Mbiri ya Justin Martyr

Justin Martyr (100-165 AD) anali bambo wakale wa Tchalitchi yemwe adayamba ntchito yake yaukadaulo koma adazindikira kuti zonena za moyo sizikumveka. Atazindikira Chikristu, adayesetsa kutsatira modzipereka mpaka kuphedwa.

Zowonjezera: Justin Martyr
Amadziwikanso kuti: Flavio Giustino
Ntchito: Nzeru, wazamulungu, wokhululuka
Kubadwa: c. 100 AD
Inanyengedwa: 165 AD
Maphunziro: Maphunziro apamwamba mu nzeru za Chigriki ndi Chiroma
Ntchito zosindikizidwa: zokambirana ndi Trypho, ndikupepesa
Mawu otchuka: "Tikuyembekeza kulandiranso matupi athu, ngakhale atafa ndi kuponyedwa padziko lapansi, popeza timati kwa Mulungu palibe chosatheka."
Sakani mayankho
Wobadwira mumzinda wa Flavia Neapolis ku Roma, pafupi ndi mzinda wakale wa Samariya ku Shekemu, Justin anali mwana wa makolo achikunja. Tsiku lobadwa ake silikudziwika, koma mwina zinali zoyambirira.

Ngakhale akatswiri ena amakono adatsutsa luntha la Justin, anali ndi chidwi chofuna kuphunzira ndipo adalandira maphunziro okhazikika pazokakamira, ndakatulo komanso mbiri. Ali wachichepere, Justin adaphunzira masukulu osiyanasiyana anzeru, kufunafuna mayankho a mafunso ovuta kwambiri pamoyo.

Cholinga chake choyamba chinali kuchita zamakhalidwe, zoyambitsidwa ndi Agiriki ndikupangidwa ndi Aroma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zinthu zomveka komanso kuti azikwaniritsa. Asitoiki anaphunzitsa kudziletsa komanso kusakonda zinthu zopanda mphamvu zathu. Justin anapeza kuti nzeruzi zikusowa.

Pambuyo pake, adaphunzira ndi katswiri wazopeka kapena wa nzeru za Aristotelian. Komabe, Justin posakhalitsa adazindikira kuti mwamunayo amakonda kwambiri kusonkhetsa msonkho wake kuposa kupeza chowonadi. Mphunzitsi wake wotsatira anali Pythagorean, yemwe adanenetsa kuti Justin amaphunziranso za jiometry, nyimbo ndi sayansi ya zakuthambo, nawonso akufuna zomwe amafuna. Sukulu yomaliza, ya Plato, inali yovuta kwambiri kuchokera pamlingo waluntha, koma sinayankhe zovuta zaumunthu zomwe Justin adasamala.

Munthu wodabwitsa
Tsiku lina, Justin ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 30, adakumana ndi bambo wina wachikulire akuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Munthu adalankhula ndi iye za Yesu Khristu ndi momwe Khristu anali kukwaniritsidwa komwe amalonjezedwa ndi aneneri akale achiyuda.

M'mene amalankhula, bambo wachikulirepo adapanga dzenje mu malingaliro a Plato ndi Aristotle, ndikuti chifukwa sichinali njira yopezera Mulungu.Malo mwake, munthu adaloza kwa aneneri omwe adakumana ndi Mulungu ndipo adaneneratu za njira yake yopulumutsira.

"Moto udayatsidwa mwadzidzidzi m'moyo wanga," adatero Justin pambuyo pake. "Ndimakondana ndi aneneri komanso anthu awa omwe adakonda Khristu; Ndidaganizira mawu awo onse ndipo ndidazindikira kuti nzeru zokhazokha ndizowona komanso zopindulitsa. Nazi zifukwa zake komanso chifukwa chake ndinakhala wafilosofi. Ndipo ndikulakalaka aliyense atamamvanso chimodzimodzi. "

Pambuyo pa kutembenuka mtima kwake, Justin adadziyesa ngati nzeru m'malo mwaumulungu kapenanso mmishonale. Amakhulupilira kuti Plato ndi anzeru achi Greek ena adabera ziphunzitso zawo zambiri kuchokera m'Baibulo, koma popeza Baibulo lidachokera kwa Mulungu, chikhristu chinali "nzeru yeniyeni" ndipo chidakhala chikhulupiriro choyenera kufa.

Ntchito zazikulu ndi Justin
Cha m'ma 132 AD Justin adapita ku Efeso, mzinda womwe mtumwi Paulo adayambitsa mpingo. Pamenepo, Justin anali ndi zokambirana ndi Myuda wotchedwa Trifo pa kutanthauzira kwa Baibulo.

Atachoka ku Giustino anali ku Roma, komwe anayambitsa sukulu Yachikristu. Chifukwa chazunzo la akhristu, Justin adachita zambiri pophunzitsa mnyumba za anthu. Amakhala pamwamba pa munthu wotchedwa Martinus, pafupi ndi malo osambira a Timiotinian.

