6 Zizindikiro zakuchenjeza kwa zipembedzo zachipembedzo

Kuchokera kuchipembedzo chakupha cha a Davidians a Nthambi mpaka kukangana kopitilira pa Scientology, lingaliro lampatuko limadziwika bwino ndipo limakambidwa nthawi zambiri. Komabe, chaka chilichonse, anthu zikwizikwi amakopeka ndi magulu ampatuko ndi mabungwe onga mpatuko, kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa chakuti samadziŵa mkhalidwe wampatuko wa gululo kufikira ataloŵa kale.

Zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi zochenjeza zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti gulu lachipembedzo kapena lauzimu lingakhaledi mpatuko.

Mtsogoleri ndi wosalakwa
M’mipatuko yambiri yachipembedzo, otsatira amauzidwa kuti mtsogoleri kapena woyambitsa amakhala wolondola nthaŵi zonse. Iwo omwe amafunsa mafunso, amadzutsa kutsutsa kulikonse kapena kuchita zinthu zomwe zimakayikira kukhulupirika kwawo nthawi zambiri amalangidwa. Kaŵirikaŵiri, ngakhale iwo amene ali kunja kwa mpatuko amene amadzetsa mavuto kwa atsogoleri akhoza kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndipo, nthaŵi zina, chilangocho chimakhala chakupha.

Mtsogoleri wachipembedzo nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi wapadera kapena waumulungu mwanjira ina. Malinga ndi zimene ananena Joe Navarro wa m’buku la Psychology Today, atsogoleri ambiri achipembedzo m’mbiri yonse ya anthu ali ndi “chikhulupiriro chochuluka chakuti iwo okha ndi amene anali ndi mayankho ku mavuto ndi kuti ayenera kulambiridwa.”

Njira zachinyengo zolembera anthu ntchito
Kulemba anthu m'zipembedzo nthawi zambiri kumakhudza kulimbikitsa mamembala omwe angakhale nawo kuti adzapatsidwa zomwe alibe pamoyo wawo. Popeza kuti atsogoleri nthawi zambiri amachitira nkhanza anthu amene ali ofooka komanso osatetezeka, sikovuta kuwatsimikizira kuti kulowa m’gululi kungathandize kuti moyo wawo ukhale wabwino.

Anthu amene amasalidwa m’dera lawo, amene ali ndi mabwenzi ndi achibale ochepa chabe amene amawathandiza, komanso amene amadziona kuti ndi osafunika ndi amene amawalembera usilikali. Popatsa omwe angakhale nawo mwayi wokhala nawo pachinthu chapadera - zauzimu, zachuma kapena chikhalidwe - amatha kukopa anthu.

Kawirikawiri, olemba ntchito amatsogolera ndi kamvekedwe ka malonda otsika. Iye ndi wanzeru kwambiri ndipo olembedwa ntchito sanauzidwe nthawi yomweyo zenizeni za gululo.

Kudzipatula m'chikhulupiriro
Zipembedzo zambiri zimafuna kuti mamembala awo azisankha okha. Otengamo mbali saloledwa kupita ku misonkhano ina yachipembedzo ndipo amauzidwa kuti angapeze chipulumutso chenicheni kupyolera m’ziphunzitso za kaguluko.

Gulu lachipembedzo la Heaven's Gate, lomwe linali logwira ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 90, linkagwira ntchito ndi lingaliro lakuti chombo chamlengalenga chidzafika kudzathamangitsa anthu padziko lapansi, makamaka pakubwera kwa comet Hale-Bopp. Komanso, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti alendo oipa anaipitsa anthu ambiri ndiponso kuti zipembedzo zina zonse zinalidi zida za anthu ankhanza amenewa. Choncho, mamembala a Chipata cha Kumwamba anafunsidwa kuti achoke mu mpingo uliwonse asanalowe m’gululo. Mu 1997, mamembala 39 a Heaven's Gate adadzipha mwaunyinji.

Kuwopseza, mantha ndi kudzipatula
Zipembedzo nthawi zambiri zimalekanitsa achibale, mabwenzi, ndi othandizana nawo kunja kwa gulu. Posakhalitsa mamembala amaphunzitsidwa kuti mabwenzi awo enieni okha - banja lawo lenileni, kunena kwake titero - ali otsatira ena ampatuko. Izi zimathandiza kuti atsogoleri azipatula anthu omwe angawachotse pagulu.

