Kukhulupirira Mulungu komanso kudzipereka ku Buddha

Ngati kusakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu ndiko kusakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu kapena mulungu, ndiye kuti Abuda ambiri, ndiye kuti sakhulupirira Mulungu.

Chibuda sichikukhulupirira kapena kusakhulupirira Mulungu kapena milungu. M'malo mwake, Buddha wa mbiri yakale adaphunzitsa kuti kukhulupirira milungu sikunali kothandiza kwa iwo omwe amafuna kudziwa. Mwanjira ina, Mulungu safunika mu Chibuda, chifukwa ichi ndi chipembedzo chanzeru komanso malingaliro omwe amatsindika zotsatira zenizeni pazokhulupirira kapena milungu. Pachifukwa ichi, Buddhism imatchedwa ndindende m'malo osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu.

Buddha adanenanso momveka bwino kuti sanali mulungu, koma "adangodzutsidwa" ku zenizeni zenizeni. Komabe ku Asia konse, ndizofala kupeza anthu akupemphera kwa Buddha kapena zodziwika bwino za nthano zomwe zimapezeka pazithunzi za Buddha. Maulendo oyendayenda amathira mu stupas zomwe amati zimagwira zolemba za Buddha. Sukulu zina za Chibuda zimapembedza kwambiri. Ngakhale m'masukulu omwe alibe malingaliro, monga Theravada kapena Zen, pali miyambo yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwerama ndi kupereka chakudya, maluwa ndi zofukiza kwa chithunzi cha Buddha paguwa.

Mafilosofi kapena Chipembedzo?
Ena ku West amakana izi zopembedza komanso zopembedzera za Chibuda kuti zimawononga ziphunzitso zoyambirira za Buddha. Mwachitsanzo, a Sam Harris, wosazindikira kuti kulibe Mulungu yemwe adayamikira Chibuda, adati Buddha iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi Abuda. Chi Buddha chikhala bwinoko kwambiri, Harris adalemba, ngati zingathetsedwe kwathunthu misampha yazachipembedzo "yopanda pake, yopatsa chidwi komanso yachikhulupiriro"

Ndidayankhira funso loti Buddha ndi filosofi kapena chipembedzo kwina, ndikunena kuti zonsezo ndiziphunzitso komanso kuti lingaliro lonse "lodana ndi chipembedzo" silofunikira. Koma nanga bwanji za "zopanda pake, zopatsa chidwi komanso zamatsenga" zomwe Harris adanenazi? Kodi ndizovuta za ziphunzitso za Buddha? Kuzindikira kusiyana kwake kumafunikira kuyang'ana mozama pansi pa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe a Buddha.

Sakhulupirira zikhulupiriro
Sikuti ndimangokhulupirira milungu yomwe siigwirizana ndi Buddhism. Zikhulupiriro zamtundu uliwonse zimagwira gawo lina muchi Buddha kuposa zipembedzo zina zambiri.

Buddhism ndi njira "yakuuka" kapena kuwunikiridwa, ku chochitika chomwe sichimadziwika ndi ambiri aife. M'masukulu ambiri a Buddhism, zimamveka kuti kuwunikira komanso nirvana sizingafanane kapena kufotokozedwa m'mawu. Ayenera kukhala pamtima kuti amvetsetsedwe. Kungokhulupirira kuti "kuwunikira" ndi nirvana ndikopanda pake.

Mu Buddha, ziphunzitso zonse ndizakanthawi ndipo zimaweruzidwa ndi kuthekera kwawo. Mawu a Sanskrit a iyi ndi upaya, kapena "njira zaluso". Chiphunzitso chilichonse kapena machitidwe omwe amalola kuti muzindikire ndi upaya. Kaya chiphunzitsocho ndichowona kapena ayi sichingonena.

Udindo wodzipereka
Palibe mulungu, palibe chikhulupiriro, komabe Chibuda chimalimbikitsa kudzipereka. Zingakhale bwanji?

Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti chopinga chachikulu kwambiri pakuzindikira ndichakuti "Ine" ndiwokhazikika, wophatikiza, wodziyimira payekha. Ndi kuwona kudzera m'mawu abodza omwe mavomerezedwe amakula. Kudzipereka ndi upaya kuswa zomangira za ego.

