Buddhism: bwanji Abuda sapewa kudzipatula?
Mfundo yopanda kuphatikiza ndiyofunikira kuti timvetsetse komanso kutsatira chipembedzo cha Buddhism, koma monga malingaliro ambiri azachipembedzo ichi, imatha kusokoneza komanso kukhumudwitsa omwe abwera kumene.
Kuchita koteroko kumakhala kofala pakati pa anthu, makamaka kumadzulo, akayamba kufufuza Buddhism. Ngati nzeru iyi ikuyenera kukhala yokhudza chisangalalo, amadzifunsa, ndiye chifukwa chiyani zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti moyo wadzala ndi mavuto (dukkha), kuti kusagwirizanitsa ndi cholinga komanso kuzindikira kuvutika (shunyata) ndi cholinga kuloza ku luntha?
Buddhism ndi malingaliro achisangalalo. Chimodzi mwazosokoneza pakati pa omwe abwera kumene ndikuti mfundo za Chibuda zimachokera mchilankhulo cha Sanskrit, mawu omwe nthawi zambiri samamasuliridwa Chingerezi. China ndichakuti mawonekedwe akumadzulo a Westerners ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe zaku Eastern.
Zofunika kukumbukira: Mfundo yopanda kudziphatikiza ndi Buddhism
Zowonadi zinayi zabwino kwambiri ndizo maziko a Buddhism. Adapulumutsidwa ndi Buddha ngati njira yopita ku nirvana, dziko losangalala kwamuyaya.
Ngakhale Zowona Zachidziwikire zimatsimikizira kuti moyo umavutika komanso kuti kudziphatika ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kuvutika, mawuwa sakutanthauzira mokhulupirika pamawu oyambira a Sanskrit.
Mawu oti dukkha atanthauziridwa bwino ndi "kusakhutira" m'malo movutika.
Palibe kumasulira kwenikweni kwa liwu loti upadana, lotchedwa kudziphatika. Lingaliro limatsindika kuti kufunitsitsa kuphatikiza zinthu ndizovuta, osati kuti muyenera kusiya chilichonse chomwe chimakondedwa.
Kupereka chinyengo komanso umbuli zomwe zimapereka umboni wofunitsitsa kudzipereka zingathandize kuthetsa mavuto. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi Noble Eightfold Path.
Kuti mumvetsetse lingaliro losakhala lophatikiza, muyenera kumvetsetsa malo ake mumadongosolo azikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za Buddha. Malo oyambira achi Buddha amadziwika kuti ndi "mfundo zinayi zabwino".
Zoyambira Chibuda
Choonadi chopambana choyamba: moyo ukuvutika
Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti moyo monga momwe tikudziwira lero ndikudzaza, kutanthauzira kwa Chingerezi komwe kumakhala pafupi ndi liwu dukkha. Mawuwa ali ndi matanthauzidwe ambiri, kuphatikiza "kusakhutira", komwe mwina ndikutanthauzira kwabwinoko kuposa kwa "kuvutika". Kunena kuti moyo umavutika m'lingaliro lachi Buddha kumatanthauza kunena kuti kulikonse komwe tikupita, timatsatiridwa ndikumveka kosamveka kuti zinthu sizili zokwanira, sizolondola konse. Kuzindikirika kwa kusakhutira kumeneku ndikomwe Abuda amati chowonadi chopambana.
Komabe, ndizotheka kudziwa chifukwa chomwe avutikira kapena kusakhutira ndipo izi zimachokera kumagwero atatu. Choyamba, ndife osakondwa chifukwa sitimvetsetsa zenizeni za zinthu. Chisokonezo ichi (avidya) chimakonda kutanthauziridwa chifukwa cha umbuli ndipo mfundo zake ndi zodziwikiratu chifukwa sitikuzindikira kudalirana kwa zinthu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti pali "ine" kapena "ine" yemwe amakhalapo palokha komanso mosiyana ndi zochitika zina zonse. Uku mwina ndi kusamvana kwakukulu komwe kwadziwika ndi Buddha ndipo ndi amene amachititsa zifukwa ziwiri zotsatirazi za kuvutika.
