Buddhism: gawo la Dalai Lama m'chipembedzo cha Buddhist

Chiyero chake Dalai Lama nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa munyuzipepala za Western kuti "King-Mulungu". Azungu akuwuzidwa kuti ma Dalai Lamas osiyanasiyana omwe akhala akulamulira kwa Tibet kwazaka zambiri sanabadwenso mwatsopano, komanso za mulungu wachifundo waku Tibetan, Chenrezig.

Azungu okhala ndi chidziwitso chachipembedzo cha Chibuda amazimva izi. Choyamba, Buddhism kwina ku Asia ndi "osakhulupirira" poganiza kuti sizodalira kukhulupirira milungu. Chachiwiri, Buddha amaphunzitsa kuti palibe chomwe chimapanga. Ndiye kodi mungatani kuti "mutengenso thupi"?

Buddhism komanso kubadwanso mwatsopano
Kubadwanso mwatsopano nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza "kubadwanso kwa mzimu kapena gawo laiwo mthupi lina". Koma Buddhism imakhazikika pa chiphunzitso cha munthu yemwe amatchedwanso anatta, yemwe amakana zoti kuli mzimu kapena umakhalapo zokha, munthu payekha. Onani "Kodi Munthu Wotani? ”Kuti mumve zambiri.

Ngati palibe mzimu waumwini kapena chawokha, munthu angathe bwanji kubadwanso? Ndipo yankho ndikuti palibe amene angadzabadwenso chifukwa thupi limamvetseka nthawi zambiri ndi azungu. Buddha amaphunzitsa kuti munthu amabadwanso, koma si munthu yemwe amabadwanso mwatsopano. Onani "Karma ndi Kubadwanso" kuti mumve zambiri.

Mphamvu ndi mphamvu
Zaka mazana zapitazo, pamene Buddha adafalikira mpaka ku Asia, zikhulupiriro za Buddha zakale zisanachitike, amapeza njira m'mabungwe achi Buddha. Izi zili choncho makamaka kwa Tibet. Kuchuluka kwa anthu opeka a chipembedzo chachipembedzo chachi Buddha chisanafike Bud amakhala m'gulu la anthu achi Tibet.

Kodi a Tibet adasiya chiphunzitso cha Anatman? Osati chimodzimodzi. Anthu a ku Tibet amawona zochitika zonse ngati zolengedwa zamaganizo. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chozikidwa pa filosofi yotchedwa Yogacara ndipo imapezeka m'masukulu ambiri a Buddhism Buddhism, osati ku Buddhist wa ku Tibetan.

Ma Tibetans amakhulupirira kuti ngati anthu ndi zochitika zina ndizolengedwa zamalingaliro, ndipo milungu ndi ziwanda nazonso ndizolengedwa zamalingaliro, ndiye kuti milungu ndi ziwanda siziri kwenikweni kapena zochepa kuposa nsomba, mbalame ndi anthu. Mike Wilson akufotokoza kuti: "Masiku ano Abuddha a Tibetan amapemphera kwa milungu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawu ngati a Bon, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti dziko losaonekali lili ndi mitundu yonse yamphamvu ndi mphamvu zomwe siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizingachitike popanda malingaliro. ozikika mtima ”.

Mphamvu zochepa kuposa Zaumulungu
Izi zikutifikitsa ku funso lofunsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe a Dalai Lamas adalidi ndi nkhondo yaku China isanachitike mu 1950. Ngakhale kuti za chiphunzitso, a Dalai Lama anali ndi ulamuliro waumulungu, pochita izi amayenera kuyambitsa mipikisano yamagulu ndi mikangano ndi olemera komanso wamphamvu monga wandale aliyense. Pali umboni kuti ma Dalai Lamas ena adaphedwa ndi adani ampatuko. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, awiri a Dalai Lamas asanafike omwe adagwira ntchito ngati atsogoleri a boma anali a Dalai Lama komanso 5 Dalai Lama.

Pali masukulu XNUMX apamwamba a Buddhism waku Tibetan: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug, Jonang ndi Bonpo. Dalai Lama ndi wopanga wina wa awa, sukulu ya Gelug. Ngakhale iye ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pasukulu ya Gelug, sikuti ndiye mtsogoleri. Ulemu uwu ndi waudindo woikidwa dzina lake Ganden Tripa. Ngakhale iye ndi mtsogoleri wa anthu achi Tibet, alibe ulamuliro wodziwitsa ziphunzitso kapena zochita kunja kwa sukulu ya Gellug.

