethu, ubhalwe ezibhebheni zamatshe, iMiyalo Eyishumi. Lowo mthetho awukwazanga ukufaka ukulungiswa, ukweqa umthetho kuphela.
ETestamenteni eNtsha, noma iSivumelwano esisha, umthetho ubhalwe ngaphakathi kithi, ezinhlizweni zethu, wathi, futhi senziwa abalungile ngokufakwa komusa kaNkulunkulu nothando luka-agape.
Ukuthi ubulungiswa abuveli emisebenzini yethu, kodwa, sizuzelwa thina ngokufa kuka-Kristu okuxolelayo, osomusa wakhe oza kithi ngoMoya oNgcwele, ngokholo nangobhapathizo.
U-Augustine wayekholelwa ukuthi umusa kaKristu wawungafakwanga kwi-akhawunti yethu ukuxazulula isono sethu, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi usisiza ukugcina umthetho. Siyabona ukuthi ngeke sihloniphe umthetho ngokwethu, ngakho-ke siholelwa kuKristu. Ngomusa, asiwugcini umthetho ngenxa yokwesaba, njengakwiSivumelwano Esidala, kodwa ngenxa yothando, kusho yena.
Empilweni yakhe yonke, u-Augustine wabhala ngesimo sesono, uZiqu-zintathu, inkululeko yokuzikhethela nemvelo yesono somuntu, amasakramente kanye nokufakazelwa nguNkulunkulu. Ukucabanga kwakhe kwakukukhulu kangangokuba imibono yakhe eminingi yanikeza isisekelo semfundiso yobuKristu emakhulwini eminyaka azayo.
Ithonya elikhulukazi lika-Augustine
Imisebenzi emibili ka-Augustine eyaziwa kakhulu yi-Confidence ne-The City of God. Kuzivumelwano, ulandisa udaba lokuziphatha kwakhe kabi ngokobulili nokukhathazeka kukanina ngokungaphezi ngomphefumlo wakhe. Ufingqa uthando ayenalo ngoKristu, ethi, "Ngakho-ke bengingayeka ukuba lusizi kimi futhi ngithole injabulo kuwe."
Umuzi kaNkulunkulu, owabhalwa ngasekupheleni kwempilo ka-Augustine, wayeyingxenye yokuvikela ubuKristu eMbusweni WaseRoma. Umbusi uTheodosius wenza ubuKhristu bokhobusithathu baba inkolo esemthethweni yombuso ngonyaka ka-390. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, uVisigoth oyisidlakela, eholwa yi-Alaric I, waphanga iRoma. AmaRoma amaningi asola ubuKristu, athi ukusuka konkulunkulu basendulo baseRoma kwakubangele ukunqotshwa kwabo. Yonke iDolobha LikaNkulunkulu liqhathanisa amadolobha asemhlabeni nawasezulwini.
Lapho esengumbhishobhi waseHippo, uSanta Augustine wasungula izindlu zezindela zabesilisa nabesifazane. Ubhale nomthetho, noma iqoqo lemiyalo yokuziphatha kwezindela nezindelakazi. Kwakungaze kube ngu-1244 lapho iqembu lezindela nezimvamvana lijoyina i-Italy futhi kwasungulwa i-Order of St. Augustine, zisebenzisa lowo mthetho.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-270 kamuva, isishoshovu sika-Augustinian, naye owayengumfundi weBhayibheli njengo-Augustine, savukela emigomeni nasezimfundisweni zesonto lamaRoma Katolika. Igama lakhe kwakunguMartin Luther futhi waba ngumuntu obalulekile kuZinguquko ZamaProthestani.
Izinsizakusebenza nokufundwa okuqhubekayo
I-Christian Apologetics kanye noMnyango Wezokucwaninga
I-oda leSant'Agostino
IFordham University,
Ukubusa kukaSt. Augustine
UbuKristu namuhla
Ukufika
Ukuvuma, iSt Augustine, Oxford University Press, ukuhumusha namanothi nguHenry Chadwick.