Alexandra Stein, mlembi wa Zoopsa, Chikondi ndi Kusokoneza Ubongo: Kumangirira mu Cults and Totalitarian Systems, anali m'gulu la Minneapolis lotchedwa The Organisation kwa zaka zingapo. Atatuluka m’kaguluko, anafotokoza chokumana nacho cha kudzipatula mokakamizidwa motere:

“… [F] kuti apeze bwenzi lenileni kapena kampani, otsatira amakumana ndi kudzipatula katatu: kuchokera kudziko lakunja, kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake mkati mwadongosolo lotsekeka komanso pazokambirana zawo zamkati, pomwe malingaliro omveka bwino okhudza gulu angabuke. "
Popeza kuti gulu lachipembedzo lingapitirizebe kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu ndi ulamuliro, atsogoleri amachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti asunge mamembala awo okhulupirika ndi omvera. Pamene wina ayamba kuyesa kuchoka pagulu, membalayo nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti akulandira ziwopsezo zachuma, zauzimu, kapena zakuthupi. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mabanja awo omwe si mamembala angawopsezedwe kuvulazidwa, kuti asunge munthu m'gululo.

Zochita zosaloledwa
M’mbiri yakale, atsogoleri ampatuko achipembedzo akhala akuloŵetsedwamo m’zochitika zosaloledwa ndi lamulo. Izi zimachokera ku nkhanza za zachuma ndi kupeza chuma mwachinyengo mpaka kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi ndi kugonana. Ambiri aimbidwa mlandu wakupha.

Gulu lachipembedzo la Ana a Mulungu likuimbidwa milandu yambiri yozunza m'matauni awo. Ammayi Rose McGowan amakhala ndi makolo ake mu gulu la COG ku Italy mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. M'mabuku ake, Brave, McGowan analemba za zomwe adakumbukira zakale kwambiri zakumenyedwa ndi mamembala achipembedzo ndipo adakumbukira momwe gululo limathandizira maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa akulu ndi ana.

Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh ndi Rajneesh Movement yake adapeza madola mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse kudzera m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana. Rajneesh ankakondanso Rolls Royces ndipo anali ndi oposa mazana anayi.

Gulu lachipembedzo la ku Japan la Aum Shinrikyo liyenera kuti linali limodzi mwa magulu akupha kwambiri m’mbiri yonse. Kuwonjezera pa kuchita chiwopsezo chakupha cha gasi wa sarin panjanji zapansi panthaka ku Tokyo chomwe chinapha anthu XNUMX ndi kuvulala masauzande, Aum Shinrikyo analinso ndi mlandu wakupha anthu ambiri. Ozunzidwawo anali loya wina dzina lake Tsutsumi Sakamoto ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, komanso Kiyoshi Kariya, mbale wa membala wachipembedzo yemwe anathawa.

Chiphunzitso chachipembedzo
Atsogoleri achipembedzo amakhala ndi mfundo zokhwima zachipembedzo zomwe anthu ayenera kutsatira. Ngakhale pakhoza kukhala kuyang'ana pa zochitika zenizeni za umulungu, zimachitidwa kupyolera mu utsogoleri wa gulu. Atsogoleri kapena oyambitsa anganene kuti ndi aneneri, monga momwe David Koresh wa Davidians a Nthambi adauza otsatira ake.

Zipembedzo zina zachipembedzo zimaphatikizapo maulosi a tsiku la chiwonongeko ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti Nthawi Yotsiriza ikubwera.

M’zipembedzo zina, atsogoleri achimuna amanena kuti Mulungu walamula kuti azikwatira akazi ambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti azidyera masuku pamutu akazi ndi atsikana ang’onoang’ono. Warren Jeffs wa The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, kagulu kamene kanatuluka m’Tchalitchi cha Mormon, anaimbidwa mlandu wogwiririra atsikana aŵiri azaka 12 ndi 15 zakubadwa. Jeffs ndi mamembala ena a mpatuko wake wa mitala mwadongosolo "anakwatira" "asungwana aang'ono, ponena kuti unali ufulu wawo waumulungu.

Ndiponso, atsogoleri ambiri ampatuko amamveketsa bwino lomwe kwa otsatira awo kuti iwo ndiwo okha apadera okwanira kulandira mauthenga ochokera kwaumulungu ndi kuti aliyense amene amati amamva mawu a Mulungu adzalangidwa kapena kusalidwa ndi gululo.

Chinsinsi cha zizindikiro zochenjeza zachipembedzo
Mipatuko imagwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo loyang'anira ndi kuwopseza, ndipo mamembala atsopano nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachinyengo ndi zowonongeka.
Chipembedzo nthawi zambiri chimasokoneza uzimu kuti chigwirizane ndi cholinga cha mtsogoleri kapena atsogoleri, ndipo iwo amene amafunsa kapena kutsutsa amalangidwa.
Ntchito zachigawenga zili ponseponse m’mipatuko yachipembedzo, imene imayenda bwino mwa kudzipatula ndiponso mwamantha. Kaŵirikaŵiri, machitachita osaloledwa ameneŵa amaloŵetsamo nkhanza zakuthupi ndi zakugonana.