I-Yogacara: isikole senhliziyo eyaziyo

IYogacara ("yoga yoga") igatsha lefilosofi leMahayana Buddhism elavela eNdiya ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. Ithonya laso lisabonakala nanamuhla ezikoleni eziningi zobuBuddha, kufaka phakathi iTibetan, iZen neShingon.

I-Yogacara yaziwa nangokuthi i-Vijanavada, noma i-Vijnana School ngoba i-Yogacara isebenza kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-Vijnana kanye nohlobo lwesipiliyoni. UVijnana ungenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zomqondo okuxoxwe ngazo emibhalweni yokuqala yamaBuddha njengeSutta-Pitaka. UVijnana uvame ukuhunyushelwa esiNgisini ngokuthi "ukuqwashisa", "ukwazi" noma "ulwazi". Kungokwesihlanu kuma-Skandhas amahlanu.

Umsuka weYogacara
Yize ezinye izici zemvelaphi yayo zilahlekile, isazi-mlando saseBrithani uDamien Keown sithi uYogacara kungenzeka ukuthi waxhunyaniswa ekuqaleni negatsha laseGandhara lehlelo lakudala lobuBuddha elibizwa ngeSarvastivada. Abasunguli bekuyizindela ezibizwa ngo-Asanga, Vasubandhu noMaitreyanatha, okucatshangwa ukuthi bonke babenokuxhumana neSarvastivada ngaphambi kokuguqukela eMahayana.

Laba basunguli babona i-Yogacara njengokulungiswa kwefilosofi yaseMadyamyamika eyakhiwa uNagarjuna, cishe ngekhulu lesibili AD. Babekholelwa ukuthi uMadyamyamika wayesondele kakhulu ekuziqembukiseni ngokugcizelela kakhulu ukungabi nalutho kwalesi sigameko, yize uNagarjuna ngokungahambisani nako.

Abalandeli bakaMadyamika basola i-Yogacarin ngokweqile noma ukukholelwa ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lweqiniso olunamandla luyimbangela yalesi sigameko, yize lokhu kugxekwa kubonakala sengathi akuchazi imfundiso eyiqiniso kaJogacara.

Isikhathi esithile, izikole zefilosofi zaseYogacara naseMadhikaika zaziyizimbangi. Ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili, ifomu eliguquliwe leYogacara lihlangana nefomu eliguquliwe laseMadyamika, futhi leli filosofi elihlanganisiwe namuhla lakha ingxenye enkulu yezisekelo zeMahayana.

Izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zikaYogacara
IYogacara akuyona neze ifilosofi okulula ukuyiqonda. Izazi zakhe zakhele amamodeli wesayensi achaza ukuthi ukuqwashisa nokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlangana kanjani. Lezi zinhlobo zichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izidalwa ziphila kanjani emhlabeni.

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-Yogacara ikhathazeke kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-vijnana kanye nohlobo lwesipiliyoni. Ngokwalo mongo, singacabanga ukuthi i-vijnana yindlela yokusabela esekwe kwenye yamandla ayisithupha (iso, izindlebe, impumulo, ulimi, umzimba, ingqondo) kanye nenye yezinto eziyisithupha ezihambisanayo (into ebonakalayo, umsindo, umuzwa wokuhogela, into kuyabonakala, kepha-ke) njengentfo. Isibonelo, ukwazi okubukwayo noma kwe-vijnana - ukubona - kuneso njengesisekelo nento ebonakalayo njengento. Ukuqagela kwengqondo kunengqondo (ama-mana) njengesisekelo nomqondo noma umcabango njengento. I-Vijnana ukuqwashisa ukuthi kwehlukanisa ubuhlakani kanye ne-phenomenon.

Kulezi zinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-vijnana, uYogacara ungeze ezinye ezimbili. I-vijnana yesikhombisa iyinkohliso yokuqwashisa noma i-klista-manas. Lolu hlobo lokuqwashisa luphathelene nokucabanga komuntu siqu okuletha imicabango yobugovu nokuzikhukhumeza. Ukukholelwa ekuzihlukaniseni nasekuziphakamiseni unomphela kuvela kule vijnana yesikhombisa.

Ukuqwashisa kwesishiyagalombili, i-alaya-vijnana, kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "ukwazi gcina". Le vijnana iqukethe konke okuvezwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, okuba yimbewu yekarma.

Impela, i-Yogacara ifundisa ukuthi i-vijnana ingokoqobo, kepha izinto zokuqwashisa azilona iqiniso. Esicabanga ngakho njengezinto zangaphandle kuyizidalwa zokwazi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Yogacara kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi isikole "sengqondo kuphela".

Isebenza kanjani? Konke okuhlangenwe nakho okungakhanyisiwe kudalwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-vijnana, ezikhiqiza okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu uqobo, okuhlala njalo kanye nezinto zephrojekthi yezinto ezikhohlisayo. Ekukhanyisweni, lezi zindlela ezihlukene zokuqwashisa ziyaguqulwa futhi ukuqwashisa okuholelwayo kuyakwazi ukubona iqiniso ngokoqobo nangokuqondile.

I-Yogacara ekusebenzeni
I- "Yoga" kulokhu i-yoga yokuzindla obekuyisisekelo sokuzijwayeza. U-Yogacara uphinde wagcizelela umkhuba we-Six Perfections.

Abafundi baseYogacara badlulela ezigabeni ezine zentuthuko. Okokuqala, umfundi wafunda izimfundiso zikaYogacara ukuze azazi kahle. Kwesesibili, umfundi udlulela ngale kwemiqondo futhi azibandakanye nezigaba eziyishumi zokukhula kwe-bodhisattva, okubizwa nge-bhumi. Kwesithathu, umfundi uqeda ukudlula ezigabeni eziyishumi aqale ukukhipha ukungcoliswa. Elesine, imibango isusiwe kanti umfundi uyakubona ukukhanya.