Baibulo: pali ubale wotani pakati pa Atate ndi Mwana?

Kuti ndiganizire ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa Yesu ndi Atate, ndidayamba ndikuganizira za Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane, popeza ndaphunzira bukuli kwazaka makumi atatu ndipo naliloweza. Ndinalemba kuchuluka kwakanthawi pomwe Yesu amatchula za Atate, kapena pomwe John amatchula za ubale womwe udalipo pakati pawo: Ndapeza zolemba 95, koma ndikuganiza kuti ndataya zina. Kuti tiwone bwino izi, ndapeza kuti Mauthenga Abwino atatuwo amangonena za ubalewu maulendo 12 okha pakati pawo.

Chikhalidwe cha Utatu ndi kumvetsetsa kwathu kotsekedwa
Popeza Lemba sililekanitsa Atate ndi Mwana ku Mzimu, tiyenera kupita mosamala. Tisanayang'ane momwe Mwanayo amagwirizanirana ndi Atate, tiyenera kuganizira za chiphunzitso cha Utatu, Anthu Atatu Aumulungu: Mulungu Atate, Mulungu Mwana ndi Mulungu Mzimu. Sitingathe kukambirana ziwirizi osazindikira munthu wachitatu. Tiyeni tiyesere kulingalira momwe Utatu wayandikirira: palibe nthawi kapena danga pakati pawo kapena pakati pawo. Amayenda mogwirizana bwino m'malingaliro, chifuniro, ntchito ndi cholinga. Amalingalira ndikuchita mogwirizana kwathunthu popanda kupatukana. Sitingathe kufotokoza mgwirizanowu m'njira zomveka. Woyera Augustine adazindikira mgwirizano umenewu pogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "thunthu", "Kuti Mwana ndi Mulungu wa chinthu chimodzi ndi Atate. Amanenedwa kuti si Atate okha komanso Utatu wosafa. Zinthu zonse sizichokera kwa Atate chokha, komanso kwa Mwana. Kuti Mzimu Woyera ndiye Mulungu, wofanana ndi Atate ndi Mwana ”(On the Trinity, Loc 562).

Chinsinsi cha Utatu chikutsimikizira kuti sichingatheke kuti malingaliro amunthu amalire afufuze mokwanira. Akhristu amapembedza anthu atatuwa ngati Mulungu m'modzi komanso Mulungu m'modzi monga anthu atatu. A Thomas Oden alemba kuti: "Umodzi wa Mulungu si umodzi wazigawo zokhazokha koma [za] anthu odziwika" (Systematic Theology, Volume One: The Living God 215).

Kulingalira za Umodzi wa Mulungu kumabweretsa malingaliro amunthu. Timagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndikuyesera kugawa zomwe sizigawanika. Timayesetsa kupanga bungwe la anthu atatu muumulunguwo, ndikupangitsa kufunikira kwa gawo kapena ntchito ya munthu m'modzi kuposa winayo. Tikufuna kugawa ndikuwongolera Utatu malingana ndi malingaliro amunthu. Komabe, tikatero, timakana chikhalidwe cha Mulungu monga momwe zawululidwira m'Malemba ndikupita kutali ndi chowonadi. Mgwirizano womwe muli Anthu Atatuwo sungadziwike ndi anthu. Yesu akutsimikizira mgwirizanowu mosapita m'mbali pamene alengeza kuti: "Ine ndi Atate ndife amodzi" (Yohane 10:30). Filipo akulimbikitsa Yesu kuti "atiwonetse ife Atate ndipo zitikwanira" (Yohane 14: 8), Yesu akumudzudzula, "Ndakhala ndi iwe nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo sukundidziwa, Filipo? Aliyense amene wawona ine waonanso Atate. Munganene bwanji, "Tiwonetseni ife Atate"? Simukhulupirira kodi kuti Ine ndiri mwa Atate ndi Atate ali mwa Ine? Mawu amene ndinena ndi inu sindinena kwa ine ndekha, koma Atate wokhala mwa Ine achita ntchito zake. Khulupirirani Ine, kuti Ine ndiri mwa Atate ndi Atate ali mwa Ine, kapena khulupirirani chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe. ”(Yohane 14: 9-11).

Filipo wataya tanthauzo la mawu a Yesu, za kufanana Kwake mkati mwa Umulungu. "Chifukwa anali ndi lingaliro, ngati kuti Atate ali m'njira inayake yoposa Mwana, kuti Filipo anali ndi chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa Atate: ndipo chifukwa chake sanamudziwe Mwanayo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti anali wotsika kwa wina. Kunali kukonza lingaliro ili kuti zinanenedwa kuti: Iye wondiona ine awonanso Atate ”(Augustine, The Tractates on the Gospel of John, loc. 10515).