Zambiri mwazomwe amachita za Justin zimatchulidwa m'zolemba za Abambo a Tchalitchi choyambirira, koma ndi zinthu zitatu zokhazo zomwe zimatsalira. Pansipa pali chidule cha mfundo zazikuluzikulu.

Kukambirana ndi Trypho
Kutenga njira yakutsutsana ndi Myuda ku Efeso, bukuli ndi loletsa Anti-Semitic malinga ndi mfundo za masiku ano. Komabe, yagwira ntchito yoteteza Chikhristu kwa zaka zambiri. Akatswiri amaphunziro amakhulupirira kuti linalembedweratu pambuyo pa kupepesa, komwe ananena. Kufufuza kosakwaniritsidwa kwa chiphunzitso Chachikhristu:

Chipangano Chakale chikuyamba njira ku Chipangano Chatsopano;
Yesu Khristu anakwaniritsa maulosi a Chipangano Chakale;
Mitundu idzasinthidwa, ndi Akhristu monga anthu osankhidwa mwatsopano.
scusa
Kupepesa kwa Justin, buku lomwe limafotokoza za chikhrisitu cha Chikhristu, kapena kudziyimira, lidalembedwa cha mu 153 AD ndipo adalembera mfumu Antoninus Pius. Justin adayesetsa kuwonetsa kuti Chikristu sichinali chowopseza ku Roma koma machitidwe omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chomwe chimachokera kwa Mulungu. Justin adatsindika mfundo izi:

Akhristu siopandu;
Akadakonda kufa m'malo mokana Mulungu wawo kapena kupembedza Mafano;
Akhristu amapembedza Yesu Khristu wopachikidwa;
Khristu ndiye Mawu athupi, kapena Logos;
Chikristu chimaposa zikhulupiriro zina;
Justin adalongosola kupembedza kwachikristu, ubatizo ndi Ukaristia.
"Kupepesa" kwachiwiri
Phunziroli lamakono limangowerenga Apology Yachiwiri monga zowonjezera pa zoyambazo ndipo ikuti Mpingo, Abambo Eusebio, adalakwitsa ataweruza kuti ndi chikalata chachiwiri chodziyimira pawokha. Sizokayikiranso ngati adaperekedwa kwa Emperor Marcus Aurelius, wafilosofi wodziwika. Ikufotokoza mfundo zazikulu ziwiri:

Imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kusayeruzika kwa Urbino kwa Akhristu;
Mulungu amalola zoipa chifukwa cha Providence, ufulu waumunthu komanso chiwonongeko chomaliza.
Zolembedwa zosachepera khumi zimadziwika ndi Justin Martyr, koma umboni wotsimikiza kwawo ndiwokayikira. Ambiri adalembedwa ndi amuna ena otchedwa Justin, zomwe zinali zodziwika kale kwambiri.

Wophedwa chifukwa cha Khristu
Justin adayamba kutsutsana pagulu ku Roma ndi anzeru awiri: Marcion, wokhulupirira, ndi Crescens, wonyoza. Nthano imanena kuti Giustino adagonjetsa Crescens pamtundu wawo ndipo, atavulala chifukwa cha kutayika, Crescens adatumiza Giustino ndi ophunzira ake asanu ndi mmodzi kupita ku Rustico, woyang'anira wakale wa Roma.

Munkhani ya mlandu wa 165 AD, Rusticus adafunsa Justin ndi enawo mafunso za zomwe amakhulupirira. Justin adapereka chidule chachidule cha chiphunzitso cha chikhristu ndipo ena onse adavomereza kuti ndi Akhristu. Kenako Rusticus adawalamulira kuti apereke nsembe kwa milungu ya Chiroma ndipo adakana.

Rusticus adawalamulira kuti adzakwapulidwa ndikudulidwa mutu. Justin anati: "Kupemphera, titha kupulumutsidwa chifukwa cha Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, ngakhale titalangidwa, chifukwa izi zidzakhala chipulumutso chathu ndikudalira pampando woweruza ndi owopsa kwambiri wa Ambuye ndi Mpulumutsi wathu".

Cholowa cha Justin
Justin Martyr, wazaka zachiwiri, adayesetsa kuletsa kusiyana pakati pa nzeru ndi chipembedzo. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, komabe, adawukiridwa chifukwa sanali wophunzira nzeru kapena Mkristu wowona. M'malo mwake, adaganiza zopeza nzeru zenizeni kapena zabwinobwino ndipo adalandira Chikristu chifukwa cha cholowa chake chauneneri komanso chiyero chamakhalidwe.

Zolemba zake zinasiya kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za misa yoyamba, komanso malingaliro a anthu atatuwo mwa Mulungu m'modzi - Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera - zaka Tertullian asanayambitse chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Chitetezo cha Justin kuchokera ku Chikhristu chinagogomezera zamakhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zapamwamba kuposa Plato.

Zikadatenga zaka zopitilira 150 kuchokera pamene Justin adaphedwa Chikristu chisanalandiridwe ndikulimbikitsidwa mu ufumu wa Roma. Komabe, adapereka chitsanzo cha munthu yemwe adakhulupirira malonjezo a Yesu Khristu ndipo ngakhale adapereka moyo wake pamenepo.