Pachifukwa ichi, Buddha adaphunzitsa ophunzira ake kukhala ndi zizolowezi zakupembedza. Chifukwa chake, kudzipereka sikuli "chivundi" cha Buddhism, koma chiwonetsero cha izo. Inde, kudzipereka kumafunikira chinthu. Kodi Buddha wodzipereka kwa chiyani? Ili ndi funso lomwe lingafotokozeredwe, kufotokozedwa ndi kuyankhidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana panthawi zosiyanasiyana pamene kumvetsetsa kwa ziphunzitsozo kumakulirakulira.

Ngati Buddha sanali mulungu, bwanji ugwadire kwa chifanizo cha Buddha? Munthu amangowerama kuti ayamikire moyo ndi machitidwe a Buddha. Koma chithunzi cha Buddha chimayimiranso kudziwunikira lokha komanso mkhalidwe weniweni wa zinthu zonse.

M'nyumba yachifumu ya Zen pomwe ndidaphunzira koyamba za Chibuda, amonkewa adakonda kuwonetsa Buddha paguwa lansembe nati: "Muli kumtunda uko. Mukawerama mumadzigwadira. " Kodi amatanthauza chiyani? Mukumvetsa bwanji izi? Ndinu ndani? Kumene mumapeza kuti Kugwira ntchito ndi mafunso awa sikuti ndi chinyengo cha Buddha; ndi Chibuda. Kuti mumve zambiri za mtundu wodzipereka, onani nkhani ya "Kudzipereka mu Chibuda" ndi Nyanaponika Thera.

Zamoyo zonse zopeka, zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono
Zolengedwa zambiri zopeka komanso zolengedwa zomwe zimadzaza luso ndi zolemba za Mahayana Buddhism nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "milungu" kapena "milungu". Koma kamodzinso, kukhulupilira mwa iwo sindiwo mfundo. Nthawi zambiri kuposa pamenepo, ndizolondola kwambiri kuti azungu aziganiza za ma iconographic adas ndi bodhisattvas ngati archetypes osati zolengedwa zauzimu. Mwachitsanzo, Buddha akhoza kuyitanitsa Bodhisattva wachifundo kuti akhale wachifundo kwambiri.

Kodi Abuda amakhulupirira kuti zolengedwazi zilipo? Zachidziwikire, Buddhism muzochita zimakhala ndi zambiri zofananira "zenizeni zotsutsana" zomwe zimapezeka m'zipembedzo zina. Koma chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo ndichinthu chomwe Buddha amayang'ana mozama komanso mosiyana ndi momwe anthu nthawi zambiri amamvetsetsa "kukhalapo".

Kukhala kapena kukhala?
Nthawi zambiri, tikamafunsa ngati china chake chilipo, timafunsa ngati chiri "chenicheni" osati chongopeka. Koma Buddhism imayambira pamalingaliro oti momwe timamvetsetsa zam'dziko lapansi zachinyengo zimayambira pomwe. Kafukufukuyu ndikuzindikira kapena kuzindikira zokhumudwitsa ngati zokhumudwitsa zomwe zili.

Nanga "zenizeni" ndi chiani? Kodi "zongopeka" ndi chiani? "Zomwe zilipo" ndi ziti? Malaibulale akhala ndi mayankho a mafunso awa.

Ku Mahayana Buddhism, komwe ndi mtundu wachipembedzo chachi Buddha ku China, Tibet, Nepal, Japan ndi Korea, zochitika zonsezi zilibe chidwi. Sukulu ya nzeru za Buddha, Madhyamika, imati zochitika zimachitika pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi zochitika zina. Wina, wotchedwa Yogachara, amaphunzitsa kuti zinthu zimangokhala ngati njira zodziwitsa komanso sizimakhala zenizeni.

Wina anganene kuti ku Buddha funso lalikulu silakuti milungu iliko, koma chilengedwe ndi chiyani? Ndipo mwiniwake ndi chiyani?

Akatswiri ena achikale achikristu, monga wolemba wosadziwika wa The Cloud of Unnowing, anena kuti sizolondola kunena kuti Mulungu aliko chifukwa kukhalapo kuli kofanana ndi kutenga mawonekedwe ena munthawi yochepa. Popeza Mulungu alibe mawonekedwe ake ndipo alibe nthawi, Mulungu sanganenedwe kuti alipo. Komabe, Mulungu ali. Uwu ndi mutu womwe ambiri a ife Abuda osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu angayamikire.