Choonadi chodziwikiratu: Nazi zifukwa zomwe timavutikira
Zomwe timachita pakusamvetsetsa uku kudzipatula kwathu kudziko lapansi kumabweretsa chilumikizano / kudziphatika kapena chidani / chidani. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu achiSanskrit a lingaliro loyamba, upadana, alibe matanthauzidwe achingelezi; tanthauzo lake lenileni ndi "chosakanikirana", ngakhale nthawi zambiri chimamasuliridwa kuti "cholumikizira". Momwemonso, ngakhale liwu la Sanskrit lotanthauza "kuda / kudana", devesha, lilibe kumasulira kwachingerezi. Pamodzi, zovuta zitatu izi - umbuli, kudziphatikiza / kudziphatikiza ndi antipathy - zimadziwika kuti Zisanu Zitatu ndipo kuzindikira kwawo ndi Choonadi Chachiwiri.
Choonadi chodziwikiratu: ndizotheka kuthetsa mavuto
Buddha adaphunzitsanso kuti ndizotheka kuti musavutike. Izi zili pamtima pazabwino zabwino za Buddha: kuzindikira kuti dukkha kuyimitsidwa. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa posiya chinyengo ndi umbuli zomwe zimadyetsa chomangirira / kudziphatikiza ndi zodana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wosasangalatsa. Kuchotsa kuvutika kumeneku kumakhala ndi dzina lodziwika kwa pafupifupi aliyense: nirvana.
Choonadi chachinayi: iyi ndiyo njira yothetsera kuvutika
Pomaliza, Buddha adamuphunzitsa malamulo ndi njira zingapo zothandizira kuti achoke pamkhalidwe wakusazindikira / kudziphatika / kusakonda (dukkha) kupita kumalo achisangalalo / chokhutira (nirvana). Mwa njira izi pali Eight Fold Path yodziwika bwino, malingaliro othandizirana amoyo omwe adapangidwa kuti asunthi ogwira ntchito mumsewu waukulu wa Nirvana.
Mfundo yopanda kudziphatikiza
Kusagwirizana kwenikweni ndi njira yothetsera vuto lakumapeto / yolumikizidwa yomwe idafotokozedwa mu Mfundo Yachiwiri ya Noble. Ngati kuphatikiza kapena kudziphatika ndi gawo lomwe moyo suyenda bwino, zikuwonekeratu kuti kusagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wosangalatsa, chikhalidwe cha nirvana.
Ndikofunika kudziwa, komabe, kuti Bungwe la Buddhist silikulanda anthu za moyo wanu kapena zomwe mumakumana nazo, koma kungodziwa za zomwe sizimaphatikizidwa pachiyambi. Uku ndiye kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa nzeru za Buddha ndi ena. Pomwe zipembedzo zina zimayesetsa kukwaniritsa chisomo chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso kukana ntchito mwachangu, Chibuda chimauphunzitsa kuti ndife osangalala makamaka ndikuti kusiya ntchito ndi kusiya zizolowezi zathu zolakwika. ndi malingaliro athu kuti titha kudziwa tanthauzo la Buddahood. mwa tonsefe.
Tikakana kunyengedwa kukhala ndi "ego" yomwe imapezeka padera komanso mosadalira anthu ena ndi zochitika, timazindikira mwadzidzidzi kuti sizofunikira kudzipatula chifukwa takhala tikulumikizana nthawi zonse ndi zinthu zonse. mphindi.
Mphunzitsi wa Zen a John Daido Loori akuti kusalumikizana kuyenera kumvetsedwa ngati mgwirizano ndi zinthu zonse:
“Malinga ndi malingaliro Achibuda, kusagwirizana ndi chimodzimodzi kupatukana. Kuti mukhale ndi cholumikizira muyenera zinthu ziwiri: chinthu chomwe mumakonda kwambiri ndi chomwe chimalumikiza. - Kuukira, kumbali ina, pali umodzi, pali umodzi chifukwa palibe chomangirira. Ngati mumalumikizidwa ndi chilengedwe chonse, palibe chilichonse kunja kwa inu kotero kuti lingaliro lakudziphatika limakhala lopanda tanthauzo. Ndani adzayang'ana pa chiyani? "
Kukhala osalumikizidwa kumatanthauza kuti timazindikira kuti sipanakhalepo kanthu kena koganizira kapena kumamatira koyamba. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe angazindikire zenizeni, ndi mkhalidwe wachisangalalo.