Aliyense ndi mulungu, palibe amene ndi mulungu
Ngati Dalai Lama ndiye kubadwanso mwatsopano kapena kubadwanso kapena kuwonetseredwa kwa mulungu, kodi sizingamupangitse kukhala woposa anthu pamaso pa Achibetane? Zimatengera momwe mawu oti "mulungu" amamvetsetseka ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Chi Buddha cha ku Tibetan chimagwiritsa ntchito tantra yoga, yomwe imaphatikizapo miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Pa gawo lake lofunikira kwambiri, tantra yoga ku Buddhism yokhudza kuzindikira umulungu. Mwa kusinkhasinkha, nyimbo ndi machitidwe ena, tantric amatulutsa umulungu ndipo amakhala waumulungu, kapena osawunikira zomwe umulungu umayimira.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mulungu wachifundo kumadzutsa chisoni mu tantricka. Mwanjira iyi, zitha kukhala zolondola kwambiri kuganiza za milungu yosiyanasiyana monga china chofanana ndi archetypes aku Jungian m'malo mwa zolengedwa zenizeni.

Komanso, ku Mahayana Buddhism zolengedwa zonse ndizowonetsera kapena mbali zina za zolengedwa zina zonse ndipo zolengedwa zonse zimachita zachilengedwe za Buddha. Ikani njira ina, tonse ndife amodzi wina - milungu, ma buddhas, zolengedwa.

Momwe a Dalai Lama adalamulira Tibet
Anali wa 5 Dalai Lama, Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682), woyamba kukhala wolamulira wa onse Tibet. "Wachisanu Lachinayi" adapanga mgwirizano wankhondo ndi mtsogoleri waku Mongolia Gushri Khan. Atsogoleri ena awiri a Mongol komanso wolamulira wa Kang, ufumu wakale wa ku Asia Asia, alanda Tibet, Gushri Khan adawagonjera ndipo adadzinena kuti ndi mfumu ya Tibet. Chifukwa chake a Gushri Khan adazindikira Dalai Lama wachisanu ngati mtsogoleri wauzimu komanso wabwinobwino wa Tibet.

Komabe, pazifukwa zingapo, pambuyo pa Great Fifth, kuloweza kwa Dalai Lama kunali kwakukulu pamutu wopanda mphamvu yeniyeni mpaka 13 Dalai Lama adatenga mphamvu mu 1895.

Mu Novembro 2007, wa 14 wa Dalai Lama adaganiza kuti mwina sangabadwenso, kapena angasankhe Dalai Lama wotsatira akadali ndi moyo. Izi sizingakhale zomvekera konse, chifukwa m'chipembedzo chachi Buddha nthawi yoperewera imatengedwa kuti ndi chinyengo ndipo kubadwanso sikungokhala munthu. Ndikumvetsetsa kuti pakhala pali nthawi zina momwe maula watsopano wamwamuna amabadwa woyamba wamwalira.

Chiyeretso chake ali ndi nkhawa kuti aku China asankhe ndikukhazikitsa Dalai Lama ya 15, monga adachitira ndi Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama ndi mtsogoleri wachiwiri wapamwamba kwambiri ku Tibet.

Pa Meyi 14, 1995, a Dalai Lama adazindikira mwana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi wotchedwa Gedhun Choekyi Nyima ngati munthu wabadwanso mwatsopano wa Panchen Lama. Pa Meyi 17 mnyamatayo ndi makolo ake adatengedwa kupita ku China. Kuyambira pamenepo iwo sanawonepo kapena kumvera. Boma la China lidatcha mwana wina, Gyaltsen Norbu, ngati wachiwiri kwa Panchen Lama ndipo adamtumiza pampando wachifumu mu Novembala 1995.

Palibe lingaliro lomwe lidaperekedwa pakadali pano, koma potengera momwe zinthu ziliri ku Tibet, ndizotheka kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa Dalai Lama kutha pomwe 14 Dalai Lama amwalira.