Buddhism ndi sexism

Amayi achi Buddha, kuphatikiza ndi avirigo, azunzidwa kwambiri ndi mabungwe achi Buddha ku Asia kwazaka zambiri. Pali kusalingana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu zipembedzo zambiri za dziko lapansi, koma izi sizowunamizira. Kodi kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kumagwirizana ndi Buddha kapena kodi mabungwe achi Buddha amatenga zachikhalidwe kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha ku Asia? Kodi Buddhism ikhoza kuwatenga azimayi ngati ofanana ndikukhalabe Buddha?

Buddha wachipembedzo komanso masisitere oyamba
Tiyeni tiyambire kuyambira pa chiyambi, ndi Buddha wa mbiri yakale. Malinga ndi Pali Vinaya ndi malembo ena oyambilira, Poyamba Buddha adakana kusankha akazi kuti akhale asisitere. Anatinso kuti kuloleza amayi kulowa Sangha kumangopangitsa zomwe amaphunzitsa kukhala zaka 500 - 1.000 mmalo mwa chikwi.

Msuwani wa a Buddha Ananda adafunsa ngati panali chifukwa china chomwe amayi sangathe kuwunikira ndikulowa mu Nirvana komanso amuna. Buddha adavomereza kuti palibe chifukwa choti mkazi sangathe kuwunikiridwa. "Amayi, Ananda, atatha kukwaniritsa, amatha kuzindikira chipatso chofikira kutuluka kapena chipatso cha kubwerera kapena chipatso cha osabwerako kapena arahant," adatero.

Iyi ndiye nkhani, komabe. Olemba mbiri ena amati nkhani iyi idapangidwa yomwe idalembedwa m'malemba pambuyo pake ndi wofalitsa wosadziwika. Ananda anali akadali mwana pamene masisitere woyamba adakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti sakanatha kulangiza bwino Buddha.

Malembedwe oyambilira amanenanso kuti azimayi ena omwe anali asisitere achi Buddha oyambirira adayamikiridwa ndi Buddha chifukwa cha nzeru zawo komanso zowunikira zambiri zakwaniritsidwa.

Malamulo oyenerera a anyani
Vinaya-pitaka alembera malamulo oyambilira a chilango kwa amonke ndi masisitere. A bhikkuni (nun) ali ndi malamulo kuwonjezera pa omwe adaperekedwa kwa bhikku (monk). Malamulo ofunika kwambiri awa amatchedwa Otto Garudhammas ("malamulo olemera"). Izi zikuphatikiza kugonjera kwathunthu kwa amonke; anyakubala akalamba akufunika kuwonedwa kuti ndi "mwana wamwamuna" wamasiku atatu.

Ophunzira ena amati kusiyana pakati pa Pali Bhikkuni Vinaya (gawo la Pali Canon lomwe limafotokoza malamulo a asisitere) ndi mitundu ina ya malembawo ndipo amati malamulo odana nawo kwambiri adawonjezeredwa pambuyo pa imfa ya Buddha. Kulikonse komwe amachokera, kwa zaka mazana ambiri malamulowa adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri ku Asia kuletsa azimayi kuti asadzozedwe.

Pomwe ambiri mwa asisitere anamwalira zaka zambiri zapitazo, osamalira anagwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe amafuna kuti abambo ndi asisitere akhazikitsidwe pakukhazikitsidwa kwa avirigo kuletsa amayi kuti asadzozedwe. Ngati palibe anyani amoyo omwe adakhazikitsidwa, malinga ndi malamulowo, sipangakhale maUNN. Izi zidathetsa kusankhidwa kwathunthu kwa asisitere m'malamulo a Theravada aku Southeast Asia; azimayi amatha kungokhala ma novice. Ndipo palibe lamulo laununa lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Buddha la Tibetan, ngakhale kuli azimayi ena achi Tibetan.