Ifenso, monga Filipo, timakonda kuganiza za Utatu monga wolowezana, ndi Atate monga wamkulu, kenako Mwana kenako Mzimu. Komabe, Utatu ulipo wosagawanika, ndipo onse atatu ali ofanana. Chikhulupiriro cha Athanasius chimachitira umboni ku chiphunzitsochi cha Utatu kuti: “Ndipo mu Utatu umenewu palibe amene analipo asanakhale kapena pambuyo pa winayo; palibe wamkulu kapena wochepera mnzake; koma anthu atatu onse ndi amoyo wamuyaya wina ndi mnzake ndipo ndi ofanana kuti muzinthu zonse… Utatu mwa Umodzi ndi Umodzi mu Utatu uyenera kupembedzedwa. Chifukwa chake, aliyense amene akufuna kupulumutsidwa ayenera kulingalira za Utatu motere. "(The Creed of Athanasius in Concordia: The Lutheran Confession, A Readers Edition of the Book of Concord, p. 17).

Khristu amakhala thupi ndi ntchito ya chipulumutso
Yesu akufotokoza za umodzi umenewu ndi udindo wake mu chipulumutso pa Yohane 14: 6 pamene akuti, “Ine ndine njira, chowonadi ndi moyo. Palibe amene amafika kwa Atate osadzera mwa ine “. Otsutsa ena achikristu amatsindika mawu a Yesu ndikufuula kuti awanyoze. Amatitsutsa chifukwa choumirira kuti Yesu ndiye njira yokhayo yopezera chipulumutso kapena kuyanjana ndi Mulungu. Komabe, vesi ili likuti anthu kudzera mwa Mwana ndi amene angathe kudziwa Atate. Tili ndi mkhalapakati wangwiro, woyera pakati pathu ndi Mulungu woyera. Yesu samakana chidziwitso cha Atate monga ena amaganizira. Limangonena kuti anthu amene sakhulupirira umodzi wake ndi Atate sadziwa zenizeni za Mulungu Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu. Yesu adabwera padziko lapansi kudzalengeza za Atate, ndiko kuti, kuwadziwitsa. Yohane 1:18 amati: “Kulibe munthu anaonapo Mulungu; Mulungu yekhayo amene ali pambali pa Atate ndiye wamuonetsa Iye.

Pofuna kupulumutsidwa, Mwana wa Mulungu ali wokhutira kubwera padziko lapansi kudzatengera tchimo la dziko lonse lapansi. Mu ntchitoyi, chifuniro cha Mulungu ndi cholinga chake sizigawanika pakati pa Atate ndi Mwana, koma zimakwaniritsidwa ndi Mwana ndi Atate. Yesu anati, "Atate wanga akugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano, inenso ndikugwira ntchito" (Yohane 5:17). Apa Yesu akutsimikizira ntchito Yake yamuyaya monga Mwana wa Mulungu. Zimaphatikizapo ungwiro womwe Mulungu amafuna kuti ayanjane ndi anthu. Chikhalidwe chauchimo cha munthu chimatilepheretsa kukwaniritsa ungwirowo popanda Khristu. Chifukwa chake, popeza "onse adachimwa, naperewera pa ulemerero wa Mulungu" (Aroma 3:23), palibe amene amapulumutsidwa ndi kuyesetsa kwake. Yesu, Mwana wa munthu, adakhala moyo wangwiro pamaso pa Mulungu m'malo mwathu ndipo adafa ngati chiwombolo cha machimo athu. Mwana wa Mulungu "adadzichepetsa yekha pomvera kufikira imfa, ndiyo imfa ya pamtanda" (Afilipi 2: 8) kuti tikhale olungama ndi chisomo chake, kutiomboledwa ndi kuyanjanitsidwa ndi Mulungu kudzera mwa iye.

Yesu akutumizidwa ndi Mulungu kuti akhale wantchito wovutika. Kwa kanthawi, Mwana wa Mulungu, amene kudzera mwa iye zinthu zonse zinapangidwa, anakhala "wocheperako poyerekeza ndi angelo" (Masalmo 8: 5), kuti "dziko lapansi lipulumutsidwe kudzera mwa iye" (Yohane 3:17). Timatsimikizira kuti Khristu ali ndi mphamvu zaumulungu tikamalengeza mu Chikhulupiriro cha Athanasius kuti: "Chifukwa chake, ndichikhulupiriro choyenera kuti timakhulupirira ndikuvomereza kuti Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, Mwana wa Mulungu, ndi Mulungu komanso munthu. Iye ndiye Mulungu wopangidwa kuchokera ku uthunthu wa Atate pamaso pa mibadwo yonse: ndipo Iye ndi munthu, wobadwa mwa thunthu la amayi Ake mu m'badwo uno: Mulungu wangwiro ndi munthu wangwiro, wopangidwa ndi mzimu wanzeru ndi thupi la munthu; wofanana ndi Atate polemekeza umulungu wake, wotsika kuposa Atate polemekeza umunthu wake. Ngakhale ali Mulungu ndi munthu, siali awiri, koma Khristu m'modzi: m'modzi, komabe, osati wosandutsa umulungu kukhala thupi, koma pakutengera umunthu kukhala Mulungu; koposa zonse, osati ndi chisokonezo cha zinthu, koma ndi umodzi wa munthu "(The Creed of Athanasius).

