Buddhism: zomwe muyenera kudziwa za amonke Achibuda

Monke wachipembedzo wachi Buddha wovala malalanje wakhala chizindikiro chapadera ku West. Malipoti aposachedwa a amonke achi Buddha achiwawa ku Burma akuwonetsa kuti samakhala wovuta nthawi zonse. Ndipo sikuti aliyense amavala zovala zamalalanje. Ena mwa iwo sakhala ngakhale azisamba amene amakhala m'mnyumba yazigulitsa.

Monke wachi Buddha ndi bhiksu (Sanskrit) kapena bhikkhu (pali), ndikukhulupirira kuti mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Amatchedwa (pafupifupi) bi-KOO. Bhikkhu amatanthauza china chake "wopemphetsa".

Ngakhale Buddha wa mbiriyakale anali ndi ophunzira kudziko lapansi, Chi Buddha choyambirira chinali chachikulu kwambiri. Kuchokera pa maziko a Buddhism, monika singha ndiye chida chachikulu chomwe chimasunga umphumphu wa dharma ndikuwupatsira mibadwo yatsopano. Kwa zaka zambiri amonkewa anali aphunzitsi, ophunzira komanso atsogoleri achipembedzo.

Mosiyana ndi amonke ambiri achikhristu, bhikkhu kapena bhikkhuni (nun) wachi Buddha ndiwofanana ndi wansembe. Onani "Buddha motsutsana ndi chikhristu chachi monismism" kuti mufananenso mopitilira pakati pa amonke achikristu ndi Abuda.

Chigulu cha mzera wobadwira
Dongosolo loyambirira la bhikkhus ndi bhikkhunis lidakhazikitsidwa ndi Buddha wa mbiri yakale. Malinga ndi mwambo wachi Buddha, poyambirira panalibe mwambo woloza. Koma kuchuluka kwa ophunzira akamachulukirachulukira, Buddha adatengera njira zolemekezeka, makamaka pamene anthu adadzozedwa ndi ophunzira achikulire popanda Buddha.

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri kuchokera kwa Buddha chinali chakuti bhikkhus wokhazikitsidwa bwino amayenera kupezekanso pakukhazikitsidwa kwa bhikkhus ndi bhikkhus ndi bhikkhunis wokhazikitsidwa kwathunthu pakukhazikitsidwa kwa bhikkhunis. Ngati zichitika, izi zingapangitse mzere wosasunthika wa malamulo omwe amabwerera kwa Buddha.

Kulemba kumeneku kwakhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha mzere womwe ukulemekezedwa - kapena ayi - mpaka lero. Si atsogoleri onse achipembedzo chachi Buddha omwe amati amakhalabe mchikhalidwe cha ena, koma ena amatero.

Ambiri a Theravada Buddhism amakhulupirira kuti adakhazikika pamtundu wosasinthika wa bhikkhus koma osati za bhikwhunis, chifukwa chake ku Southeast Asia azimayi ambiri amaloledwa kudzoza chifukwa kulibe mabukhunis okhazikika. . Palinso vuto lofananalo ku Buddhism waku Tibetan chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti mzere wa Bhikkhuni sunaperekedwe ku Tibet.

Vinaya
Malamulo a malamulo apamwamba opangidwa ndi Buddha osungidwa ndi Buddha amasungidwa ku Vinaya kapena Vinaya-pitaka, amodzi mwa "mabasiketi" atatu a Tipitaka. Monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri, komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya Vinaya.

Abuda a Theravada amatsatira Pali Vinaya. Sukulu zina za Mahayana zimatsata mitundu ina yomwe yasungidwa m'magawo ena achi Buddha. Ndipo masukulu ena, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, samatsatiranso mtundu wonse wa Vinaya.

Mwachitsanzo, Vinaya (matembenuzidwe onse, ndikukhulupirira) amafuna amonke ndi masisitere kuti azikhala osakwatirana. Koma m'zaka za zana la 19, mfumu ya Japan idachotsa kusakwatira mu ufumu wake ndikulamula amonkewo kuti akwatire. Masiku ano, amonke ku Japan nthawi zambiri amayembekezeka kukwatiwa ndi kubereka amonke ang'onoang'ono.

Magawo awiri olamula
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Buddha, monika singati adatenga miyambo iwiri yosiyanitsa. Loyamba ndi mtundu wa dongosolo kwa omwe akuyambira omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "kusiya nyumba" kapena "kusiya". Nthawi zambiri, mwana ayenera kukhala wosachepera zaka 8 kuti akhale novice,

Zakudyazi zikafika zaka pafupifupi 20, amatha kupempha kuti awalembe. Nthawi zambiri, zofuna za makolo zomwe zalongosoledwa pamwambazi zimangogwiritsa ntchito malamulo onse, osati oyamba kumene. Malangizo ambiri odabwitsa a Buddhism adasunga dongosolo lamitundu iwiri yolamula.

Palibe chilichonse mwa malamulowa omwe ndi kudzipereka kwa moyo wonse. Ngati wina akufuna kudzauka kuti akakhale ndi moyo, angathe kutero. Mwachitsanzo, wa 6 wa Dalai Lama adasankha kusiya kudzoza ndikukhala wopusa, komabe anali Dalai Lama.

M'mayiko a Theravadin aku Southeast Asia, pali mwambo wakale wa achinyamata omwe amadzoza kumene ndikuyamba kukhala ngati amonke kwa nthawi yochepa, nthawi zina amangokhala kwa masiku ochepa, kenako nkudzabweranso kudzakhala ndi moyo.

Moyo wamankhwala ndi ntchito
Malamulo oyambirirawo omwe amapezeka atapemphedwa ankapempha zakudya zawo ndipo ankakhala nthawi yawo yambiri posinkhasinkha komanso kuphunzira. Chibuda cha Theravada chimapitilizabe mwambowu. Bhikkhus amadalira zabwino zokhala ndi moyo. M'mayiko ambiri a Theravada, anyani a novice omwe alibe chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi olamulira ayenera kukhala olamulira amonke.

Buddhism atafika ku China, amonke adapezeka ali pachikhalidwe chomwe sichinavomereze kupemphapempha. Pachifukwachi, nyumba za amonke a ku Mahayana zayamba kudzikwaniritsa komanso ntchito zapakhomo - kuphika, kuyeretsa, kukonza dimba - zakhala gawo la maphunziro apulasitiki osati a novices okha.

M'masiku ano, sizomveka kuti bhikkhus ndi bhikkhunis omwe adakhazikitsidwa amakhala kunja kwa nyumba ya amonke ndikusunga ntchito. Ku Japan ndi madongosolo ena a ku Tibet, amatha kukhala ndi wokwatirana naye komanso ana.

Za zovala
Zovala za monchi za Buddha zimapezeka mumitundu yambiri, kuchokera ku lalanje lamoto, zofiirira komanso zachikaso, mpaka zakuda. Amabweranso osiyanasiyana. Nambala ya lalanje yamafelemu amonkewa imangowoneka ku Southeast Asia kokha.