Pali, komabe, dongosolo la asisitikali a Mahayana ku China ndi Taiwan omwe angatsate mzere wawo mpaka kudzoza koyamba kwa asisitere. Amayi ena adasankhidwa kukhala anamwino a Theravada pamaso pa anyamatawa a Mahayana, ngakhale izi zimatsutsana kwambiri m'malamulo ena apamwamba a abambo a Theravada.

Komabe, azimayi adakhudzidwa ndi Buddha. Ndauzidwa kuti avirigo aku Taiwan amakhala ndi maudindo apamwamba mdziko lawo kuposa amonke. Mwambo wa Zen ulinso ndi aphunzitsi ena owopsa a Zen m'mbiri yake.

Kodi azimayi amatha kulowa Nirvana?
Ziphunzitso za Abuda pazowunikira akazi ndizotsutsana. Palibe bungwe lililonse lomwe limayankhula kwa Buddhism yonse. Sukulu zophunzitsa zambiri komanso magulu ampatuko satsatira malemba omwewo; zolemba zazikulu m'masukulu ena sizizindikirika ngati zenizeni ndi ena. Ndipo malembo sakugwirizana.

Mwachitsanzo, Sukhavati-vyuha Sutra wamkulu kwambiri, wotchedwanso Aparimitayur Sutra, ndi amodzi mwa ma sutras atatu omwe amaphunzitsa maziko a sukulu ya Pure Land. Sutra iyi imakhala ndi gawo lomwe limatanthauziridwa kuti amayi ayenera kubadwanso ngati amuna asanalowe Nirvana. Malingaliro awa amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi m'malemba ena a Mahayana, ngakhale sindikudziwa kuti ali mu Pali Canon.

Mosiyana ndi izi, Vimalakirti Sutra imaphunzitsanso kuti ukazi ndi ukazi, monga kusiyana kwina konse, ndizosatheka. "Poganizira izi, Buddha adati," M'zonse, palibe wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. " Vimilakirti ndimalemba ofunikira m'masukulu angapo a Mahayana, kuphatikizapo Tibetan ndi Zen Buddhism.

"Aliyense amapeza Dharma momwemonso"
Ngakhale panali zopinga zomwe zimawaletsa, m'mbiri yonse ya Abuda, azimayi ambiri apeza ulemu chifukwa chomvetsetsa za dharma.

Ndatchulapo kale azimayi apamwamba a Zen. Munthawi yamagolide a Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism (China, pafupifupi zaka za 7-9) azimayi amaphunzira ndi aphunzitsi achimuna, ndipo ena amadziwika kuti olowa m'malo a Dharma ndi ambuye a Chan. Izi zikuphatikiza Liu Tiemo, wotchedwa "Iron Grindstone"; Moshan; ndi Miaoxin. Moshan anali mphunzitsi wa amonke ndi masisitere.

Eihei Dogen (1200-1253) adabweretsa Soto Zen kuchokera ku China kupita ku Japan ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Zen. M'mawu omwe amatchedwa Raihai Tokuzui, Dogen adati, "Pezani dharma, aliyense amatenga dharma chimodzimodzi. Aliyense ayenera kupereka ulemu ndikuganizira omwe apanga dharma. Osakayikira ngati ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi. Ili ndiye lamulo labwino kwambiri la buddha-dharma. "

Chibuda lero
Masiku ano, azimayi achi Buddha ku West nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti kuchita zachiwerewere ndizovomerezeka zazikhalidwe zaku Asia zomwe zitha kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. Malamulo ena akumadzulo amakono amayanjanitsidwa, amuna ndi akazi amatsatira malamulo omwewo.

“Ku Asia, alangizi a asisitere akuyesetsa kuti apite patsogolo ndi maphunziro, koma m'maiko ambiri akadali ndi njira yotalikirapo. Tsankho mazana ambiri silidzathetsedwa usiku wonse. Kufanana kudzakhala kulimbana kwambiri m'masukulu ena komanso zikhalidwe zina kuposa zina, koma pali zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufanana ndipo sindikuwona chifukwa chomwe izi sizingapitirire.