Umodzi wa Mulungu umawonekeranso muntchito ya chipulumutso, modabwitsa, popeza Yesu akuwoneka kuti akupanga kusiyanitsa pakati pa Mwana wa Mulungu ndi Mwana wa munthu pamene akunena kuti: "Palibe amene angabwere kwa ine pokhapokha Atate amene ali ndi ine sanakutumize iwe ”(Yohane 6:44). Apa Yesu akulankhula zakudalira kwake kwa Atate pamene amanyamula mawonekedwe osalimba a wantchito wovutikayo. Kubvala thupi kwa Khristu sikumamchotsera Iye mphamvu Yake yaumulungu pamene ali wodzichepetsa: "Ndipo ine, pamene ndidzakwezedwa padziko lapansi, ndidzakokera anthu onse kwa Ine" (Yohane 12:32). Amawonetsera ulamuliro Wake wakumwamba kupereka "moyo kwa iye amene Iye afuna." (Yohane 5:21).

Kupanga zosaoneka kuwoneka
Kulekanitsa Umulungu kumachepetsa kukula kwa thupi la Khristu: Mwana wa Mulungu adawonekera ndipo adakhala pakati pathu kuti adziwitse Atate wosawonekayo. Wolemba Buku la Ahebri amakweza Khristu wokhala mthupi atalengeza za Mwana, "ndiye ulemerero wa ulemerero wa Mulungu ndi mawonekedwe enieni a chilengedwe chake, ndipo amachirikiza chilengedwe chonse ndi mawu a mphamvu yake. Atatha kuyeretsedwa kwa machimo, adakhala kudzanja lamanja la Wam'mwambamwamba. "(Ahebri 1: 3)

Augustine Woyera akufotokoza za chizolowezi chathu choumirira pankhani za Utatu: "Chifukwa adawona Mwana wake akufanana ndendende, koma amafunikira chowonadi kuti chikhomereke pa iwo, kuti monga Mwana amene adamuwona, analinso Atate omwe sanamuwone adawona "(Augustine, The Treatises on the Gospel of John, loc. 10488)

Chikhulupiriro cha ku Nicaea chimachitira umboni chiphunzitso chofunikira ichi ndipo Akhristu amatsimikizira umodzi wa Umulungu ndi vumbulutso la Atate kudzera mwa Mwana tikamalengeza kuti:

"Ndikhulupirira Ambuye m'modzi Yesu Khristu, Mwana wobadwa yekha wa Mulungu, wobadwa ndi Atate Wake pamaso pa maiko onse, Mulungu wa Mulungu, Kuunika kwa Kuunika, Mulungu woona wa Mulungu mwini, wobadwa, wosapangidwa, wokhala ndi thupi limodzi ndi Atate, amene zinthu zonse zinapangidwa; yemwe chifukwa cha ife amuna ndi chipulumutso chathu adatsika kuchokera kumwamba ndikukhala thupi ndi Mzimu Woyera wa namwali Maria ndikukhala munthu “.

Kuganizira mozama za Utatu
Tiyenera nthawi zonse kuyandikira chiphunzitso cha Utatu ndi mantha komanso ulemu, ndipo tiyenera kupewa malingaliro opanda pake. Akhristu amasangalala mwa Khristu ngati njira yokhayo kwa Atate. Yesu Khristu Munthu-Mulungu amaulula za Atate kuti tikapulumuke ndikukhala kwamuyaya ndi mwachimwemwe mu umodzi wa Umulungu. Yesu akutitsimikizira ife za malo athu mwa Iye pamene apempherera ophunzira ake onse, osati khumi ndi awiri okha, "Ulemerero umene mwandipatsa ndapatsa iwo, kuti akhale amodzi monga ife tiri amodzi, Ine mwa iwo ndi Inu mwa Ine, kuti akhale amodzi; kuti dziko lapansi lizindikire kuti Inu munandituma Ine, nimunawakonda iwo monga munandikonda Ine ”(Yohane 17: 22-23). Ndife ogwirizana ndi Utatu kudzera mu chikondi ndi kudzipereka kwa Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu.

"Chifukwa chake, ndichikhulupiliro choyenera chomwe timakhulupirira ndikuvomereza kuti Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, Mwana wa Mulungu, ndi Mulungu komanso munthu nthawi yomweyo. Iye ndiye Mulungu, wopangidwa kuchokera ku uthunthu wa Atate pamaso pa mibadwo yonse: ndipo Iye ndi munthu, wobadwa kuchokera ku thunthu la amayi Ake mu m'badwo uno: Mulungu wangwiro ndi munthu wangwiro, wopangidwa ndi mzimu wanzeru ndi thupi laumunthu; wofanana ndi Atate polemekeza umulungu wake, wotsika kuposa Atate polemekeza umunthu wake. Ngakhale ali Mulungu ndi munthu, siali awiri, koma Khristu m'modzi: m'modzi, komabe, osati wosandutsa umulungu kukhala thupi, koma pakutengera umunthu kukhala Mulungu; koposa zonse, osati ndi chisokonezo cha zinthu, koma ndi umodzi wa munthu "(The Creed of Athanasius).