Kodi Pietism ndi chiani mu Chikhristu? Tanthauzo ndi zikhulupiriro

Mwambiri, pietism ndi gulu pakati pa Chikhristu lomwe limagogomezera kudzipereka kwawo, chiyero komanso chidziwitso chenicheni cha uzimu pakutsatira ziphunzitso ndi miyambo yampingo. Makamaka, pietism imatanthawuza kudzutsidwa kwa uzimu komwe kukuchitika mkati mwa tchalitchi cha Lutheran cha XNUMX ku Germany.

Quote ya Pietism
"Kuphunzira zamulungu kuyenera kuchitika osati chifukwa chotsutsana ndi mikangano koma machitidwe mwa opembedza." -Philipp Jakob Spener

Zoyambira ndi oyambitsa pietism
Kuyenda kwachipembedzo kwadziwika m'mbiri yonse yachikhristu nthawi iliyonse pomwe chikhulupiriro sichikhala chamoyo komanso chidziwitso. Chipembedzo chikakhala chozizira, chovomerezeka komanso chopanda moyo, ndizotheka kuyang'ana mzere wakufa, njala ya uzimu ndikubadwa kwatsopano.

Pofika zaka za khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Kusintha kwa Chiprotesitanti kudakhala zipembedzo zitatu zazikuluzikulu: Anglican, Reformed ndi Lutheran, chimodzi chilichonse cholumikizidwa ku mabungwe andale. Kuyanjana kwapakati pa mpingo ndi boma kwabweretsa kufalikira kofala, umbuli wa mubaibulo ndi chisembwere m'Matchalitchi. Zotsatira zake, pietism idabadwa ngati njira yakufufutsira moyo m'chiphunzitso chaukadaulo ndi machitidwe a Kukonzanso.

Mawu akuti pietism akuwoneka kuti adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuzindikira gulu lomwe lotsogozedwa ndi Philipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705), wazachipembedzo wa Chilutera komanso m'busa ku Frankfurt, Germany. Amadziwika kuti ndi kholo la pietism waku Germany. Ntchito yayikulu ya Spener, Pia Desideria, kapena "Desre Desire for Pleasant Divine Reform", yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 1675, idakhala buku lapa pietism. Buku la Chingerezi la buku lofalitsidwa ndi Fortress Press likufalitsidwabe masiku ano.

A Spener atamwalira, a August Hermann Francke (1663-1727) adakhala mtsogoleri wa ojambula achi Germany. Monga m'busa komanso pulofesa ku Yunivesite ya Halle, zolemba zake, zophunzitsa komanso utsogoleri wa tchalitchi zapereka chitsanzo pakukonzanso kwamakhalidwe ndi kusintha moyo wa chikhristu cha m'baibulo.

Onse a Spener ndi a Francke adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolemba za Johann Arndt (1555-1621), mtsogoleri wakale wa tchalitchi cha Chilutera nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi abambo enieni ochita pietism ndi olemba mbiri amakono. Arndt adakhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri kudzera mu kupembedza kokhazikika kwawo, True Christian, yofalitsidwa mu 1606.

Kubwezeretsa Zakufa Zakufa
Spener ndi iwo omwe adamutsatira adayesetsa kukonza vuto lomwe lidakulirakulira lomwe "limakhala lakufa" mkati mwa Tchalitchi cha Lutheran. M'maso mwawo, moyo wachikhulupiriro kwa mamembala ampingo umachepa pang'onopang'ono kungotsatira chiphunzitso, maphunziro azachipembedzo komanso dongosolo la mpingo.

Pokonzekera kudzutsidwa kopembedza, kudzipereka ndi kudzipereka koona, Spener adabweretsa kusintha poyambitsa magulu ang'onoang'ono okhulupilira odzipereka omwe amakumana pafupipafupi kuti apemphere, kuphunzira Baibulo ndikulimbikitsana wina ndi mnzake. Maguluwa, otchedwa Collegium Pietatis, omwe amatanthauza "wopembedza", adatsindika moyo wopatulika. Mamembala amayang'ana pakupulumutsa chimo pokana kutenga nawo mbali pazakale zomwe amaziwona ngati zadziko.

Chiyero pamaphunziro azachipembedzo
Ma Pieters agogomezera kukonzanso kwa uzimu kwa munthu payekhapayekha kudzera mu kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa Yesu Khristu. Kudzipereka kumawonetsedwa ndi moyo watsopano womwe umafanizidwa pazitsanzo za m'Baibulo komanso kutsogoleredwa ndi Mzimu wa Kristu.

Mu pietism, chiyero chenicheni ndichofunika kwambiri kuposa kutsatira zamulungu ndi dongosolo la mpingo. Bayibulo ndi chitsogozo chokhazikika komanso chosagonjetseka chokhala moyo wachikhulupiriro. Okhulupirira amalimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikumatsatira zopembedza zawo ngati njira yakukula ndi njira yolimbana ndi luntha la munthu.

Kuphatikiza pakupanga chidziwitso cha iwo eni cha chikhulupiriro, ojambulawo amagogomezera za kuthandiza anthu ovutika komanso kuwonetsa chikondi cha Khristu kwa anthu adziko lapansi.

Zowonera pa Chikhristu chamakono
Ngakhale pietism sinakhale chipembedzo kapena tchalitchi cholinganizidwa, chinali ndi chofunikira kwambiri, chogwira pafupifupi Chiprotesitanti chonse ndikusiya chidziwitso chambiri pa uvangeli wamakono.

Nyimbo za John Wesley, komanso kutsindika kwake pa chomuchitikira cha Chikhristu, zidalemba ndi zizindikiro za pietism. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa a Pieter kutha kuwoneka m'matchalitchi omwe ali ndi masomphenya aumisili, mapulogalamu othandizira anthu ndi Madera, kutsimikizira pamagulu ang'ono ndi mapulogalamu owerengera Baibulo. Pietism adalimbikitsa momwe akhristu amakono amapembedzera, kuperekera ndi kutsogoza miyoyo yawo yachipembedzo.

Monga momwe ziliri zachipembedzo zilizonse, mitundu yoboola mwanjira inayake imatha kubweretsa zamalamulo kapena zogonana. Komabe, bola ngati kutsimikizika kwake kungakhazikike motsatira zaubwino wa chowonadi, kutengera pietism kumakhalabe mphamvu yopanga mphamvu komanso yobwezeretsa moyo mu mpingo wachikhristu wapadziko lonse komanso m'miyoyo ya okhulupilira payekha.