Mbiri ya Sant'Agostino
A St. Augustine, bishopu wa ku Hippo kumpoto kwa Africa (kuyambira 354 mpaka 430 AD), anali m'modzi mwa malingaliro akulu ampingo woyamba wachikhristu, wazamulungu yemwe malingaliro awo adalimbikitsa Akatolika ndi Apulotesitanti Achiroma kwamuyaya.
Koma Augustine sanabwerere Chikhristu ndi njira yosavuta. Ali wamng'ono adayamba kufunafuna chowonadi m'mafilosofi achikunja ndi miyambo yotchuka ya nthawi yake. Moyo wake wachichepere udadziwikanso ndi chiwerewere. Nkhani ya kutembenuka mtima, yomwe idauzidwa m'buku lake Confidence, ndiumboni wina waukulu kwambiri wachikhristu.
Njira yokhotakhota ya Augustine
Agostino adabadwa mu 354 ku Thagaste, m'chigawo cha North Africa cha Numidia, komwe masiku ano ndi Algeria. Abambo ake, Patrizio, anali wachikunja yemwe amagwira ntchito ndikusunga kuti mwana wake alandire maphunziro abwino. Amayi ake a Monica, anali Mkristu wodzipereka yemwe amapemphera mwana wake nthawi zonse.
Kuchokera ku maphunziro oyambira mumzinda wakwawo, Augustine adayamba kuphunzira mabuku akale, kenako adapita ku Carthage kukaphunzitsira za rhetoric, mothandizidwa ndi womuthandiza wotchedwa Romanian. Kampani yoyipa yatsogolera kumakhalidwe oyipa. Augustine adatenga wokonda mwana wamwamuna, Adeodatus, yemwe anamwalira mu 390 AD
Motsogozedwa ndi kufunafuna kwake nzeru, Augustine adakhala wa ku Manichean. Manichaeism, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi wafilosofi waku Persia Mani (kuyambira 216 mpaka 274 AD), adaphunzitsa awiri, kugawanika kwamphamvu pakati pa chabwino ndi choyipa. Monga Gnosticism, chipembedzo ichi chimati chidziwitso chobisika ndiye njira yachipulumuko. Anayesa kuphatikiza ziphunzitso za Buddha, Zoroaster ndi Yesu Khristu.
Pakadali pano, Monica adapemphera kuti mwana wake asanduke. Izi zidachitika mu 387, pomwe Agostino adabatizidwa ndi Ambrogio, bishopu wa Milan, Italy. A Augustine anabwerera kumudzi kwawo ku Thagaste, adadzakhala wansembe ndipo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala bishopu wa mzinda wa Hippo.
Augustine anali wanzeru kwambiri koma anali ndi moyo wosalira zambiri, wofanana ndi wamonke. Analimbikitsanso amonke ndi ma tchalitchi mkati mwa bishopu wake ku Africa ndipo amalandila alendo omwe amatha kucheza nawo. Zakhala zikugwira ntchito ngati wansembe wa parishi kuposa bishopu wosachedwa, koma pa moyo wake wonse adalemba.
Zolembedwa pamitima yathu
Augustine anaphunzitsa kuti m'Chipangano Chakale (Chipangano Chakale), lamuloli linali kunja kwa ife, lolemba pamiyala yamiyala, Malamulo Khumi. Lamulo silimaphatikizapo kulungamitsidwa, kuchimwira kokha.
Mu Chipangano Chatsopano, kapena Chipangano Chatsopano, lamuloli lidalembedwa mkati mwathu, m'mitima yathu, adatinso ife timayesedwa olungama chifukwa cha chisomo cha Mulungu ndi chikondi cha agape.
Chilungamo sichimachokera muntchito zathu, koma timapambanitsidwa chifukwa cha imfa yophimba machimo ya Khristu pamtanda, omwe chisomo chake chimadza kwa ife kudzera mwa Mzimu Woyera, kudzera mchikhulupiriro ndi ubatizo.
Augustine adakhulupirira kuti chisomo cha Khristu sichidawerengedwa ku akaunti yathu kuti athetse machimo athu, koma m'malo mwake amatithandizira kuti tisunge malamulo. Tazindikira kuti sitingathe kulemekeza malamulo ndi ife tokha, chifukwa chake timatsogozedwa kwa Khristu. Mwachisomo, sitisunga chilamulo kuti tisachite mantha, monga mu Chipangano Chakale, koma chifukwa cha chikondi, adatero.
M'moyo wake wonse, Augustine adalemba za chikhalidwe chauchimo, Utatu, ufulu wakudzisankhira komanso chibadwa chauchimo cha munthu, masakaramenti komanso kutsimikizira kwa Mulungu. Malingaliro ake anali ochulukirapo mwakuti malingaliro ake ambiri adapereka maziko pazamaphunziro azachikhristu kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Mphamvu yakufika zakale ya Augustine
Ntchito ziwiri zodziwika bwino za Augustine ndi Confidence ndi The City of God. Mu Confidence, amafotokoza nkhani ya chiwerewere chake komanso mayi ake amadera nkhawa kwambiri moyo wake. Amawerengera za chikondi chake kwa Yesu, nati, "Chifukwa chake nditha kusiya kudzimvera chisoni ndikupeza chisangalalo mwa inu."
Mzinda wa Mulungu, wolembedwa chakumapeto kwa moyo wa Augustine, udali wotetezera Chikristu mu ufumu wa Roma. Mfumu Theodosius adapanga Chikristu chachipembedzo chachipembedzo chachifumu mu 390. Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, achibarigine a Visigoth, motsogozedwa ndi Alaric I, adalanda Roma. Aroma ambiri adatsutsa Chikristu, ponena kuti kuchoka kwa milungu yakale ya Roma kudapangitsa kuti agonje. Mzinda wonse wa Mulungu umasiyanitsa mizinda yakumwamba ndi yakumwamba.
Pamene anali bishopu waku Hippo, Woyera Augustine adakhazikitsa nyumba za agogo za amuna ndi akazi. Adalembanso lamulo, kapena malangizo a chikhalidwe cha amonke ndi masisitere. Palibe mpaka 1244 pomwe gulu la amonke ndi azimuna adalumikizana ndi Italy ndipo Order of St. Augustine idakhazikitsidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli.
Pafupifupi zaka 270 pambuyo pake, wolambira Agiriki, yemwenso ndi wophunzira Baibulo monga Augustine, adapandukira malingaliro ndi ziphunzitso zambiri za tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika. Dzina lake anali Martin Luther ndipo adakhala wodziwika kwambiri mu Chiprotesitanti.